Payesh
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:4|Papers Count:11

Objective (s): Oral health is one of the most important factors affecting people's well-being. However, there are major obstacle to accessing dental services including high medical costs, lack of financial resources and human resources. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the distribution of dentists in public sector and household payments for dental services in Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was designed and implemented using the National Household Expenditure Survey data from 2011 to 2017. Gini coefficient was used to measure the distribution of manpower and household payment. All analyzes were performed using MS Excel 2013 software. Results: Across the country, there were 5. 56 dentists per thousand. Qazvin, Hamedan, Yazd, Mazandaran and Ilam provinces had the highest average and Alborz, Lorestan, Qom, Khuzestan and Khorasan Razavi provinces had the lowest average number of dentists. The Gini coefficient of dentists' distribution in 2012 was 0. 41 and with slight decrease it was 0. 40 in 2017. Also, the Gini coefficient of payment for household dental costs in rural areas was 0. 68 and 0. 66 in urban areas in 2012 and it was 0. 70 and 0. 65 in rural and urban areas in 2017, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, inequality in distribution of dentists in public sector and household use of dental services during the study period has not changed significantly. Given the high Gini coefficient of households for dental services in rural areas compared to urban areas, it seems that covering dental services can be an effective measure to reduce this inequality. In addition, implementing appropriate programs to facilitate access to dental services for disadvantaged households can be an effective measure to reduce this inequality.

Objective (s): Multiple choice questions are the central core of the evaluation of medical students. The purpose of this study was to analyze medical and dentistry basic sciences examinations in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Methods: A valid checklist for totally 450 multiple choice questions (225 questions for each field), were analyzed in terms of structure, difficulty index, discrimination index and diversion options. Structure of the questions was analyzed by a checklist consisting of 16 items with yes or no formats. Difficulty and discrimination indexes for each question also were examined. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used. Results: There were structural problems with 6 and 5 percent of medical and dentistry questions respectively. In For medical examination on average 50. 1% required difficulty indexes, 25. 8% required discrimination indexes and 73. 5% diversion options were achieved. For dentistry examination on average 50. 07% required difficulty indexes, 23. 07% required discrimination indexes and 53. 46% diversion options were achieved. Conclusion: The findings indicated that frequency of the questions with required difficulty index, were rather good but frequency of the questions with required discrimination index, were relatively very low. Diversion options in medical questions were designed better than dentistry questions. Indeed, it seems that examinations of medical and density students need some revisions and corrections.

Objective (s): Diabetes is the most common metabolic syndrome that can cause debilitating complications due to its high prevalence. The aim of this study was to review the sleep quality of people with diabetes in Iran. Methods: This was a narrative review. Persian and English articles until May 2020 were reviewed using the ‘ glycemic, diabetes, quality of sleep, metabolic syndrome, Iran’ , keywords in databases such as: ProQuest, science direct, scopus, google scholar, Pubmed, Magiran, SID, and IranMedex. Results: In total 27 articles were reviewed. The articles were classified into three categories: the sleep quality (11 articles), interventions to improve the sleep quality (10 articles) and the effect of sleep quality on metabolic indicators (6 articles). The results showed that 15% of the articles reported that the sleep quality of diabetic patients was favorable, 35% of the articles reported the quality of sleep as unfavorable and 50% of the quality of sleep as moderate. Conclusion: Due to the low level of sleep quality of diabetic patients, the breadth of sleep and its quality among diabetes patients seems an important issue that needs appropriate interventions.

Objective (s): Caring a patient with hemiplegia could affects different aspects of family caregivers’ health. This study aimed to determine the effect of a patient care education on stressors, anxiety and depression in family caregivers of patients with hemiplegia stroke. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study carried out in 2019. The samples were women caring for their patients with hemiplegia discharged from a teaching hospital in Koohdasht, Iran. The experimental group received 4 sessions of group discussion and 3 home visits in the designed educational program. Stress, anxiety and depression of caring women in both groups were measured using the DASS21 before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Chisquare, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The results showed that stress, anxiety and depression of caregivers were significantly decreased in the experimental group one month after intervention as compared to the control group (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The findings showed that the training program for caregivers of hemiplegic stroke patients could reduce the stress, anxiety and depression.

Objective (s): Measles is a severe acute respiratory viral infection. The single-stranded RNA morbillivirus from the Paramixoviridea family is easily transmitted among humans through coughing or sneezing droplets. Methods: This was a case-control study that was carried out among people living in cities under coverage of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran in 2014-2015. Seventy-five patients with confirmed measles (case group) and 150 healthy individuals (control group) were selected for the study. The case group included entered into the study through census method. The control group was randomly selected by simple random sampling from the people who had the inclusion criteria. To control the confounding factors, each case was matched with two persons from the control group for age and gender. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, a significant relationship between measles and, not receiving the vaccine (OR=14. 35, CI 95%=7. 03-29. 27), the history of contact with the definite cases of measles (OR=1. 9, CI 95%=1. 09-3. 43), nonnative residents (OR=5. 46, CI 95%=1. 88-15. 78), mother's age of older than 30 years at birth (OR=2. 8, CI 95%=1. 23-6. 38) were identified. Conclusion: Based on the findings independent risk factors for developing measles disease were not having measles vaccine, non-native people, history of contact with definite cases of measles and, mother's age at birth.

Objective (s): Since cultural competency is an important issue for health care professionals. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the cultural competency for medical graduates. Methods: first an item pool was s generated. Then the content and face validity was assessed by a panel of 15 experts familiar with clinical education and cultural competence. The structural validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the information obtained from 542 medical students working in medical centers in Tehran by exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by examining internal consistency. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Results: Out of 103 items generated after content validity 64 items remained. The structural validity of the questionnaire as assessed by the exploratory factor analysis led to removing 14 items. The final version of the questionnaire contained 50 items tapping into 8 factors that jointly explained 53. 45% of variance observed. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0. 96 and for the 8 factors ranged from 0. 88 to 0. 89. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Medical Science Graduates' Cultural Competency Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure that can be used as an instrument to assess the cultural competency of medical students.

Objective (s): The work-family conflict is a form of conflict that a person feels inconsistency between the demands of his or her role and the demands of the family role. The aim of the current research was to translate and assess reliability and validity of the Persian version of Work-Family Conflict Scale. Methods: Forward-backward procedure was applied to translate the Carlson's Work-Family Conflict Scale from eglish into Persian. 146 participants from Shahid Chamran University and 132 participants from Jondi Shapour Medical Sciences University of Ahvaz (278 in total) were selected and completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis. Results: The results obtained from exploratory factor analysis using principal components (varimax rotation) identified three factors: work-family and family-work conflict based on time, work-family and family-work conflict based on strain, and workfamily and family-work conflict based on behavior. The Cronbach's α coefficients for the entire scale and the factors obtained 0. 86, 0. 85, 0. 84, and 0. 88, respectively. The correlation coefficients between each item and the entire scale ranged from 0. 40 to 0. 65 (p < 0. 001) and the divergent validity coefficients of the scale with the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support and the Marital Satisfaction Scales were negatively significant-0. 72 and-0. 62, respectively. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Persian Work-Family Conflict Scale is valid and can be used in future studies.

Objective (s): Assessing the disability of the elderly requires a specific instrument. The Groningen Frailty Inventory is one of the known instruments that used to measure the ability of the elderly. The present study aimed to translate and initially validate the Persian version of the GFI questionnaire. Methods: The present study was a methodological study which was performed on 139 elderly people. The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian and face and content validity were determined qualitatively. The quantitative validation was performed using construct validity (known groups comparison and concurrent validity). The General Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. Reliability was assessed by estimating internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: The results of the known groups analysis showed that the questionnaire well differentiated disability score in older men versus women as hypothesized. Older people with lower education also had lower score as compared to well-educated older participants. Concurrent validity indicated a significant correlation between the Persian version of the Groningen Frailty and the General Anxiety Inventory. The internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson) was 0. 762. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with a two-weeks interval was 0. 61. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of Groningen Frailty Indicator is a valid instrument and now could be used for measuring in research and clinical practice. It is suggested that the future studies assess the structural validity of the GFI using factor analysis with a bigger sample size.

Objective (s): Artistic activities in a variety of forms can improve emotional health and quality of life by increasing understanding of self and others and the capacity for self-regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of mindfulness in relationship between artistic activities and women's quality of life. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of a sample of women who were involved in carpet weaving inBojnord, Iran. Participants completed a self-designed questionnaire including items on artistic activities, mindfulness and quality of life. The data of 192 participants were explored using Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression (moderator) analyses. Results: There was a meaningful relationship between artistic activities (r = 0. 40), mindfulness (r = 0. 20) and quality of life (P<0. 001). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that mindfulness moderate the relationship between artistic activity and quality of life. Conclusion: The findings suggest that artistic activities in leisure time can increase the quality of life of women by increasing mindfulness.