Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Background and Objectives: In coronary artery stenosis blood flow into heart veins and coronary sinus (CS) vein decreases appreciably. Standard methods of coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) measurement is by catheterism or radionuclide imaging are invasive. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was used for noninvasive estimation of CSBF, but this method may be not accurate because of some difficulties in blood velocity measurement in CS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CS diameters in TTE with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients suspected to have coronary lesion. Subjects and Methods: TTE was performed for 36 patients who were referred for coronary artery angiography (CAG) in a cross sectional study. CS diameter recorded in all of patients a day before CAG. Results: CS diameter showed obvious relationship to significant CAD in present study (P≤ 0. 001). There was a direct relationship relation between number of stenotic coronary arteries and CS diameter. Conclusion: It seems CS diameter measurement by TTE can be used as an easy, noninvasive, accessible method of screening of CAD.

Background and Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is recognized as the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood, and its lack of attention and recognition can lead to harmful effects for the individual and their family. The current study aimed to investigate mother-child relationship in hyperactive children. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 160 mothers of 5 to 12 years old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which referred to welfare centers of Tehran in 2013 by random sampling. Data were gathered using demographic questionnaire, Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation (MCRE) Scale and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Findings suggest that the interactive adoption style in mothers with ADHD students is less and ineffective interactive styles include rejection, overindulgence and overprotection were more common. Also there was correlation of 0. 275 between avoiding variables and overindulgence, 0. 243 between compromising and rejection, 0. 241 between obligating and overindulgence and 0. 268 between overindulgence and rejection and 0. 346 between dominating and overprotection at 5% error of research variables. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that problems in mother and ADHD child relationship are also effective in spouse conflict resolution styles. Therefore, family history of these children should be taken into consideration when treating these children.

Background and Objectives: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSF) is a microvascular disorder characterized by delayed opacification of coronary arteries in the absence of any evidence of obstructive epicardial coronary disease. In this study we aimed to compare the LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) obtained by 2D-echocardiography in diabetic and hypertensive patients with slow flow coronary arteries and diabetic and hypertensive patients with normal coronary arteries. Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study conducted on 22 diabetic and hypertensive patients with angiographically proven normal coronary arteries and slow flow in all coronary artery (TIMI frame count>27 and TIMI-2-flow) and 25 diabetic and hypertensive patients with normal coronary without slow flow phenomenon. The patients in both groups underwent 2D echocardiography to measure LV ejection fraction, GLS and LVH. Results: In this study, 20 women and 27 men with the average age of 55. 55± 11. 16 (range 31 to 80 years) were enrolled. There was no significant difference in GLS between CSF and control group (-13. 58 ± 5. 50% versus-12. 28 ± 7. 03%, P<0. 489). There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of LVEF and LVH (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The GLS in diabetic and hypertensive patients with and without CSF is not different. These data suggest that measurement of global longitudinal strain using 2D echocardiography is not helpfull in diagnose of CSF in these groups of patients.

Background and Objectives: Candida species are the fourth agent of blood infections in hospitalized patients. Many cases of treatment failure and resistance to antifungal drugs have been reported. In this study, the effect of alcoholic extract of ginger, as an immune system stimulant, with antimicrobial and antifungal properties, was surveyed on systemic candidiasis in Balb/c mice. Materials and Methods: In the experimental study, 49 female mice of Balb/c were randomly divided into seven groups (n=7 in each group). After intravenously injection by the standard strain of C. albicans (ATCC 10231), mice were treated by ginger extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml and fluconazole (12 mg/kg of body weight, 0. 1 ml) for 7 days. Then the mice were euthanized and evaluated for microbial load of the kidneys, liver, peritoneum liquid and peritoneal Macrophages. In addition pathological examinations of kidney and liver tissues were carried out by specific staining of GMS. Results: Ginger extract at 100 mg/ml was able to reduce the microbial load of the kidneys, liver, peritoneum and increase the count of peritoneal macrophages compared to the positive control group. The results of histopathology also confirmed the pathological changes of liver and kidney tissues in ginger group compared to fluconazole and positive control group which were classified as mild, moderate and severe. Conclusion: The results indicate that ginger extract can act as an effective antifungal agent with good efficacy against invasive candidiasis.

Background and Objectives: Several studies have shown that the prevalence of myopia increases with education. There is lack of studies among adolescent to confirm this link. The aim of this study was to compare IQ score between high school students with and without refractive errors. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 392 high school students (four groups) from ten high schools in Ahvaz in 2016. The participants were divided into four groups including myopia (n=98), hyperopia (n=98), spherocylander (n=98), and normal (n=98). The IQ score was compared between these groups. The intelligence scores were measured using two tests including Raymond Bernard Cattell’ s test and Raven’ s Progressive Matrix test. Results: The mean age of the students was 15. 3 ± 0. 9 years. Of 392 students, 187 (47. 7%) were boys and 205 (52. 3%) were girls. The highest frequent IQ score was borderline in three groups, except the most frequent IQ score in normal group was poor. The Mann-Whitney test showed that the IQ score was significantly higher in myopia group and hyperopia group than in normal group (P=0. 002 and 0. 036, respectively). While, there was no significant differences between spherocylander and normal groups (P=0. 104), myopia and hyperopia groups (P =0. 3), myopia and spherocylander groups (P = 0. 17) and hyperopia and spherocylander groups (P =0. 68) in terms of IQ score. Conclusion: We found significant higher IQ score in myopia group than in normal group.

Background and Objectives: The involvement of the anus and the surrounding skin is one of the common complaints in the gastrointestinal clinic, however, neoplasms of the anal canal and skin are unusual. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological findings of benign and malignant lesions of anus among patients referred to pathology department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd during the years 2006 to 2016. Subjects and Methods: All patients (1662) with primary diagnosis of anal lesions who underwent biopsy or excision were enrolled in the study. Demographic data including age, sex, clinical signs and histopathologic diagnosis were entered into the pre-prepared checklist. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The values of P<0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 1662 patients 934 were men (56. 2%) and 728 (43. 8%)were women. The mean age of patients was 42. 4 with a deviation of 15. 7 years and the range of changes was 15-87 years. How many cases were maliganant? ? . The most common malignant tumor was anus adenocarcinoma (76. 5%) and then malignant melanoma (17. 6%). The prevalence of malignant tumors in men was higher than in women. The most common symptom in patients with malignant tumors was bleeding. The most common benign hemorrhoid lesions (66. 5%). The majority of benign lesions were under the age of 50 years and the most common clinical symptom in tumors was benign tumor (63. 3%). Conclusion: In this study, contrary to other studies, anus adenocarcinoma is the most common tumor with a higher frequency in males.

Background and Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of primary balloon angioplasty (PBA) versus hydrostatic dilatation (HD) in the fitting of suitable fistulas for hemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients. Subjects and Methods: In this interventional study 38 patients were enrolled, divided into two groups of 19 and allocated into PBA or HD groups. Results: There was no difference in risk factors between the two groups. There was no fistula deficiency in the PBA group and all fistulas were functional in this group. The rate of intervention in PBA relative to HD was significantly increased from 5 to 42%, respectively (P=0. 008). The mean age of puberty was 53 days in HD and 31 days in PBA, which was significant (P=0. 008). Conclusion: PBA is a safe and efficient procedure for embedding necessary fistulas for dialysis, especially in small veins. In addition, this initial duct opening procedure has fewer times and less reciprocal intervention.

Background and Objectives: The success of the rehabilitation of the orthogonoid depends on the cleansing and adequate formation of the intact areas of the root canal system. For better removal of root canal fill materials, various methods have been proposed, including manual files, ultrasonic instruments, lasers, rotary instruments NiTi. D-Race as one of the widely used instrument provides a twisted-shaped design when visualized by light microscopes. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 adult single-channel premolar teeth with adult roots were collected and kept for two years. The teeth were disinfected by using 2. 5% hypochlorite for one hour. The crown of the teeth were cut to CEJ by high speed diamond milling under water flow. The roots were cut to a length of 15mm and the samples were randomly distributed into three groups: 1-XP-F rotary file alone, 2-XP-F rotary file along with NaOCl, 3-XP-F rotary file with chlorohexidine. Results: The study revealed a positive effect of solvent on removal of gutta-percha and sealer in the D-Race systems while, there were no significant differences in NaOCl and chlorohexidine in removing residual gutta-percha or sealer. Moreover, the results showed that the amount of residual gutta-percha or sealer in the middle (M) and coronal (C) slices was significantly lower than that of apical (A) slice. Discussion: The results showed that XP-F rotary is an efficient retreatment files for removing residual gutta-percha and sealer.

Background and Objectives: Duration of whole cell pertussis (WCP) fermenter culture affects the quality and quantity of the Bordetella pertussis PTX production which directly influence in pertussis vaccine potency, and in this way, has a significant consequence on vaccine immunogenicity. The aim of this research was to quantify the cell associated and free pertussis toxin antigen by ELISA method to determine the optimal and appropriate harvesting time for WCP vaccine production. Material and Methods: The PTX antigen levels were measured in three series of fermenter (350 L) batches (A, B and C) of WCP vaccine strain 509, cultivated in culture media B2 in optical densities of 0. 1, 0. 8, 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3. Each sample was quantitatively evaluated in three modes of sediment, supernatant and suspension of WCP vaccine compared to standard pertussis toxin by ELISA and analyzed using Excel software. Results: According to the analysis of the results which was interpreted based on maximum amount of the PTX antigen anchor to Bordetella pertussis, optimal duration of the fermenter (350 L) culture of WCP strain 509, was determined for 38 to 42 hours at optical density of 1. 2. Conclusion: Due to the disadvantages of turbidity method and the advantages of PTX antigen measurement by ELISA method (quantitative, qualitative and repeatability), this approach promises a reliable method in order to effectively control he parameters and procedures in the production process, in process quality control (IPQC) and consistency approach of WCP vaccine production.

Background and Objectives: Tuberculin skin test is a screening test for tuberculosis. The aim of this investigation studied in vitro the immunity level out of Bacillus Calmette– Guerin (BCG) vaccine, through measurement of interferon gamma (IFN γ ) in growth medium, in the students of Shavoor city. Subjects and Methods: This research is an experimental study that was performed on 32 male and female students of the three educational levels. After blood sampling, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll solution and 2×105 Cell/Wells with 5 or 20 μ l B. C. G vaccine were co-cultured in CO2 incubator in 37° C for 48 and 72 hours, and IFN γ level measured by the ELIZA method. For statistical analyses, independent t-test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups using SPSS software version 23. Results: Analysis of the results showed that there was a significant difference between the size of the induration at different ages of 13 years old (P<0. 05). Also, there was no significant difference between the size of the induration in boys and girls (P>0. 05). There was a significant difference between the age, time, and amounts of the bacterium 5 or 20 μ L of the B. C. G vaccine used with the level of IFN γ secretion in the two groups (P <0. 05). Conclusion: With regard to the results, IFN γ secretion is directly related to the dose of bacteria used and the monocular blood cells of the students and incubation time. Also, the level of IFN γ secretion at younger ages was lower than that at an early age.