Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2011 | Volume:12 | Issue:1 (46)|Papers Count:11

Objective: This study is carried on to compare personality traits, coping strategies, and attributional styles of opiatedependent patients and healthy people.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sctional and comparative research, three scales Eysenk Personality Questionaire RS (EPQ-RS), Coping Response Inventory (CRI), and Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) are used to measure the mentioned variables on 158 people (78 opiate-dependent patient and 80 healthy people) selected by accessible sampling method. Research data were examined on the basis of T-test for independent groups and logistic regression.Results: Results of T-test showed that there were significant differences between healthy and patient group in Coping Response Inventory and Personality Traits Subscale (except Lying subscale) and attribution styles for negative events (P<0.001). Logistic regression results showed that all of these variables which entered in model, are able to predict distinction one group from other; patient group and healthy one in a meaningful way (P<0.001).Conclusion: opiate-dependent patients when they face problems significantly use problem-solving strategies, social support seeking, and cognitive evaluation significantly less than healthy group and use physical inhibition and emotional inhibition significantly more than the healthy group. Also, drug-dependent patients in terms of tendency to Neuroticism, psychoticism and introversion were significantly higher than the healthy group, and they had more pessimistic attributional style towards negative events. On the other hand it became apparent that some aspects of personality characteristics, coping strategies, and attributional style considerably were able to distinguish healthy people from opiate-dependent patients.

Objective: Autism is one the most disturbing neurodevelopmental disorders associated with variety behavioral problems including communication deficits. The present study is aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication system (PECS) on behavioral problems of autistic children.Materials & Method: This study follows a quasi- experimental single subject A-B design. Four boys with autism (aged between 3-7 years) were selected from the Center for the Treatment of Autistic Disorders, Tehran. They were received PECS training for duration of four months (42 session), three sessions per week. Direct observation assessment and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist were applied 6 times during the course of the study.Results: Separate set of analysis of the data reveled a positive effects of PECS on reduction of behavioral problems in three children, although, some differences were identified between them.Conclusion: Enhanced ability to communicate by PECS, would effectively reduce behavioral problems of children with Autism.

Objective: This study sought to investigate the role of gender in sexual desire and quality of life's correlation in Major Depression Disorder.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 134 subjects (67 male, 67 female) with Major Depression Disorder were selected through a randomized sampling method from psychology and psychiatry outpatient centers in Tehran. The data for sexual desire were obtained by a single item measure of Beck Depression Inventory-2 and quality of life by Short Form 36 (SF-36) and McGill Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. The bivariate correlations between the quality-of-life sub-domains and sexual desire were analyzed with the Pearson test in the males and females, separately.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two genders in terms of sexual desire (P=0.230). The SF-36 showed that sexual desire correlated in both genders with pain (r=-0.456 and P<0.001 for the males; r=-0.308 and P=0.011 for the females). The SF-36 also demonstrated the correlation between sexual desire and physical functioning variables (r=-0.457, P<0.001), role limitation due to physical problems (r=-0.325, P=0.007), role limitation secondary to emotional problems (r=-0.325, P=0.007), fatigue (r=-0.294, P=0.016), emotional well-beinp (r=-0.368, P=0.02), and social functioning (r=-0.483, P<0.001). The McGill inventory questionnaire demonstrated correlations between sexual desire and psychological well-being (r=0.255, P=0.037), existential well-being (r=0.293, P=0.016), and social support (r=0.425, P<0.001) in the men.Conclusion: The more and extensive link between sexual desire and quality of life in Major Depression Disorder showed the more effect of changes in sexual desire due to depression on quality of life in male than female subjects.

Objective: Work related accidents are considered as a significant health problem of working population. The goal of this study was to determine relation of treatment management with treatment outcome of Work-Related injuries leading to amputation.Materials & Methods: current study was based on correlation method which was evidence based and was based on actual data of medical records of occupational accidents leading to amputations. Study population included all injuries that suffered limb amputation due to work and were referred to Laleh hospital during 2005 to 2009 (N=135). The data were collected by check list and analyzed by descriptive and inferential Statistics.Results: Taking care method had a considerable effect on success of replant operation of that limb (P<0.001) so that in 95.23% of injuries whom principles of primary care had been done for them during transportation of amputated limb to hospital, had a successful operation. Treatment results of injuries in large limbs have had a strong relation to interval of incident occurrence to start of operation (P=0.038) How to refer injuries to hospital has not had a meaningful impact on treatment outcome (P=0.469) although referring injuries from health centers of workplace directly to hospital had more successful result comparing to transferring from other hospitals.Conclusion: Appropriate management of work-related injuries leading to amputation especially primary healthcare's during limb transmission and reducing transmission time, correct organization of referring procedure can prevent occurrence of many devastating disabilities and horrible consequences.

Objective: Any change in the brain function which causes such as mental retardation, can alter hemisphere lateralization, especially if it takes place before completing the lateralization development. This research compares two 7 important indices of lateralization including handedness and footedness among mental retarded and normal children and their parents. Four groups were compared to each other in order to showing the influence of mental retardation and family style in lateralization.Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in second three month of 2008 by selecting 160 children (ranged between 7-13 years old) including 60 mental retarded students (IQ range from 50 to 70) were selected by random sampling and 100 normal children (IQ range 85-115) Were selected by cluster sampling. All participants with their parents completed 10 items of Edinbrough Handedness Inventory and Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire and Raven Progressive Matrices test. First Percent and confidence interval of each preference was presented then preferences of each group with chi-square test were compared.Results: The rate of right footedness (RF) in normal children, their father and mother were 84%, 71.6%, respectively; but RF prevalence in mental retarded children was 50%. The right handedness (RH) rate for normal children, their father and mother measured at 87%, 91% and 88%, too. The latter rates for mental retarded children and their father and mothers were at 66.7%, 88.3% and 85.2%, respectively. Also amount of (RH) in fathers of mental retard children were 88.3% and in their mother were 85.2% but (RH) in mental retard children were 66.7%. Chi square analysis revealed a significant difference between hand (P=0.013) and foot (P<0.001) preference among mental retarded and normal children, but this difference was not significant among their parents in both populations. However Chi square analysis revealed A significant difference between hand (P=0.009) and foot (P=0.018) preference in mental retarded children and their parents.Conclusion: Handedness and footedness can be altered in mental retardation so lateralization process can be affected in mental retardation.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the educational progress and behavioral compromise of children with special needs in special and integrated education systems in Hamedan province.Materials & Methods: This research is based on comparison between all the exceptional students who divided in two groups of blind and deaf in three levels inclouding primary, guidance and high school students.40 students from integrated and 40 students from special educational system with cluster sampling method were selected. For data gathering, a questionnaire based on Achtenbac experience was used. The data were analysed by independent T test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOYA).Results: The result showed that there is a significant difference between the amount of educational progress, compromise behaviors, and abnormal behaviors of exceptional students in integrated educational system, compared with special educational system. Also the rate of educational progress and compromise behaviors is better in integrated education system and behavioral disorders of these students are less than their counterparts in special educational system.Conclusion: in general integrated educational system in comparison with especial educational system is most successful in terms of educational progress. compromise behavior and abnormal behavior in exceptional students (blind and deaf).

Objective: The anatomy of the human cervical region has a special complexity. Ultrasonography is a scanning technique, which has been successfully used to identify and measure the cervical muscle dimensions. The purpose of this study was to detect the dimensional changes of the human Semispinalis Capitis Muscle (SECM) with Real Time Ultrasound (RTUS) during isometric cervical extension.Materials & Methods: Six junior ice hockey players took part in the study. We simultaneously measured the values of estimates, such as breadth or anteroposterior dimension (APD) and width or lateral dimension (LD), of the SECM cross-sectional area during isometric cervical extension at different maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) percentile levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%).Results: The result of multiplication of the linear dimensions (APD ´ LD), considered as the size of the SECM, increased (P<0.05) with rising the level of the cervical extension force. The correlation between muscle size and extension force of 100% MVC was r=0.79 (P=0.05).Conclusion: The Real Time Ultrasound method may be useful in evaluating the function of each individual cervical muscle.

Objective: Synkinesia is a sequel of facial nerve palsy. It usually begins 3-4 months after axonal regeneration and progresses up to two years afterward. Treatment of synkinesia is very difficult and sometimes impossible. The aim of our study is find a better procedure to treat facial nerve palsy and prevent synkinesia.Materials & Methods: Twenty nine patients with facial nerve palsy were selected by electrodiagnostic tests. They were divided in two groups. The experimental group was treated by biofeedback electromyography and the second group was treated by common physiotherapy. The evaluation of all patients was done by Photoshop assessment and facial grading scale, before and after treatment.Result: After the treatment, a significant general improvement was observed in both groups (P<0.05), but experimental group (biofeedback) showed better result than the other one. The number of patients with synkinesia as well as the severity of their synkinesis in experimental group were decreased milder than the other one.Conclusion: Biofeedback therapy is more efficient than common physiotherapy. By using this approach, control and reducing synkinesia is more feasible. Assessment by Photoshop procedure showed better accuracy than facial grading scale.