Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

Background and Objective: Developmental and behavioral disorders are among common problems in pediatric medicine. Early diagnosis of these disorders is important so there can be intervention and treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of education based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting preventive behaviors of child’ s development disorder on mothers in Qom in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this study which was conducted as a quasi-experimental intervention in 2018, a sample of 106 mothers with children aged one year were randomly assigned to two groups of control and test in 2018. The data collecting tool was the questionnaires based on theory of planned behavior that was completed twice: before and 1 month after the education. Educational intervention was performed in 4 sessions for the test group. Finally, the data were collected and analyzed using paired t– test, independent t-test, and Chi square in the context of the SPSS 22. Results: Before the intervention, the two groups had no significant difference in terms of demographic variables and mean scores of different structures of theory of planned behavior. However, after the intervention, there were significant differences between test and control group in terms of mean score and standard deviation, the educational effect, knowledge score (2/85± 2/37), attitude (7/13± 3/28), subjective norm (6/64± 3/66), perceived behavioral control (11/05± 4/33), behavioral intention (9/8± 3/92), and behavior (16/94± 8/10) (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed the effect and efficiency of the theory of planned behavior on promoting preventive behaviors of child’ s development disorder in mothers.

Background and Objective: Body composition changes effects on physical, motor, and psychic aspects of people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of playing-based exercises on weight, body mass index, and fat percentage of overweight children with developmental coordination disorder. Materials and Methods: The research method is semi experimental, with pretest and post-test design. After checking health records, height and weight, and completing the questionnaire, from among the primary schools in district 15 of Tehran, 50 children, aged 8 to 10, were selected through targeted sampling method and based on entry criteria in 2015. After pre-test, they were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=30) and control group (n=20). The experimental group participated in the protocol and received 3 sessions per week for 3 months. MABC-2 motor development test was used to measure the coordination of subjects and calipers and scales were used to combine the body. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21 and one-way covariance analysis at a significant level of 0. 05. Results: Analysis of variables after 12 weeks of intervention indicated weight loss, fat percentage and body mass index in the experimental group and the intervention group received better scores compared to the control group and this difference was significant. Conclusion: Performing physical activity in the form of a game is one of the effective ways of intervening in children. Therefore, with early intervention, we can have a positive effect on the growth process and overweight.

Background and Objective: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common complaints in adolescent and young women which can have negative effects on their daily activities. Therefore, to improve their life style, preservation and advancement of their health status seems to be necessary. This aim of this study was to compare health promoting lifestyle and self-efficacy in females with and without primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. The study population were 370 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Data was collected using a four-part questionnaire: personal and menstrual characteristic, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), health promoting behaviors questionnaire and self-efficacy. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 by descriptive statics, independent t-test, chi squared and ANOVA. Results: The mean (SD) of Health promoting lifestyle were respectively 2. 67 (0. 45) and 2. 77 (0. 47) in students with and without primary dysmenorrhea. The mean (SD) of self-efficacy were respectively 2. 88 (0. 61) and 2. 81 (0. 54) in students with and without primary dysmenorrhea. There were significant differnces between the two groups regarding total score of health promoting lifestyle (P= 0. 03), aspects of physical activity (P0. 02), stress management (P=0. 02) and spiritual growth (P=0. 03), . However, there was no significant difference regarding self-efficacy in students with and without dysmenorrhea (P=0. 2). Conclusion: Total score of health promoting lifestyle in females with dysmenorrhea was lower than those without dysmenorrhea. Therefore, we could help these girls significantly with increasing awareness, educating and providing appropriate methods to improve their lifestyle.

Background and Objective: Paying attention to the health of workers as a significant part of the population is important as they play an important role in the development of the society, which also has caught the attention of government officials and World Health Organization (WHO). Based on the rules and regulations of workers in different occupations, each year they must undergo certain medical tests and examinations to ensure they have sufficient health to perform their duties. This study aimed to predict the results of examinations, extraction of knowledge and identifying patterns and agents that affect workers' health. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study conducted in Tehran among 1267 employees of various occupations who participated in annual examinations of labor medicine in 2017 and 80 variables related to their health and occupational and family background were collected during the examinations. Due to the size and type of data, the C5. 0 decision tree method was used to perform data mining and discovery process. Results: Using the C5. 0 decision tree, a model with accuracy of 99. 05% was introduced. According to this model, variables with the greatest impact on the health of the employees were identified. Hearing status, especially hearing loss at frequencies of 6000 and 4000 Hz, had the greatest impact on the results of employee health examinations. Conclusion: According to the extracted patterns and identification of determinants that had the greatest impact on the result of medical examinations, it is possible to control the specified factors to improve the health of workers.

Background and Objective: Aggression is one of the main focuses of research activities of psychologists and psychiatrists, and a significant proportion of those referring to psychiatric and psychiatric centers have aggression problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Aggression Replacement Training (ART) program on antisocial behaviors (physical aggression, social aggression and rule breaking) and anger rumination in Ahwaz adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: The research method was a randomized clinical trial design. A sample of 45 students who entered the research were selected through a step-by-step sampling method among the four educational districts of Ahvaz and randomly assigned to three groups of experimental, placebo and control. Tools included Burt & Donnellan's antisocial behavior questionnaire and S Sukhodolsky's rumination questionnaire. Also, for analyzing the data, SPSS 18 was used and the level of significance was 0. 05. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean of experimental, placebo and control groups in the dimensions of antisocial behaviors and anger rumination (F=23. 54 and P=0. 01). Conclusion: Aggression Replacement Training program reduces antisocial behaviors and anger rumination in adolescent girls, so it can be used in schools and centers to prevent and reduce aggressive and anti-social behaviors.

Background and Objective: Bone Density (BD) decreases after menopause; on the other hand, physical activity is a major factor in preventing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six-month low-load very high-repetition resistance training (body pump) on BD and balance in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: 22 postmenopausal women from Sanandaj City voluntarily participated in the present study (mean age, height, weight and BMI=55. 2± 1. 7 yr, 160. 8± 3. 1 cm, 65. 1± 3. 5 kg and 25. 1± 1. 6 kg/m2), and were randomly divided into Resistance Training (RT; n=12) and Control (Con; n=10) groups. The RT performed 3 sessions in week for 6 months, while the control group did not have any regular exercise training during this period. Bone scans (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were performed at baseline and after 6 months of training. Also, the balance index was assessed using the Stork Balance Stand Test. Results: After 6 months, BD in the lumbar spine (P=0. 001) and balance (P=0. 001) significantly increased in the RT. In addition, there was significant differences in BD of lumbar spine between the RT and control (the lumbar spine: (P=0. 04), balance (P=0. 001)). But after 6 months, there were not any significant changes in femoral neck and forearm (P 0. 05) Conclusion: Six months, low-load very high-repetition resistance training increased the bone density of the lumbar spine while these changes did not occur at the femoral neck and forearm. It seems that the highest impact was on BD of the lumbar spine. Background and Objective: Bone Density (BD) decreases after menopause; on the other hand, physical activity is a major factor in preventing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six-month low-load very high-repetition resistance training (body pump) on BD and balance in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: 22 postmenopausal women from Sanandaj City voluntarily participated in the present study (mean age, height, weight and BMI=55. 2± 1. 7 yr, 160. 8± 3. 1 cm, 65. 1± 3. 5 kg and 25. 1± 1. 6 kg/m2), and were randomly divided into Resistance Training (RT; n=12) and Control (Con; n=10) groups. The RT performed 3 sessions in week for 6 months, while the control group did not have any regular exercise training during this period. Bone scans (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were performed at baseline and after 6 months of training. Also, the balance index was assessed using the Stork Balance Stand Test. Results: After 6 months, BD in the lumbar spine (P=0. 001) and balance (P=0. 001) significantly increased in the RT. In addition, there was significant differences in BD of lumbar spine between the RT and control (the lumbar spine: (P=0. 04), balance (P=0. 001)). But after 6 months, there were not any significant changes in femoral neck and forearm (P 0. 05) Conclusion: Six months, low-load very high-repetition resistance training increased the bone density of the lumbar spine while these changes did not occur at the femoral neck and forearm. It seems that the highest impact was on BD of the lumbar spine.

Background and Objective: Given the necessity of assessing knowledge and practice of individuals to prevent the Aflatoxin contamination in pistachio in order to develop appropriate educational interventions, design and validating a standard tool is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to determine the knowledge and performance of pistachio farmer in terms of Aflatoxin contamination and the methods to prevent its production in pistachio product. Materials and Methods: In this research, initial items of instrument were designed based on literature review and interview with experts and farmers. The face validity, Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content validity Index (CVI) of instrument were determined by interview with farmers and through opinions of experts’ panel respectively. Test-retest analysis was conducted to test the stability of the instrument. Also, according to the data of 380 farmers, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed. Results: The results showed that CVI and CVR of items of instrument were ≤ 0. 79 and ≤ 0. 62 respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the data. EFA Analysis showed that KMO is suitable for 3 groups of Knowledge and also for practice. Bartlett’ s test was significant and zero hypothesis of data was rejected. According to factor load higher than 0. 3 for every question, neither of them was removed. Finally, questionnaire of Knowledge was confirmed with 18 and Practice questionnaire was confirmed with 10 questions. Conclusion: The developed instrument can be used to measure the knowledge and practice of pistachio farmers about Aflatoxin contamination, as a research tool, to be used to develop appropriate educational interventions.

Background and Objective: The students studying at the universities of medical sciences deal with numerous stressors during their educational experiences in the healthcare settings, which lead to poor mental health status and low performance. Regarding the role of students in the provision, maintenance and promotion of community health, this study was aimed to determine the self-assessment of mental health among students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 300 students of the 8600 Iranian medical sciences students were randomly selected. The data collection was performed using a demographic form and a researcher-made questionnaire on self-assessment of mental health, validity and reliability of which were obtained. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive index and analytical tests at a significant level of 0. 05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of self-assessment of students' mental health was 89. 08± 13. 12. Also 14. 7% of the students reported their mental health as poor, 70. 3% as moderate and 15% as good. The mean age of the students was 25± 6. 21 years. The mean score of dimensions of ability to overcome anger and anger, the ability to balance the rest and activity and the ability to overcome anxiety were 3. 1± 0. 08, 3. 13± 0. 97 and 3. 16± 1. 1 respectively. Also, there was a significant relationship between gender and hookah consumption with mental health (P<0. 01 and P<0. 009). Conclusion: Due to the low level of mental health in the dimensions of overcoming anger and anxiety and the student's role in securing and improving community health. The design of educational and promotional interventions to increase the anxiety management and anger management skills in the students is necessary to improve mental health of students.

Background and Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life due to its physical symptoms and psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on improving the quality of life of patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental using pretest-posttest and comparing with the control group. The study population consisted of all members of Shirvan city multiple sclerosis association (N=50) in 2017. The sample consisted of 26 volunteers who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (for each group 10 subject). Data gathering instrument was Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaire completed by the both groups before and after the intervention. Experiment group participated in 8 sessions of ACT and the control group did not receive any intervention. Covariance analysis method was used to analyze data. All analyzes were performed using SPSS-24. Results: ACT had a significant effect on improving the quality of life and dimensions of physical and mental health in the experimental group (p<0. 001). Conclusion: ACT improved the quality of life in MS patients; therefore, it is suggested to use ACT to improve the quality of life of patients with MS in addition to medical treatments.

Background and Objective: In patients with multiple sclerosis, pain is a common phenomenon and plays an important role in mental health and quality of life of these individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy and hope-based group therapy on perception of pain in patients with MS. Materials and Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest and post-test design and control group. 45 patients were randomly selected from MS patients with pain who referred to neurological and neurology specialists in Karaj, Iran, in the first six months of 2017. The participants were assigned to three groups with 15 subjects (two intervention groups and one control group). Each intervention group was treated for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive cognitive behavioral interventions and hope-based therapy. Pain perception was measured in pretest and posttest with Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Results: Independent results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and hope-based therapy had a significant effect on pain relief in MS patients (P=0. 05). Also, the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on emotional pain was significantly different from that of hope-based therapy (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The results indicated the importance of both methods, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, in reducing pain perception in patients with MS. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use both methods to reduce pain in these patients.

Background and Objective: Nowadays, arbitrary drug use is one of the most important problems in the world, including Iran. Due to the harmful effects of drug abuse, this study aimed to assess the cause of arbitrary use of drugs and anti-marketing strategies for drug use among Referrals to medical centers of social security organization in Ardabil. Materials and Methods: This is an applied, objective and a qualitative research in terms of the nature of the research. In this study, the data from interviews with 21 patients and physicians of the Social Security Clinic of Ardabil city were analyzed using the Grounded Theory Method in three stages (open coding, axial coding and selective coding). Results: The findings of this study showed that the causes of drug abuse are in six areas of economic, access, cultural-social, barriers related to health centers, awareness, experience and attitude. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, the Ministry of Health, health centers and other related areas should plan on reducing the effects of identified factors on drug abuse. This is possible through reducing the cost of treatment, increasing the coverage of the health centers in terms of geographical coverage, and mass media campaigns in the area of education and informing the society.