Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Year:2020 | Volume:30 | Issue:183|Papers Count:10

Background and purpose: Sodium enoxaparin is used in cardiac patients to prevent the progression of coronary artery obstruction. Its injection causes pain and bruises due to acidification and nurses should reduce these in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of EMLA cream and lavender oil on reducing the pain caused by injection of enoxaparin in cardiac patients in Kashan, Iran 2018. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in 75 patients with heart disease hospitalized in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into three groups to receive EMLA cream (n=25), lavender oil (n=25), and no treatment (control group, n=25). A researchermade checklist including two parts (demographic information and pain scale) was used. The severity of pain was measured immediately and 5 minutes after two intermittent injections, in 24 hour, using visual scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21 applying ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results: The findings showed no significant differences between the two groups in demographic characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, and BMI). Compared to the control group, the severity of pain was significantly lower in groups that received lavender oil (P = 0. 005) and EMLA cream (P= 0. 01). Conclusion: According to this study, lavender oil and EMLA cream could reduce the pain caused by enoxaparin injection.

Background and purpose: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffer from a variety of psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based metacognitive skills training on depression, anxiety, stress, and sense of well-being in patients with SLE. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial with pre-test/post-test design was carried out in 60 patients with SLE attending Babol Shahid Beheshti Nephrology Clinic, 2018. They were randomly divided into two groups (n=30 per group). The experimental group received weekly sessions of mindfulness-based metacognitive skills training (1 hr/ 8 weeks), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The patients’ socio-demographic information was recorded and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) were administered. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods including generalized estimator equations with autoregressive correlation structure were applied in SPSS V24. Results: In experimental group, the mean scores for depression, anxiety, and stress significantly changed after the intervention (P=0. 001). In this group, the post-intervention mean score for well-being also significantly improved (P=0. 006). Compared with the experimental group, the control group was not found with any significant changes in depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based metacognitive skills may improve depression, anxiety, stress, and sense of well-being in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background and purpose: Educational levels shape the socioeconomic status of the family and the behavioral development of children. This study investigated the relationship between parental education and violence in adolescent students in Isfahan province. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2800 high school students in Isfahan province using cluster sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic information, parental educational level, and students' violent behaviors (verbal, physical and psychological violence, Yes/No questions). Data analysis was done in SPSS v. 24 applying Chi-square test and logistic regression test. Results: After adjusting for variables, the results revealed no significant correlation between frequency distribution of violent behaviors and parental education (P> 0. 05) and the frequency distribution of these behaviors in the boys was found to be 1. 4 times more that of the girls (P< 0. 001). Conclusion: According to this study, there was no significant relationship between parents' educational level and the frequency of violent acts in their children.

Background and purpose: Periapical inflammatory lesions are localized periapical bone reactions that result from pulp necrosis and inflammation or periodontal diseases. Inappropriate treatments are often considered as one of the main factors associated with apical periodontitis. This study was done to evaluate periapical radiolucencies in panoramic radiographs. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 332 panoramic radiographs of patients attending Sari School of Dentistry (2016-2019) were assessed. The Periapical Index was used to evaluate the presence of periapical lesions. Also, the quality of treated teeth was determined by optimal quality indices. Data analysis was done in SPSS V. 016 Results: Periapical lesions (PAI = III-V) were seen in 75. 4% of the teeth investigated and in 90. 2% of teeth with root canal therapy (RCT) and 68% of untreated teeth. Periapical radiolucencies were mostly found in RCT teeth with inadequate filling density and length. The prevelance of lesions were higher in males. The presence of lesions increased in jaws from the anterior to the posterior, and the frequency of lesions was higher in the maxilla than the mandible. Conclusion: The frequency of periapical lesions in RCT teeth was very high. The findings showed that the quality of density and length of filling has a significant effect on prevelance of preapical lesions. Poor RCT leads to low success rate in the treatment of teeth.

Background and purpose: National occasions, holidays, and religious events cause changes in the course of some diseases or health-related events. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the number and pattern of poisoning in Ramadan and other months within nine years. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using the electronic records of all patients attending the Poisoning Department in Tehran Loghman Hakim Hospital 2007-2016. The quality of information was investigated and encoded according to the International Classification of Diseases. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the number of patients in Ramadan and other months. Results: Total numbers of referrals were 121256, including unintentional poisoning (23. 4%, n=28, 375), intentional self-poisoning (76. 2%, n=92446), and poisoning due to other reasons (less than 1%, n=429). In those with intentional self-poisoning, the frequency of alcohol poisoning during Ramadan was significantly lower than other months (P=0. 001). There were no significant differences between Ramadan and other months in monthly mean number of intentional self-poisoning (other than alcohol, P=0. 404), homicide by poisoning (P=0. 459) and undetermined intent poisoning (P=0. 607). But, there was a significant difference in monthly mean number of unintentional poisoning between Ramadan and other months (P =0. 04). Conclusion: Ramadan has significant moral and spiritual effects in Iran and the number of intentional self-poisoning by alcohol reduces considerably during this month.

Background and purpose: The bonding process is highly important in orthodontic treatment for its fast speed. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of ceramic and metallic brackets between three stage (transbondTM XT) and two stage (GC ortho connectTM) light cure composites. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 80 maxillary and mandibular first and second premolar teeth, extracted for the purpose of orthodontic treatment, were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 per group). All teeth were etched using 35% phosphoric acid. They were then bonded with metallic brackets with GC ortho connectTM composite (group I), and TransbondTM XT composite (group II), and ceramic brackets with GC ortho connectTM composite (group III) and TransbondTM XT composite (group IV). The shear bond strength of the brackets was measured by universal testing machine 24 hours after thermocycling and mounting procedures. The amount of resin remained on the tooth surface was determined by stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS V22 applying Kruskal– Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Results: The average shear bond strength in groups I, II, III, and IV were 18. 71± 1. 99, 19. 82± 8. 75, 18. 4± 5. 78, and 18. 5± 52. 42 MPa, indicating no significant differences between the groups studied (P> 0. 05). Also, we found no significant differences in adhesive remnant index (ARI) between all groups (P=0. 641). Conclusion: The shear bond strength of GC ortho connectTM composite was similar to that of the TransbondTM XT composite in both metallic and ceramic brackets. Therefore, GC ortho connectTM can serve as a substitute for TransbondTM XT.

Background and purpose: The Persian Diagnostic Aphasia Battery (P-DAB-1) is one of the tests available for screening and determining the severity of aphasia. The test classifies the patients in seven major diagnostic classes based on the extent of the impairment in different linguistic modalities. The present study aimed to describe the pattern of linguistic impairment in four aphasic patients according to the P-DAB-1 and compare that with the classical view of aphasia. Materials and methods: The study was done in four Persian-speaking aphasic patients who were selected by convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria were being fluent in Persian and right-handed. Patients with severe untreated visual or hearing impairments and neurological diseases affecting cognition were excluded from the study. The P-DAB-1 test was used to determine the severity and type of aphasia. Results: In this research, the participants had moderate aphasia quotient, of whom three had transcortical motor aphasia and one had conduction aphasia. The patients did not show some symptoms of a specific category according to the classical view. Conclusion: This study proves the efficiency of P-DAB-1 test and also provides evidence for the deficiencies of the classical view in determining the types of aphasia.

Background and purpose: Generational health analysis on the acquisition, application, and transfer of intergenerational values is an important issue from the perspective of religion and genetics. Healthy generation means generational solidarity and lack of disruption or crisis in generations despite generational differences. The purpose of this study was to identify the common points and solutions about healthy generation in religion and genetics. Materials and methods: This qualitative content analysis was done by studying documents. First, to find research concepts (data), religious and scientific texts were searched using the following keywords: generation, uterus, coupling, inheritance, nature, gene, genetics, and epigenetics. Data was then processed according to scientific and religious fields and analyzed on the basis of valid interpretative theories and empirical studies. Results: The creation of generation is a continuous, regular, and formative process that begins before selecting the spouse and continues until late adulthood. Religious propositions and genetic findings are similar despite having their own arguments. The study found that parental traits are transmitted through genes, but, education and behavioral patterns play significant roles in generational health. Conclusion: Specific training styles with emphasis on five stages of human life (1-pre-spouse selection, 2-spouse selection, 3-before sperm coagulation, 4-embryonic and pregnancy periods, 5-childhood to adulthood) are effective in generating health and excellence and minimizing the role of abnormal genome, and should be considered in intergenerational education.

Background and purpose: Staphylococcus aureus, as a human pathogen, can produce a wide range of infections and its treatment has become a challenge due to increased resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant (CA-MRSA) type and its antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in 974 healthy individuals, in Qaemshahr, Iran 2018. Nasal swabs were used for collecting samples. After isolating and detecting S. aureus strains, disk diffusion procedure was used with Mueller Hinton Agar plates to determine susceptibility to different antibiotics. Data analysis was done in SPSS V24. Results: S. aureus was detected in 28 cases (2. 9%), of which, five were CA-MRSA. The highest rate of resistance was observed against ceftriaxone (n=28), erythromycin (n=28) and penicillin (n=28, 100%), followed by tetracycline (n=23, 82. 1%), cephalotin (n=22, 78. 6%), and clindamycin (n=21, 75%). Conclusion: In this study, the rate of CA-MRSA was similar to previous reports and according to findings, clindamycin (oral) may no longer be useful in its treatment.

Background and purpose: Oral manifestations and their prevalence are of great importance in patients with HIV infection due to their diagnostic value and role on prognosis and monitoring patients’ immunity. All these influence patients' quality of life. The goal of this study was to investigate oral manifestations in patients with HIV/AIDS infection. Materials and methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted in patients attending counseling center for behavioral diseases in Sari, Iran 2019. Data analysis was done in SPSS V25. Results: Oral manifestations were observed in the majority of patients (96%) ranging from one to six oral lesions. The most common lesions were coated tongue (80. 4%), mucosal hyper pigmentation (38. 9%), periodontitis (26. 8%), frictional hyper keratosis and fissure tongue (24. 3%), and gingivitis and erythomatous candidiasis (19. 5%). Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with HIV/AIDS was relatively low, but there were poor periodontal conditions. Hence, appropriate oral hygiene, providing high quality dental services, and prosthodontic care are needed in these patients.