MEDICAL JOURNAL OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2020 | Volume:42 | Issue:3|Papers Count:16

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of biomarkers that involved in many biological processes and gene expression. The present study examined the effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance and resistance training on the expression of miRNA-210 and serum Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α ) level in young male athletes. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 young male athletes randomized into four groups including HIIT, endurance (EN), resistance (RES) trainings for eight weeks and also control groups. The HIIT program was consisted of 6-8 running sprints (30-60 seconds) with a 3. 5-4 min recovery. Endurance training was included on 40-30 minutes of running at 75-70% heart rate reserve. Moreover, resistance training was a circuit training program consisting of three sets of 8-6 repetitions including chest press, curls, leg press, hack press and leg extension at 80-75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were taken 24 hours pre and post intervention. Finally, the results were analyzed using one way analysis of variance and paired samples t test. Results: Serum miRNA-210 expression and HIF-1α concentration were significantly increased following to three types of training (P<0. 05). However, the amount of the observed increases were significantly higher in HIIT group rather than both EN and RES groups (P<0. 05) with no significant difference between EN and RES groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion: All three training protocols increased Serum miRNA-210 expression and HIF-1α concentration with better efficiency of HIIT proposing it as an effective training method in this area.

Background: Angiogenesis and increased capillary density of skeletal muscle is one of the potential physiological changes during the flow restriction exercise (BFR). Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of four weeks rock climbing with or without blood flow restriction on vascular endothelial growth factor and Growth Hormone in elite climbers. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 26 elite climbers (aged 25-30 years; body fat percent 8-14%; 4 years athletic training history) in a randomized and double-blind design were divided in two equal rock climbing with blood flow restriction (BFR) or rock climbing without blood flow restriction (NBFR) groups. The training protocol included three sessions per week for 4 weeks of rock climbing with a severity of 80-60% of the difficulty of the route. The cuff pressure was in the range of 40 to 100 mm Hg during rock climbing. Blood samples were obtained in the 2 phases: before and 24 hours after rock climbing protocols. Vascular endothelial growth factor and Growth Hormone were analyzed. Finally, Data were analyzed independent and independent T test. The significance level was set at p<0. 05. Results: Basal levels of GH and VEGF was significantly increased after four weeks rock climbing with BFR. However, the rock climbing without BFR had not any significant effect on the basal levels of GH and VEGF. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the rock climbing with BFR by increasing of basal levels of GH and VEGF could be increased angiogenesis process.

Background: Insect sex pheromones contain long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some types of unsaturated fatty acids have been showed anticancer effects. Angiogenesis is considered as a fundamental process in cancer growth and metastasis. Angiogenesis inhibitory effect of three insect-free pheromones alone and the incremental anti-angiogenic effect of each of them with paclitaxel were evaluated on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick in the current experimental study. Methods: Ninety fertilized eggs of Ross race were arranged into 9 groups as follows: control, dexamethasone, paclitaxel, pheromones of currant borer (Synanthedon tipuliformis); leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina L. ) and pistachio twig borer (Kermania pistaciella)-alone, and each sex pheromones plus paclitaxel. On day 8 of chick embryo incubation, 50 μ l of each compound were applied to CAMs, and their effects were evaluated on day 9. Results: Compared with controls, application of each of the pheromones alone is equally effective in reducing vessel length and branching points by 88% and 71%, respectively. Angiogenesis was suppressed (82%) by paclitaxel and stimulated (20%) by dexamethasone. Inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on vascular branching points was further increased (7%) after combination treatment with each of three pheromones. Pheromones of Z. pyrina and K. pistaciella were able to enhance (7%) antiangiogenic effect of paclitaxel. Conclusion: The direct anti-angiogenic effects of these insect pheromones and the incremental anti-angiogenic effect of each of them with paclitaxel. This antiangiogenic effect seems independent from anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, we suggest that the effect of these pheromones with paclitaxel be studied on patients with paclitaxel-resistant tumors.

Background: Exercise activity is associated with increased oxidative stress and the use of herbal supplements such as Origanum vulgare extract is proposed as a method for modifying the oxidative response. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of aerobic Training, Origanum vulgare Extract supplementation and their combination on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats in a randomly were allocated in four equal groups: Origanum vulgare, aerobic training, combined aerobic training with Origanum vulgare and control (3 and 6 month) group. The Training groups trained on a treadmill for 12 weeks and 5 sessions per week. 48 h after the last training session, groups of rats were slaughtered ethically and a blood sample was obtained. MDA, TAC, SOD and CRP levels were measured using by the ELISA method. Analysis of two-way variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were applied for statistical analysis of the data at the significant level of P < 0. 05. Results: The concentrations of SOD in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than control group. Also, the concentrations of MDA and CRP in the three experimental groups were significantly lower than control group. In addition, TAC concentration in the training group was significantly higher than control group. Also, the concentration of CRP in the combined group was significantly lower than that of the training group and Origanum vulgare groups. Conclusion: It seems that use of supplementation of Origanum vulgare extract with aerobic exercise training alleviates oxidative stress via increasing antioxidant defense and decreasing ROS.

Background: Despite the effect of PGC-1α on biogenesis of mitochondria, the mechanism of its effect on cardiac angiogenesis has not yet been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and intermittent hypoxia on the expression of PGC-1α angiogenesis-related proteins in the cardiac tissue. Methods: In an experimental study, Forty male Wistar rats weighing 220± 20 gr were randomly divided into four groups; control (C), hypoxia (H), training (T), and Hypoxia + training (H+T) groups. Hypoxia group exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (PiO2≈ 106 mmHg, simulated altitude ≈ 3400 m, 14% oxygen for 8 weeks). And exercise group ran on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 session/ week. Then, relative protein density of PGC-1α , p-AMPK, ERRα , and VEGFA were measured with Western blot method. Results: The aerobic training, intermittent hypoxia, aerobic training + hypoxia significantly increased relative protein density of PGC-1α , ERRα , and VEGFA compared to control group. Moreover, phosphorylation levels of AMPK showed an increase in all three groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Although hypoxia was an effective stimulator to induce the expression of PGC-1α and VEGFA and aerobic exercise was a potent phosphorylation inducer of AMPK, their combination did not have a synergistic effect.

Background: Parkinson’ s disease (PD) is known to affects the Body weight. These changes are due to multifactorial different mechanisms and training can affect on these disorders. In this study, is assessed the effect of short term endurance training on weight changes and mRNA expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α ) in rats model of 6-OHDA. Methods: In this empirical study, Parkinson’ s rats were made using stereotaxic device and by 8𝜇 g injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB). Thirty two male Wistar rats are assessed in experimental groups including: 1. Saline (Sham), 2. Saline+training, 3. 6-OHDA and 4. 6-OHDA+training (n=8). Training groups 2 weeks after the surgery started 14 consecutive days treadmill running. One month after the surgery, the rat’ s weight were analyzed and using of Real Time-PCR method mRNA expression levels of the metabolically and mitochondrial factors of SIRT-1 and PGC-1α , in the striatum of rats, were measured through one way ANOVA. Results: The 6-OHDA resulted in weight loss, significant decrease in expression of PGC-1α mRNA and a compensatory increase in SIRT-1 mRNA. However, endurance training in 6-OHDA+training group reduces these disorders, and increases mRNAs up to normal level in the Sham group (p≤ 0/05). Conclusion: The endurance training can reduce disorder in body weight and metabolic factors in Parkinson’ s disease.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Mammography is the most standard method for diagnosing breast cancer, which can be minimize the human error using computer systems of human error. Methods: In this paper, using the image processing techniques, the mass was detected and identified in the photograph and then intelligent system outlined its margin After removing the image noise, using the fuzzy inference system, the fuzzy edge improvement has been applied and then using the coordinate logic filter, the mass areas have been detected and shown in the image. Results: The proposed smart system have p <0. 001 for the correct diagnosis compared to the human diagnostic methods. Conclusion: The smart system results have been tested on 322 MIAS database images. In this database, 120 cases have benign and malignant tumors and 202 are healthy. The smart system was able to detect 115 cancer cases (true positive) and 190 healthy people (true negative) correctly. The number of false positive and false negative are 12 and 5, respectively. Therefore, the accuracy of the smart system for the database is 95%, and the sensitivity and specificity are 96% and 94%, respectively.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer leading to death in the world. The main goal of screening methods are to detect cancer at its early stages. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of M2pk and fecal occult blood test. Methods: The patients with recent GI complaint underwent colonoscopy divided in two groups: A: positive finding in colonoscopy B: normal colonoscopy. All the patients provided fecal samples prior to bowel preparation. Results: 102 patients with GI complaint (60. 78% male and 39. 22% female) with the mean age of 54. 14 years old were included in our study. In the group of patient with positive m2pk level 83% of them have positive FOBT (p<0. 05). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for the test of m2pk are with respect 64% / 84% / 80% / 71%, respectively and for FOBT are 84% / 82% / 83% and 84, respectively %. Conclusion: The sensitivity, PPV and NPV fecal occult blood test in predicting lower GI complications such as polyp and intraluminal mass are higher than m2pk levels. Only the specificity of m2pk levels is higher than FOBT. So the result of m2pk in prediction normal patients is higher than FOBT. Also the relation between FOBT and m2pk levels is statistically significant in prediction lower GI cancers.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of vitamin B12 among personnel working in the operating room of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan. Methods: This study was conducted on 51 personnels of Shahid Beheshti Hospital operating room. First, demographic information of the participants was obtained. Then blood samples were acquired for determining the level of vitamin B12 and subsequently, a neurologist examined the health status of the participants’ nervous system. Results: Low levels of vitamin B12 were reported in 25 participants, and 26 participants had normal levels of vitamin B12. The participants were divided into two groups: vitamin B12 deficiency group and normal vitamin B12 group. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, work experience, working hours per day, working days per week and neurological examinations (P > 0. 05). Anesthesiology technicians were at a higher risk for vitamin B12 deficiency compared to the surgical technologists, nurses and practical nurses (P < 0. 001). In all occupations, the results showing normal examinations were more than impaired examinations, but these differences were not significant (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is observed in a significant proportion of individuals in the study, and anesthesiology technicians have lower levels of vitamin B12 than other operating room personnel. There was no significant association between reduced vitamin B12 levels and neurologic complications in this study.

Background: There is a significant relationship between human intestinal bacteria and overweight, obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium residing in the mucosal layer in obese and overweight type 2 diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy or oral hypoglycemic agents comparing with healthy individuals. Methods: Forty insulin-dependent diabetic patients, 40 diabetic patients who were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and 40 healthy people were recruited based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and they were evaluated for lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and Akkermansia muciniphila bacterium. Results: The majority of all study subjects were women, non-smokers with more than four hours activity a day. They were not different in terms of demographic characteristics. FBS level was significantly higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes than in healthy subjects (P <0. 001) with no significant difference in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Cycle threshold (CT) level in both group of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (P<. 001) and there was a significant difference between two groups of diabetic patients and health subjects in terms of colony-forming unit (CFU), P = 0. 001. Conclusion: Akkermansia muciniphila abundance was higher in the healthy subjects comparing with diabetic patients and it was significantly greater in the patients treated with insulin than those who taken oral medications with beneficial metabolic effects, such as lowering FBS levels. There was no significant difference between all three study groups in terms of triglyceride, cholesterol, and BMI.

Background: Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure. Current evidence suggests that exercise training may alter apoptosis-related signaling in sensitive somatic tissues such as myocardium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of twelve weeks aerobic training on cardiac p53 and AIF gene expression in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 16 three-month-old male rats were randomly assigned into two groups of exercise (n=8; weight: 202. 3 18. 6) and control (n=8; weight: 251. 7 22. 6). Exercise group were subjected to an aerobic exercise program at the intensity of 75-80% over 12 weeks. 48 hours after the last exercise session, cardiac muscles were extracted to be analyzed for p53 and AIF mRNA expression by Real Time-PCR method. Independent t-test was applied for statistical analysis of the data and significance level was set at P<0. 05. Results: The p53 gene expression in the exercise group was significantly higher than the control group (70%, P<0. 05). Furthermore, AIF gene expression was significantly higher in the exercise group than the control (17. 54%, P<0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that 12 weeks endurance training was effective in increasing cardiac mitochondrial apoptotic protein. However, more researches are needed to identify effects of exercise trainings on indices of myocardial apoptosis.

Background: Posterior hip dislocation with femoral head fracture is among the complicated injuries. The purpose of the study was to define the common pathology of the hips with irreducible posterior dislocation combined with femoral head fracture and the outcome of surgical treatment using surgical hip dislocation technique. Methods: All the cases of irreducible posterior hip dislocation with femoral head fracture which underwent surgical hip dislocation were included in the study. Patients evaluated by Merle daubing & Postel and Thompson & Epstein scores clinical and radiographically. Results: seven men with the mean age of 31± 7 years included. The delay between injury and attempted surgery was 22 ± 14 hours. After 67 ± 10 months of follow up five patients have excellent, one has good and one fair results. Fair result was in a patient who underwent surgery with 36 hours delay from injury complicated with Femoral head osteonecrosis. Conclusion: Hip dislocation as an effective technique in managing irreducible hip fracture-dislocations.

Background: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is pathological conditions that may be due to complications of obesity in various arteries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks resistance training in different environmental conditions on endothelium progenitor cells (EPCS) (Marker of CD34), oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in overweight men. Methods: For this Purpose, 30 overweigh male students in Kermanshah city with the mean age of 19. 8± 1. 13 yr participated in this study, voluntarily. Subjects randomly assigned into 3 groups including hypoxic and normoxic resistance training, and hypoxic exposure. Participants performed the protocols 3 days per week for 8 weeks with 70% of 1RM. The oxLDL, CRP, and CD34 were measured before and after the intervention. T-test, one-Way ANOVA, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyzing the data. Results: There was a significant decrease in CRP and oxLDL levels in the hypoxic resistance (P=0. 001, P=0. 005), normoxic resistance (P=0. 003, P=0. 013) and hypoxic exposure (P=0. 003, P=0. 005), respectively. However, no significant difference was observed between variations of the groups. The cells of CD34 was increased after the hypoxic resistance (P=0. 005), normoxic resistance (P=0. 005), and hypoxia exposure (P=0. 004). No significant difference was observed between variations of the groups. Conclusion: Considering the similar effects of hypoxic exposure with other groups on study variables, it may be possible to use hypoxic exposure as a beneficial manner for some overweight individuals at the injury and special circumstances.

Background: Secreted hormons from ovary, pituitary glands and suprarenal gland may affect the follicogenesis and the number of mature oocytes and qualified embryos of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The main aim of this study was finding of correlation between the number of oocyte and embryons which gained through IVF with serum level of sex hormones and other chemical biomarkers, in addition cortisol level were detected. Methods: Forty patients underwent infertility treatment by ART were studied the data of sex and endocrine hormones were obtained by routine laboratory techniques at follicular phase. Then serum levels of cortisol were determined at ovarian puncture day by ELISA as well as he demographic data of patients were gathered. Correlation of data determined by statistical methods. Results: Biomarkers such as triglyceride, DHESA and testosterone were low in comparison with normal range as well as in high BMI cases. Correlation of cortisol with triglyceride and age showed significant negative correlation. As well as, oocyte number had significantly negative correlation with TSH. In spite of negative correlation of oocyte number with age, androstenedione, Testosterone, BMI, and DHESA, the number of oocyte had positive correlation with AMH. Conclusion: Cortisol had negative correlation with Triglyceride and Age. The number of oocyte had negative correlation with TSH. They may be predictable. Correlations of other biomarkers were not seen with cortisol significantly.

Background: Thromboembolism is a serious complication in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Education of the effective prophylaxis guidelines by physicians can be reduces the incidence of this illness in at-risk patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education on the correct prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 252 patient records. In this study, the correct prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis, according to the Harrison Principles of Internal Medicine Textbook, 19th edition (2015), was taught. This education was given to the physicians in the intensive care unit in terms of prophylaxis indications, proper dosage, type of prophylaxis and unnecessary prophylaxis. Results: Most of the patients were male (51. 59%). Their age in pre and post intervention groups was 58. 12 and 56. 58 years respectively. After the training intervention, unnecessary prophylaxis (from 7. 9% to 4. 8% (p=0. 54)], inappropriate administration of anticoagulant dose [from 51. 6% to 18. 2% (p = 0. 025), and type of anticoagulant [from 10. 3% to 4% (p=0. 038)] were reduced. Correct prophylaxis frequency was increased from 30. 2% to 73% (p= 0. 045). Conclusion: Education sessions on the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis in high-risk patients can lead to the use of correct prophylaxis and maybe it reduces the frequency of deep vein thrombosis and its complications.

Background: The mitochondrial protein sirtuin (SIRT) 3 may mediate exercise training-induced increases in mitochondrial biogenesis(activation of PGC1-α ) and improvements in free radicals (Increase of SOD) handling. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis biomarkers in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 17 male rat in a randomly and design were allocated in two equal groups: aerobic training group(AT) and control group(C). Aerobic exercise was performed on a treadmill for 12 weeks and 5 days a week with an intensity of 80-75% of maximum oxygen consumption (24-33 m/min with a 15% slope). Initially, during a five-week period, the duration of exercise was increased from 10 to 60 minutes in every day and was maintained until the end of the period. Gene expression or mRNA of SIRT3, PGC1-α and SOD2 proteins of soleus muscle tissue was evaluated by RT-PCR. Independent Sample T-test were used to determine the changes in two groups. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 18(P< 0. 05). Results: The body and muscle weight in AT were less than control group. However, the ratio of muscle weight to weight in the AT was higher than control group. Also, 12 weeks aerobic training significantly increased the expression of SIRT3, PGC1-α and SOD. Conclusion: It seems that increasing the expression of SIRT3, PGC1-α and SOD plays an important role in adaptations resulting from aerobic training.