Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Year:2020 | Volume:50 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

In order to investigate the effect of amino acids application on yield and essential oil of German chamomile under various levels of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers, an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh in 2017. The treatments were included application of chemical fertilizers, vermicompost, farmyard manure, poultry manure and mycorrhiza as the first factor and foliar application and non application of amino acids as the second factor. Results showed that the highest flower yield at the first harvest was obtained in poultry manure (225. 4 g. m-2), chemical (204. 6 g. m-2) and vermicompost (186. 6 g. m-2) treatments, respectively. At the second, third, fourth and total harvests no significant differences were observed between the applications of different types of fertilizers. The highest essential oil percentage was obtained at the first (0. 92 %), second (0. 95 %) and total harvests (0. 8 %) with vermicompost application without significant difference with farmyar and poultry manures. The highest total essential oil yield was obtained in poultry manure (4. 6 g. m-2) and vermicompost (4. 41 g. m-2) treatments. Application of amino acids led to significant increase in flower yield, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield and biological yield in all harvests as compared to non-application.

In order to study agro-meteorological indices at different phenological stages and yield of new potato cultivars in winter planting in Behbahan Agriculture Research Station an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design including 11 cultivars in three replications. The results showed that at tuber bulking stage the highest growth degree day and helio thermal unit (respectively 1003. 97 ° C day and 7301. 90° C day hr-1) belonged to Sante cultivar. The maximum photo thermal index in all studied cultivars belonged to tuber bulking stage. Evaluation the correlation coefficient between characters showed that, yield exhibited significant positive correlation with growth degree day (r=0. 387) at tuber bulking stage. The highest plant height (67. 90 cm) and minimum days to canopy closure (71. 33 days) belonged to Savalan cultivar. The highest yield (34. 28 t ha-1), heat use efficiency (18. 95 kg ha-1° C day-1) and helio thermal use efficiency (2. 06 kg ha-1° C day hr-1) were found in Savalan cultivar. According to result Savalan, Ottawa, Jelly, Georgina and Bunba cultivars are recommended for winter potato planting in Behbahan.

In order to determine the optimum water consumption in lime tree (Citrus aurantifolia), A three years field experiment in a randomized complete block design from 2006 to 2008 was conducted using drip irrigation at Minab Agricultural Research Station. Treatments consisted of four water intake: I1) full irrigation: 100% of the water intake, I2) I1 + 25%I1, I3) I1-25%I1, I4) I1-50%I1 with three replications. The plant's water requirement was calculated using the FAO-56 method and the irrigation interval was set up every two days. Based on the results, increasing the water consumption increased the yield. Significantly differences were found in yield (P ≤ 0. 01) and water productivity (P ≤ 0. 05) among the treatments. It seems in normal years (without shortage water), I2 treatment is the best due to the highest yield (6709 kg/ha), and in drought years, I4 treatment because of less water use (about 50% I1) and the highest water productivity (0. 73 kg/m3), is a good option for saving water consumption. Also, according to the results, the amount of water consumed by this plant in this region was obtained 22% more than the calculated value by the Soil and Water Research Institute.

In order to determine the effect of fulvic acid and NPK fertilizer on antioxidant activity, biochemical parameters and yield of basil, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design. The results showed that the highest of anthocyanin (21. 1 mg/g dry weight) with application of 3 per thousand of NPK fertilizer and the lowest anthocyanin (0. 95 mg/g dry weight) were obtained from control treatment. The highest antioxidant activity (76. 6%) was obtained from 5 kg/ ha fulvic acid and its lowest (70. 6%) were obtained from control treatment (no fertilizer fulvic acid and NPK fertilizer). Also the highest anthocyanin (1. 74 mg/g dry weight), chlorophyll b (1. 52 mg/g fresh weight) and total chlorophyll (2. 99 mg/g fresh weight) were obtained by application of 3 per thousand of NPK fertilizer and 10 kg ha-1 fulvic acid. Also result showed that the highest biological yield (22955 kg. ha-1) and plant dry weight (483. 8 gm-2) were obtained from treatment of 6 per thousand of NPK fertilizer and 10 kg ha-1 fulvic acid and the lowest amounts (14418 kg ha-1 and 259. 5 gm-2) from control treatment (no fertilizer fulvic acid and NPK fertilizer(

In the present study, hairy root induction from leaf and stem explants in two Hyssopus species (H. officinalis and H. angustifilius) was assessed using four Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains including A4, ATCC15834, LB9404 and 2656 on three culture media (MS, ½ MS, B5) as a factorial experimental based on a completely randomized design with three replicates. Almost all leaf and stem explants produced hairy roots. A fragment of transferred rol B was amplified through PCR from the genomic DNA extracted from transformed roots. Different A. rhizogenes strains and culture media and Hyssopus species had significant effects on hairy root percentage and root length. The highest rooting percentage (%71) and root length (4. 7 cm) were resulted from stem explants of H. angustifolius co-cultivated with the strain ATCC15834 on MS culture medium. While, the leaf explants of H. officinalis co-cultivated with the strain A4 on MS culture medium showed the rooting percentage of 55% and the root length of 1. 6 cm at most. The MS medium was the best culture medium for both species. These results can be useful in genetic manipulation of hyssop and its hairy root culture to produce high-value secondary metabolites.

This experiment established to investigate the effect of symbiosis of three mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus howei) on growth and quality of dwarf lisianthus flower (Eustoma grandiflorum ‘ Matador Blue’ ). The experiment carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three factors, mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi, concentration and bed culture in three replications. The results showed that mycorrhizal increased fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and roots, and plant height and number of buds. Chlorophyll concentration and nitrogen content also increased significantly with increasing mycorrhiza content compared to control. Generally, mycorrhiza application increased P and N content in pot lisianthus leaves. According to the results, incubation of medium with mycorrhiza significantly could improve the nutritional conditions of pot lisianthus and improve the vegetative and generative traits too.

In order to study the effect of salinity stress on morphological characteristics, absorption and transport of some nutrients of almond, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with two factors including rootstock and rootstock and scion combination in four levels (vegetative rootstocks: GF677, GN15, and tetra and seedling rootstock of bitter almond as control and Shahrood-12 on four mentioned rootstocks) and salinity of irrigation water in five levels (0. 3(control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m) were used. The results showed that increasing salinity up to 8 dS/m reduced the leaf nitrogen content of Shahroud-12 cultivar in grafted form and non-grafted rootstocks. With increasing salinity up to 8 dS/m, the highest and lowest reduction in leaf phosphorus content were observed on the control (non-grafted) GF677 and Shahroud-12 cultivars on GF667, respectively. Increasing salinity resulted in increased potassium content of Shahroud-12 on GF677 and non-grafted GF677 rootstock. The results also showed that with increasing salinity, the ratio of sodium/nitrogen in the root of the control rootstocks increased. In salinity of 8 dS/m the highest and lowest sodium/potassium ratio was observed in the seedling rootstock of bitter almond and Shahroud-12 on GF677 rootstock. The results showed that Shahroud-12 grafted onto GF677 was the most tolerance compound to salinity.

The present research was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of different amounts of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on the morpho-physiological and biochemical aspects of sweet basil. Pre-treatments of the soil with different concentrations of Cd and Pb was applied two months before starting the experiment in the greenhouse, and then seeds were sown in pots containing contaminated soil, under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that application of cadmium and lead have led to significant changes in morphological traits and reduction in physiological and quality traits including number of lateral shoots, flowering intensities and stem diameter. By increasing concentrations of Cd from 0 to 20 mg. kg-1 soils, the amount of basil cadmium from 0. 71 to 3. 6 mg. g-1DW and with increasing concentrations of Pb from 0 to 400mg. kg-1 soil, the amount of basil Pb from 0. 93 to 4. 95 mg. g-1DWwas increased. Different levels of both heavy metals have resulted in significant reduction of SPAD value (22. 95 to 13. 98) as well as in the amount of chlorophyll a (0. 755 to 0. 333 mg. g-1 FW) chlorophyll b (0. 330 to 0. 125 mg. g-1 FW) and carotenoids (0. 228 to 0. 095 mg. g-1 FW) and photosystem II in chloroplasts (0. 834 to 0. 422) decreased compared to control plants. According to the increase of Cd and Pb in the plants is harmful and associated with the serious human health, therefore preventing culturing vegetable crops in the heavy metal contaminated soils should be considered.

The CAB 6P and JASPI rootstocks belongs to Prunus genus, are very noticeable in terms of dwarfing. Due to the importance of dwarf rootstocks in fruit trees commercial production and also their mass propagation by tissue culture, this research was conducted to study the proliferation, rooting and acclimatization of these rootstocks. A factorial experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design, including the effect of MS and ½ MS media in combination with different concentrations of BA (0, 0. 5, 1 and 1. 5 mg/l) and IBA (0, 0. 1 and 0. 2 mg/l) on proliferation and also the effect of WPM and MS media in combination with different concentrations of IBA and NAA (0, 0. 5, 1 and 1. 5 mg/l) on rooting of two rootstock (JASPI and CAB 6P). Based on the results, MS medium with 1 mg/l BA + 0. 2 mg/l IBA for proliferation of both rootstocks and WPM medium containing 1. 5 mg/l IBA + 0. 5 mg/l NAA and WPM medium containing 0. 5 mg/l IBA+ 0. 5 mg/l NAA are recommended for rooting stage of CAB 6P and JASPI rootstocks, respectively.