JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Year:2020 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

The issue of the conflict of interests between shareholders and managers and the corporate governance mechanism as a solution to reduce the cost of representing it is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of many researchers and experts due to its impact on corporate performance. Considering that export development and creating common economic interests with other countries have provided guarantees for the security of companies and the country, this study examines the relationship between corporate governance with export propensity and export performance. Financial information of 160 companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2017, has been correlated using a statistical method in the form of a research. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between CEO tenure, political relationships and ownership concentration with export propensity. There is also a negative and significant relationship between board independence and ownership concentration with export performance. No significant relationship was found between CEO tenure and political relations with export performance

The rapid and continuous development of markets and competitions has changed the boundaries and dynamics of the business environment. Therefore, firms have increasingly confronted with unexpected challenges. The theory of dynamic capabilities states that firms require dynamic capabilities to success and gain competitive advantage in rapidly changing complex environments. The purpose of this study is to quantify the effect of dynamic capabilities on competitive advantage through organizational ambidexterity mediation. Organizational ambidexterity is considered as a new managerial structure, which is discussed for the competitive advantage and survival of companies and is obtained through the efforts of organizations to exploit and explore opportunities. In this research, a questionnaire was developed to collect data and the sample size was suitable for 78 subjects using G*Power software. Research data collected from Iranian export companies. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to measure the effects of variables. The paper argues that dimensions of dynamic capabilities including sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring have a positive significant effect on competitive advantage, both directly and through organizational ambidexterity. Based on the results, all research hypotheses were accepted at a minimum level of 95% confidence. This research showed that dynamic capabilities have a positive impact on gaining competitive advantage. In addition, higher dynamic capabilities will facilitate the company's ability to mobilize resources to attract opportunities and eliminate threats and help to reconfigure knowledge resources to explore and exploit.

Promoting a brand by increasing international credibility and creating competitive advantage will increase political influence, achieve export goals, attract foreign capital and develop tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to examine the effective factors on it. In this regard, the present study attempted to investigate the effect of components of knowledge including economic incentive and institutional regime, innovation system, education and human resources and information and communication technology infrastructure on the nation brand in 82 selected countries of the world during the period 2011-2017. For this purpose, the research model estimated using panel data and generalized moment’ s method. The results showed that the effect of economic incentive and institutional regime, innovation system, education and human resources and information and communication technology infrastructure on the nation brand is positive and significant. In the meantime, the impact of economic incentive and institutional regime is greater than other components of knowledge. Also, the effect of controlling variable of natural capital on the value of a brand is positive and significant.

Marketing activities to attract foreign customers in the process of exporting goods are quite common; The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of hospitals' Internet marketing activities on identifying export opportunities and expanding services export in medical tourism. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in method. In this study, after developing the research model and extracting the relevant hypotheses, a questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Face validity and divergent validity were used to assess validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability. The statistical population of the study consisted of 50 private hospitals in Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan and Shiraz. The sample size was 44 using Cochran formula. They were selected using simple random sampling. Finally, the research questionnaire was distributed among the staff of the International Patient Reception Unit. Structural equation modeling and PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results show that hospitals' internet marketing capabilities are effective in identifying export opportunities and export growth of medical tourism services. The indirect effect of internet marketing capabilities on export growth of medical tourism services was also confirmed by identifying export opportunities.

Extraversion, emphasis on knowledge-based economics, and presence in international markets have been identified as part of the Iran macroeconomic strategies to tackle issues such as unemployment, inflation and low economic growth rates. On the other hand, examination of export status of knowledge-based firms indicates that their status in international business is unfavorable. This study seeks to provide a strategic model to help the internationalization of these firms by studying the experience of successful knowledge-based companies in this field. The study is an applied, qualitative study using a systematic grounded theory strategy. For this purpose, 17 in-depth interviews with executives and elites of knowledge-based companies with successful international business experience were conducted and data were analyzed based on 96 component open, axial and selective coding methods. The analysis of the research data shows that the combination of three categories of source-based, network-based, and entrepreneurial-based components can lead to the pivotal phenomenon of sustainable international presence of knowledge-based firms. Components of organizational context, national and transnational environment are also underlying this presence, and human and institutional components are among the confounding factors. Meanwhile, by adopting customer-centric growth strategies and technological competition, firms can achieve results such as reputation, survival, growth and technological upgrading.

With increasing competition at the international level and the emergence of complex customer needs, some suppliers have changed their value proposition from product or service selling to solution selling. Since studies of the solution have each addressed different aspects of the solution, and there is no clear framework for understanding the issue because of the novelty of the debate. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to summarize and classify the main categories and concepts related to customer solution in multinational companies and provide a conceptual framework for understanding it. For this purpose, 53 cases of qualitative studies customer solution in multinational companies analyzed by content analysis and their codes extracted using Meta– Synthesis method. Then the codes that conveyed a similar concept categorized into 13 concepts. Related concepts also categorized into 5 categories. The findings of the research showed that the customer solution framework has five main components: " configuration of strategic capabilities", "configuration of solution networks", "modularity of solution delivery", "solution processes and templates" and "uncertainty and tensions of solution” . These components find meaning in an interconnected framework and provide the basis for successful International business transition from selling products and services to delivering customer solutions.

Regarding the growing population and widespread consumption growth around the world, supply chain networks have changed to extensive networks, but the components of these networks have made severe environmental problems. Sustainable supply chain management is one of the emerging concepts in production and operations which improves environmental and social performance as well as economic performance. Hence, manufacturers should strive to employ it. Considering the reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain can be practicable to reduce waste or to exploit corrupted items. This issue is less discussed in the agricultural supply chain. The present paper develops and solves a multi-objective and multi-period linear integer programming model for optimizing aggregate forward and reverse apple logistics network. It consists of three levels (gardens, distribution centers, and internal and external customer areas) in forward flow and two levels (composting centers and the compost markets) in reverse flow. The model also considers all aspects of carbon dioxide emissions throughout the entire supply chain network and proposes a fair and reasonable balance between economic, social, and environmental goals.