Journal of Animal Research
Year:2019 | Volume:32 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

For geometric morphometric comparison of Transcaucasian Chub, Squalius turcicus in Ghezel-Ozan, Kasma, Palangabrud, Talvar, Tonekabon, Chalakrud, Divandareh, Zalkie, Zarinrud, Sefiedrud and Shafarud and Noor rivers of south-western Caspian Sea basin, 243 specimens were catched by a seine nets. After anesthetizing in 1% clove oil solution and fixing in 10% neutralzed formalin, specimens were transferred to the Isfahan University of Technology Ichthyology Museum (IUT-IM) for further studies. To study the variation of body shape based on geometric morphometric methods, 13 landmarks were defined on the two-dimensional images taken from the left side of samples using the TpsDig2 software. After Procrustes analysis (GPA), digitized data were analyzed using multivariate analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), canonical correlation analysis (CVA) and cluster analysis, also, network deformation changing configuration patterns of population compared to form of the consensus by visualization. Results showed significant differences between the populations studied. The major differences in body shape of the studied populations were related to the head and body depth, and position of the pectoral, anal and dorsal fins. The observed changes are due to adaptation to the habitat, which has been influenced by different habitat conditions and has shown different body shapes.

The current study was designed to evaluate the potential of chemopreventive activity of Carum carvi L. essential oil against the liver injuries induced by iron oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats. In this study, twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group was received only DMSO soluble; non-treated group was received iron nanoparticles (Fe2O3), pretreatment group was received iron nanoparticles (Fe2O3) plus caraway essential oil in two different doses 100 and 200 mg/kg b. w (E. O100 and E. O200). 72 hours after injection, the liver and blood tissues of rats were separated. Liver injuries were determined by biochemical parameters such as glutation (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LP), total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and also antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Histopathology analysis also assessed the different degrees of liver damage. The injection of iron oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced FRAP and GSH levels, but considerably increased LP level. In contrast, pretreatment rats with caraway essential oil improved the levels of GSH and LP significantly to normal levels. Pathological consequences also represented a decrease in the liver necrosis. The caraway essential oil protected the liver against oxidative damages induced by iron nanoparticles, and the liverprotection effect associated with the antioxidant activities of the essential oil.

Knowledge of the normal anatomy of various animal species is mandatory for the detection of abnormalities and diseases. Traditionally, the anatomy information obtained by autopsy, but now these information can be largely provided by new, fast, accurate and non-invasive techniques in live animals. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two common examples of these techniques. In this study, normal bone structure of the anterior and posterior limbs of Caspian Pond Turtle was assedssed by CT scan imaging. Five adult sepcimens of Caspian Pond Turtle were included in this study and their anatomy were assessed using a 16-slice CT scans. Turtles were anesthetized by Ketamine 10% at a dose of 25 mg/kg and diazepam at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. Turtles were positioned and cross sectional images provided. The anatomical structure of the anterior and posterior limb of the Caspian Pond Turtle, including shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, hand, pelvic, femure, legs and fingers is explained.

Diabetes mellitus in many countries among adults aged 20-70 is the main cause of blindness, amputation and chronic renal failure. Increasing blood glucose and entering glucose into the polyol pathway, is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes complications. Since the key enzyme in this pathway is aldose reductase, the use of plant or chemical compounds that reduce the activity of this enzyme can be used as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset of chronic complications of diabetes. In this study, the effect of Gundela tournefortii crude extract and its different fractions in Lorestan province and also several anti-diabetes drugs on inhibition of Aldose reductase enzyme were investigated. For this purpose, firstly, the phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of crude extract and various fractions were determined. In the next step, the cow lenses were extracted, the aldose reductase enzyme was isolated by Hayman-Kinoshita method and the inhibitory effect of the compounds on the activity of the enzyme was determined. Then, using the kinetics of the enzyme, the type of inhibition of the ethyl acetate fraction was determined. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has the highest amount of phenol and flavonoid compounds and the highest capacity for the DPPH radical scavenging. Also, this fraction has the highest inhibitory effect on aldose reductase enzyme activity with IC50 = 0. 019 mg/ml. This fraction had uncompetitive inhibition with D-glyceraldehyde, but it showed competitive inhibition to NADPH. Anti-diabetic drugs have been shown do not significantly affect the inhibition of the enzyme and are likely to affect other mechanisms of diabetes.

In this study eight microsatellite DNA loci were used to examine the population genetic structure of Acanthopagrus curvieri, . 170 individuals from four sites in Persian Gulf an one site in Oman Sea were analyzed. The results Showed that number of Na and Ne in locus were ow. But observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and gene diversity of were medium. The results of analysis of molecular variance pairwise RST values indicate that, hat 87. 54% of the genetic variation contained within populations and 13. 46% occurred among populations. The Boushehr and Genaveh and Dayer populations were not significantly different from each other, but significant different from the other population, and khor mosa and genaveh samples were also not significantly different from each other, but significantly different from all other samples. The samples were collected form Bandrabbas site was significant different from all other samples in Persian Gulf. The gene flow were estimated (Nm) indicted that existence of high gene flow among populations from 0. 994 to 11. 114. Neighbourjoining analysis clustered the bandarabas samples far from the others while population collections from Persian Gulf were clustered in one clade. In summery bandarabas population were distinct population from Persian Gulf population.

In this study, appropriate genetic co(variance) structure across ages of milk and fat yields in five lactation periods of Iranian Holstein cows was determined using 53138 records originated from 1510 sires and 4835 dams. These data were collected by Iranian Animal Breeding Center from 436 dairy herds. These cattle were born in two years: 2005 and 2006 in various provinces. The milk production records in the first to fifth lactation were 50578, 35970, 24337, 15445 and 8012 kg, respectively. While the fat milk records were 19463, 17935, 14451, 10729 and 6322 kg, respectively. To determine the best model for genetic analysis of the aforementioned traits, unstructured multivariate, prestructured multivariate and repeatability models were used. To study the importance of fixed and random effects on milk and milk fat yields, univariate model was applied. In this model, the fixed effects of birth year, birth month, calving year, number of milking, state and herd-calving year, calving season had significant effects on the milk and milk fat yields. The animal effect was fitted as the only important random effect. The best multivariate model was selected based on Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), accordingly a tree variate model was the best model for genetic analyses of both milk and milk fat yields compared to other models including an unstructured multivariate model. Based on this model, heritability for milk production in the five lactations was respectively, 0. 21, 0. 15, 0. 12, 0. 11 and 0. 11 and for milk fat were evaluated as 0. 15, 0. 12, 0. 11, 0. 09 and 0. 09, respectively. Based on the results derived from the best models, the milk and milk fat yields are genetically partitioned into 3 different groups including 1 sth nd lactation, 2 lactation and the later consisting of rd th th 3, 4 and 5 lactations. Accordingly, accuracy of genetic evaluation of the Iranian Holstein cows can be improved when the milk and milk fat yields measured at second and third lactations as well as the first lactation. Unity genetic correlation was estimated among the milk and milk fat yields measured at 3 rd th th, 4 and 5 lactations. Therefore, the selection accuracy not be increased using the later records after 3 rd lactations including th th 4 and 5 lactations.

In this research, the content of glycerol were investigated in two amphipod species of Gammarus pseudosyriacus and Gammarus bakhteyaricus from Khersonak and Kalicheh during different seasons for one-year. The samples were dried, extracted and then injected into high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determination glycerol content. The glycerol contents were 91. 69, 3. 72, 29 and 24. 28 µ g/mg wet weight for G. pseudosyriacus and 28. 86, 9. 57, 40. 81 and 2. 81 µ g/mg wet weight for G. bakhteyaricus at spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The high amount of alcoholic sugar with low molecular weight has distinct relation with diapause and anhydrobiosis. In the beginning of autumn, the organisms produce these protective components and receive to maximum in the late autumn. The glycerol was consumed as ant-freezing agent in winter and reach to lowest amounts. It seems that G. pseudosyriacus increased the glycerol in the middle of spring to survive probably against to thermal shocks and desiccation that decrease in summer. The reason of these peaks could be attributed to various environment parameters, such as gradual fluctuations in water/air temperature. Another reason may be associated with rate of glycerol consumption in these two examined amphipods. This study showed that the amphipods are suitable organisms for monitoring of aquatic environments by measuring of biochemical components, especially glycerol.

Nowadays, the use of natural immunostimulants has been increased for the enhancing immune status in fish to cope with diseases. Probiotics are known as the microbes that are beneficial to the host and are used as an alternative to chemicals and antibiotics in fish farming. The effects of Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on total immunoglobulin, total protein, albumin and globulin were studied for 42 days in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with an average weight of 30 ± 10 g. Fish were divided into 4 groups with two replicates after two weeks of adaptation. The first group was fed on diet supplemented with Pediococcus asidilactici bacteria at concentration of 10 7 CFU/g, the second group received Saccharomyces cerevisiae at concentration of 7 10 CFU/g, the third group fed on diet supplemented with combination of Pediococcus asidilactici and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration of 10 7 CFU/g, and the fourth group was considered as a control group. The results of this study showed that the use of supplements increased the total immunoglobulin parameters, total protein, albumin and globulin in the mucus of common carp, but these changes were not statistically significant compared to the control group, according to Duncan test (P≥ 0/05).