JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:2|Papers Count:16

Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on cardiovascular variables in elderly women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vitamin D deficiency. Materials & Methods: A total of forty women (60-65 years) with NAFLD (second or third grade) and vitamin D deficiency were recruited for the study. Participants were randomly assigned to four AT+Vit D, AT, Vit D, and control (C) groups and were allocated to receive either vitamin D (∼ 50000 IU • week for eight weeks) or placebo. The aerobic training protocol consisted of 40-60 minutes of aerobic training at 60%-75% of HRmax, 3 times a week for eight weeks. Anthropometric indices along with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured and mean of arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated. Results: AT+Vit D, Vit D and AT groups demonstrated a significant decrease in SBP, DBP, and HR, (P < 0. 05) while, C group showed a significant increase in the mentioned variables (P < 0. 05). Also after 8 weeks, AT + Vit D and AT groups showed significant decrease in the mean of MAP (P = 0. 001; P = 0. 018). Compared to the control group, significant differences in the SBP, DBP, and HR were observed in all groups. The mean SBP was significantly lower in AT+Vit D group comparing with AT, Vit D, and C groups. Also, no significant differences were observed between AT and Vit D groups in all variables. Conclusion: AT developed significant improvement in cardiovascular variables indicating SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR in elderly women with NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency. Meanwhile, AT combined with Vit D decreased SBP more significantly that might be incorporated in the management programs of the patients suffering from NAFLD in order to augment improvement in their blood pressure.

Recent advances in science and technology caused the Revolution in many different fields of science and Industry. The term lab on chip or performing difficult analyses only in a short time and in a small space is an expression which becomes very common in recent years. Today, the things which were wishes in the past, are becoming real and inserted in the real life of humankind. In this article, it is tried to study and discuss a special kind of lab on chip technology, which is called microfluidic (or microchannel). Although this is a vast technology, and it was inserted in many branches of Science and Industry, but here, we have discussed only the applications of this technology in medical and biological diagnostic fields. In this article, we have especially surveyed the devices which were made based on this technology for DNA analysis, devices for detection based on separation, devices for cell sorting and handling and devices for protein-based applications.

Background & Objective: Approximately 40-50% of infertility is due to male factor infertility that abnormal sperm chromatin structure as a major cause of infertility has been suggested. Protamines are the major components of sperm chromatin and play a central role in the correct chromatin packaging. Several studies have shown that the protamine deficiency in sperm is associated with low sperm quality and infertility. Considering the importance of protamine infertility, the purpose of this review article was to study the protamine content and it’ s biological significance in male fertility. Materials & Methods: Published papers by researchers in the Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed databases were collected from 1874 to 2018, and the best and most efficient papers were considered for this study. Results: Several studies have shown that there is a significant reverse relationship between protamine deficiency in sperm with fertilization and pregnancy rate following assisted reproduction techniques and central cause of protamine deficiency in sperm is due to the increase of oxidative stress which consequently causes to DNA damage. Conclusion: Treatment with antioxidants can reduce oxidative stress in infertile men, and improve sperm parameters, sperm protamine content, and DNA integrity.

Background & Objective: Marine algae contain bioactive compounds that produce a variety of metabolites. These metabolites have diverse biological activities. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide of sulfates produced by algae, and its biological activity has been studied extensively. Fucoidan is a sulfate-rich poly-saccharide containing a variety of compounds including, galactose, zylose, glucuronic acid and fucose. Materials & Methods: Fucoidan has therapeutic properties that increase their healing properties with their degree of sulfation. Anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and adjuvant properties in many species of algae have been proven to have an effect on cell proliferation and cellular regimens and the regulation of various metabolic pathways. Results: This polysaccharide has beneficial effects on human health and therefore is used in cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries. Non Toxicity is an important feature of Fucoidan, which is used as a confident structural compound that is a product of safety for consumption. Conclusion: Today, a variety of Fucoidan compositions have been made; a variety of beverage, tablets, and capsules are now available on the market. It is hoped that more complete studies and clinical trials will be carried out for better utilization of this combination in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Background & Objectives: Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes a phenomenon in which small priming doses of ionizing radiation (IR) reduce detrimental effects of subsequent higher doses. Since IR-induced carcinogenesis is a main concern in the low-dose radiation risk assessmen, the aim of this study was to investigate the RAR with the end points of carcinogenesis and the related genomic damages and evaluation of the effective in-vivo mechanisms in this phenomenon. Materials & Methods: The present review article was performed by using the research and review articles indexed in Pubmed, Google scholar, Science direct. In this review article, some resent studies related to RAR with end points of carcinogenesis in different species of mice and human lymphocytes has been investigated. Additionally, in the present review article, the role of important in vivo mechanisms involved in adaptive response, namely DNA repair, bystander effect and endocrine system hormones such as glucocorticoids has been investigated. Results: These studies, often revealed efficient induction of RAR by chronic or repeated low-dose priming irradiation. Conclusion: Current radiation protection regulations do not include RAR because of the large variability in expression among individuals and uncertainties of the mechanism. However, in the future, RAR should be regarded as an indispensable factor for estimation and control of individual IR sensitivity.

Background & Objective: It has been shown that glial activation has important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’ s disease. S100B is an astrocyte specific factor with deleterious effects on the neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system. Arundic acid is an agent that inhibits the secretion and production of S100B in astrocytes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of S100B in the cyto-protective effects of Arundic acid against beta-amyloid in 1321N1 astrocyte cell culture. Materials & Methods: Human astrocyte cells (1321N1) were treated with beta-amyloid (200 μ M) and / or Arundic acid (50 μ M) for 24 hours. Cell viability was measured using the MTT (3, 4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method. The S100B protein level was measured by the ELISA method. Results: Beta-amyloid treatment reduced cell survival compared to the control-treated groups. In contrast, the addition of Arundic acid to beta-amyloid suppressed the beta-amyloid-induced cell death. Beta-amyloid also increased the S100B protein level. However, Arundic acid prevented the rise of S100B protein level induced by beta-amyloid. Conclusion: The reduction of S100B protein secretion may be involved in the protective effects of Arundic acid against the beta-amyloid induced Glio-toxicity in the astrocyte culture.

Background & Objective: Nowadays, due to the epidemic of sports supplements, the effects of these supplements on total antioxidant capacity require analysis and evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is the effect of L-Arginine supplementation on indices of delayed-onset muscle soreness after one-session exhaustive aerobic training in inactive men. Materials & Methods: The population of this quasi-experimental are 20 male that were selected on a voluntary basis. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of L-arginine (n = 10) and placebo (n = 10). The subjects participated in three phases of aerobic activity. Blood samples were collected during the first phase before and after aerobic test, but in the second and third phases after receiving three days supplementation and placebo immediately after aerobic running. For extraction of results the ANOVA with repeated measures and paired t-test were applied and the significant level set as P<0. 05. Results: The results indicate that after the pre and post Stage one (before receiving of supplementation and placebo), a significant difference was found in serum creative kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neutrophil counts in both groups. The results between groups indicated that there was a significant difference between two groups in the return of the primary state in blood lactate and heart rate. Also the results shows that CK, LDH and neutrophil counts in LArginine supplementation group was significantly lower than Placebo group after the resistance exercise session. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that l-Arginine supplementation can cause a significant decrease in indices of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Background & Objectives: One of the most important of heart problems is related to the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques. One of the underlying factors in this regard is bacterial infections. Many studies indicate the association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and the creation of plaques; it is one of the most important organisms in the development of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae and those relation with coronary atherosclerosis. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive case-control study, serum samples were collected from two groups of patients (108 patients) and healthy subjects (108 persons). Anti-Chlamydia pneumonia antibody titers were evaluated; patients under study were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Both groups were matched in terms of the age and sex to reduce possible interactions. Results: In the evaluation of IgG antibody titers by ELISA and comparison between the two groups, the positive titers were 88. 2% in the case group and 60. 5% in the healthy subjects; this percentage was 74. 6% in all subjects. The results of the two groups were statistically significant (P ≤ 0. 005). Conclusion: Regarding the significance of the results in comparison between the patient and the control group, it can be argued that the presence of Chlamydia pneumonia can have a significant relationship with the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Despite the controversial findings in this regard, precise molecular studies can reveal possible mechanisms for the association of bacterial infections and the development of atherosclerosis.

Background & Objective: Obesity causes heart muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin supplement on expression of PGC1α , FoxO3a, MuRF1, MAFbx as regulators of cardiac muscle atrophy of rats. Materials & Methods: 12 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: obese (n = 6) and curcumin supplement (n = 6) after eight weeks of using high fat diet. The rats received curcumin for eight weeks and 150 mg / kg daily. The expression of genes was performed using Real Time-PCR technique. The expression of genes was calculated using the 2-Δ Δ CTmethod. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the variables among the study groups. Results: The administration of curcumin resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of genes of FoxO3a (P = 0. 008), MAFbx (P = 0. 02), MuRF1 (P = 0. 001), and a significant increase in PGC1α gene expression (P = 0. 004). Conclusion: Probably, administration of curcumin can be used to suppress heart muscle atrophy due to obesity by controlling the muscle atrophy pathway.

Background & Objective: During recent decades antimicrobial resistance has become a worldwide problem to public health. The prescribing pattern of antibiotics by health care professionals is one of the main factors which affecting antimicrobial resistance. Evidences show the inappropriate use of antibiotics by dentists and could result to the antimicrobial resistance Materials & Methods: The aim of this study was to determine GDPs’ knowledge and practice of antibiotic prescribing by Dentists in Tehran and find the main cuases of irrational prescription and then try to improve policies and education. A questionnaire was sent to 450 participants and receive 270 acceptable cases. The Data were analyzed using T test, ANOVA, by SPSS version 10. Results: Based on prescription of antibiotics for clinical sign data, the mean knowledge score was 4. 2, the majority of dentists would prescribe antibiotics for acute pulpitis(78. 9%), Acute periapical infection (75. 2%), cellulitis (70. 1%) and acute ulcerative gingivitis (67. 4%) and 21%, 19. 7%, 11. 8% of respondents always prescribed antibiotics after prolonged root canal therapy, retreatment and after all root canal therapy. 3. 8% of respondents answered all the questions of prophylactic antibiotic coverage correctly. The drug of choice for these cases was 2g Amoxicillin (75. 2%). Conclusion: we found the knowledge of General dental practitioner is inadequate about antibiotic therapy and is recommended a reform of their curriculum for further effective education and holding update continuing education programs.

Background & Objective: Nowadays, gene therapy has been considered as a novel therapeutic approach. Particularly, following the introduction of immunotherapy and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 platform great attention has been directed to gene therapy. However, finding an efficient carrier with low toxicity is still one of the major challenges for researchers. Among non-viral gene carriers, polyethyleneimine (PEI) could be considered as the most studied polycationic compound for gene delivery. However, toxicity, lack of targeting and non-specific interactions with serum components limit its wide application. Therefore, PEI structure must be modified through chemical conjugations. In this study, conjugation of hydrocortisone on the polymer structure was carried out in order to direct the carriers into the cell nucleus. Materials & Methods: Hydrocortisone was conjugated onto polyethylenimine followed by the grafting of the targeted PEI domain onto another unmodified polymer via succinic acid linker. The conjugate was characterized in terms of buffering capacity, zeta potential, particle size, protection of DNA against enzymes and condensation ability. Results: The results demonstrated that the conjugates could condense plasmid DNA successfully and form nanoparticles with the size of around 300 nm. Meanwhile, the conjugates showed higher buffering capacity compared with the unmodified polymer. Also, the protection ability of the conjugates was significant rather than the parent polymer. Conclusion: According to the results, design and synthesis of the PEI derivative with two separated domains responsible for targeting and plasmid condensation could be considered as an efficient strategy to create nano gene delivery systems.

Background & Objective: Mesanchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from a variety of human adult tissues and potentiate to self-replicate and differentiate into different cell types. Retinoic acid (RA) is important in embryonic development of pancreas. The effect of RA on transdifferentiation of rat bone marrow mesanchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) into the beta cells was studied. Materials & Methods: Rat BMMSCs were prepared by flashing method and confirmed by evaluating of BMMSCs surface markers. BMMSCs were treated in four groups by: 1) rat pancreatic extract (RPE) (250μ g/ml) 2) RPE (250μ g/ml) + RA (10μ M), 3) no treated group as control and 4) ethanol 10% as vehicle and RA(10μ M) as control. Insulin secretion was evaluated by ELISA assay. Insulin expression (RT-PCR) were determined. Results: RT-PCR results showed that insulin expression in RPE and RPE + RA groups. Insulin releasing in group RPE + RA was significantly more than group 1, (p-value < 0. 05), Wilcoxon test. . Conclusion: Our study showed that RA can promote differentiation of the BMMSCs into the insulin producing cells invitro.

Background & Objective: Previous studies indicated that Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express some of the nicotinic receptor subunits and adenosine receptors. Therefore, MSCs function may be controlled by two very consuming environmental substance like nicotine (nicotinic receptor-agonist) and caffeine (adenosine antagonist). The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of nicotine or caffeine on the some of the function of MSCs. Materials & methods: The mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of NMRI. The cells were incubated with caffeine (0. 1mM) and or with nicotine (0. 1μ M) for 48 hours. In a set of experiments, the cells were trypsinized and the vitality, the biological activity of cell membranes and the potentials mitochondrial redaction of them were assumed. In another experiments, the cutler plates were scratched with tip of the sampler, and the regeneration velocity of scar was evaluated by an optical camera. Results: Treatment of MSCs with nicotine caused a significant increase in the absolute number of MSCS, concurrent with an increase in mitochondrial function. While caffeine decreased the vitality of cells, it also promoted a significant reduction in mitochondrial activity of remnant live cells. Nicotine induced a significant reduction in membrane activity of cells, while caffeine treatment exhibited a marked raise in neutral red uptake by MSCs compared to neutral red uptake by control cells. Regenerative assay showed that nicotine markedly promoted the regenerative potential of MSCs, while caffeine markedly reversed the regenerative potential of MSCs. Conclusion: It seems that nicotine at used dose promoted the regenerative potential of MSCs, while caffeine had a revers effects.

Background & Objective: Several evidence has indicated the effective role of exercise on Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. An aberrant expression of some Micro-RNAs such as increasing miR-301a in MS, with an impact on inflammatory pathways leading to the creation of inflammation in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined eight-week (aerobic and resistance) exercise on expression of miR-301a and some indicators of motor function in women with multiple sclerosis. Materials & Methods: A total of 22 women with MS, who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, participated in this study. The experimental group performed 8 weeks (4 days per week) of combined training. Expression of miR-301a was measured before and after the training period using Real-Time PCR method. Pre-and post-intervention scores of tests (TUG), (6MWT), (10– MWT) and status scale (EDSS) were independent t-test recorded and analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed, the expression of miR-301a was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0. 001). Tests TUG (P = 0. 001), 6MWT (P = 0. 002) and degree of disability EDSS (P = 0. 015), were significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the 10MWT test between the two group (P = 0. 678). Conclusion: The combined exercise for women with MS have been beneficial and improve motor function and reduce the expression of miR-301a. So, do it, plays an important role in reducing inflammation and prevent the progression of the disease Ms.

Background & Objective: The use of anabolic steroids causes damage to various tissues, including the kidneys. Aim of present study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with consumption of crocin on catalase and glutathione peroxidase in kidney tissues of nandrolone poisoned rats. Materials & Methods: Thirty rats selected and assigned to 6 groups 1) nandrolone, 2) nandrolone + training, 3) nandrolone + 12. 5 mg/kg crocin, 4) nandrolone + 25 mg/kg crocin, 5) nandrolone + training + 12. 5 mg/kg crocin, and 6) nandrolone + training + 25 mg/kg crocin. Groups 2, 5 and 6 performed resistance trainings for eight weeks and three sessions per week and groups of 3 to 6 received daily doses of crocin. To analyze the findings of the study, one-way ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc tests were used (p≤ 0. 05). Results: 12. 5 mg/kg crocin, 25 mg/kg crocin, training + 12. 5 mg/kg crocin and training + 25 mg/kg crocin have significant effect on reduction of catalase (p=0. 001), training, training + 25 mg/kg crocin have significant effect on increase of glutathione peroxidase (p=0. 001) also training + 25 mg/kg crocin rather than training + 12. 5 mg/kg crocin has more effect on increase of glutathione peroxidase (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Although resistances trainings with consumption of 25 mg/kg crocin have an interactive effect on increase of glutathione peroxidase; however, resistance training, crocin consumption and the simultaneous use of crocin and resistance training reduce catalase in the kidney tissue of nondronean poisoned rats.

Background & Objective: Patients’ satisfaction is a key factor in the evaluation of health system’ s quality in developed countries. The purpose of the presnt study was to investigate Patients’ satisfaction with services provided at pharmacies in the city of Kashan and related elements. Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 440 patients who referred to pharmacies in the city of Kashan were surveyed randomly. The questionnaire was composed of 44 items and focused on four dimensions: patients’ expectations from the pharmasict, pharmacist’ s communication skills, consultations offered by the pharmacist, and the location and physical environment of the pharmacy. In order to analyze the data of this study, SPSS software version 20, and parametric and ANOVA tests were used. Results: Patients’ highest expectations were courteous behavior from the pharmacist and the personnel (92/7%), low wating time (92%), explanation for medication indications (85%), and explanation on how to use the medications (82/5%). Patients’ satisfaction elements with the highest score were cordial and pleasant attitude of the pharmacist (78. 9%), labeling the medications by the pharmacist (78%) and the illumination inside the drugstores facility (93%). Conclusion: The city of Kashan has variable levels of satisfaction with the quality of pharmacy services. To increase levels of satisfaction, it is necessary to provide appropriate training in pharmacies and quality of services promted in all domains.