DANESHVAR RAFTAR
Year:2007 | Volume:14 | Issue:24 (SPECIAL EDITION EDUCATION 8)|Papers Count:9

This research purpose was to identify educational indices for primary education. To this aim, two studies were performed. The first study analyzed the educational goals as well as the books written for primary education, gathered teachers’ and experts’ views on the subject and identified the first draft of educational indices. The second study gathered specialists’ views in five educational dimensions of ideological, moral, cultural- artefact, social, and political. As a result, based on specialists’ views, among 112 proposed indices, only 49 were accepted.

This research aimed to compare undergraduate students’ beliefs about simple knowledge, certain knowledge, innate ability and quick learning. To this aim date gathering about four general beliefs of students concerning the nature of science and learning in period of time was done through a survey method first, and a cross sectional method afterwards. Data was gathered through survey and cross sectional methods. The results were analysed by descriptive as well as referential statistics. 305 available undergraduate students filled out Shomer’s Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (1993). Analysed results showed mo significant difference between freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior students’ beliefs. Gender and marital status did not play a significant role in students’ epistemological beliefs differences whereas students’ field of study did.

One of the major points emphasized in almost all scientific approaches to educational systems is the fact that students should change along with social expectations and production cycle. The education process should be designed in a way to minimize the rate of inefficacy and energy loss. Underachievement as a major educational problem throughout the world wastes many resources. This problem exists in our universities too. Too explore factors affecting students’ underachievement 60 students (39 male, 21 female) with at least three consecutive semesters of underachievement were studied. A second sample of 52 overachieving students (25 male, 27 female) was also studied for comparison purposes. The research instruments were personal information questionnaire, Coppersmiths self-esteem questionnaire, and adults Raven intelligence test. Results showed higher I.Q., higher self-esteem, and higher academic background for overachievers. Results also showed that 88.8 percent of underachievers were non-local and 53.8 percent of overachievers were local students. Female students outperformed male students.

Present study was designed to investigate the effects of three teaching- learning approaches including; discovery, interactive and transmission approaches on the students learning performance in biology lesson. In this quasi- experimental research three experimental groups (N1=60, N2=71, N3=63) were used in order to identify any significant difference between the students learning performance who have been taught with these three approaches. To answer the study question, a sample of 194 students were selected and divided into 3 groups: With discovery teaching- learning approach 60 students, with interactive teaching-learning approach 71 students, and with the transmission teaching- learning approach 63 students have been taught. Results showed the learning performance of the students with the discovery teaching- learning approach is more than the other groups and the learning performance of the students with interactive teaching-learning approach is more than the transmission, teaching=Learning approach The Scheffe test also showed a significant difference between the mean score of the learning performance in these three groups. Furthermore, the discovery teaching-learning approach promotes the high level learning skills such as constructing hypothesis, analysis, judgment, and skillful practice among students more than the other two approaches.

The purpose of this research was to assess reading needs of urban and rural novice literates in Isfahan province. The novice literates’ reading needs in social, cultural, economic, health, personal, art, religious and vocational issues were studied. A escriptive-survey research method and Delphi technique were employed. Statistical population consisted of all novice literates in the province during 1382-83 academic year from which a sample of 456 was selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher- made questionnaire including 120 clozed items based on Likert scale which its reliability coefficient was estimated 0.85 in a pilot study. To analyze the data both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were utilized. Findings indicated that reading needs of the examinees in social, health, personal and religious subjects, with a probability rate of 99% were more than average level. A comparison of mean scores of different reading needs confirmed religious and health needs as the highest (with mean scores of 3.53 and 3.45 respectively). And cultural and art needs as the lowest reading needs (with mean scores of 2.53 and 2.47 respectively).

The present research, has tried to evaluate the performance of the middle school students’ councils in attracting students cooperation committees through dividing the council into eight cooperation committees. The research method used is descriptive observational and the research sample comprised of thirty middle schools in city of Isfahan from which the students were selected through cluster sampling proportionate to the volume and simple random sampling. The research instrument was the observation check-list and collected data were analysed through descriptive and inferential methods. The major findings of the research were: 1) Students cooperation with socio-political committee was low, and with educational, and scientific, welfare, aid and hygiene were medium whereas students’ cooperation with religious and cultural, sports, administrative and disciplinary were considered high. In addition, the average cooperation of students in propagation and ceremony committees were very high.2) Inferential analysis, showed an effective and significant students’ cooperation with cultural and religious, sports, propagation and ceremonies, and disciplinary committees rating higher than the average cooperation.3) Inferential analysis also showed a significantly higher rate of students’ cooperation in propagation and ceremonies committee depending on the school type (girls), the principal’s experience (over 5 years), the principal’s gender (female), gender of the principle assistant (female) and the principle’s representative in students’ council (cultivation instructor), in welfare, assistance and hygiene committees depending on the gender of the principle’s representative in students’ council variable (female) and in disciplinary committees depending on the principle’s experience (over five years) variable as well as the principle’s gender variable (female).

This research aimed to study and identify the principles as well as the approaches and methods for sexual education in Islam through a documentary analysis. The statistical universe was all related Islamic texts. Research instrument has been indexing and no sampling has been made. Collected information was qualitatively analyzed and the following results were obtained: The principles of sexual education in Islam consist of ten bases and they form twenty principles and ninety six educational methods. The ten bases are: the effects of conditions on man, the effects of man on conditions, weakness, eagerness for generation continuing, mans sexual capacity differences, man’s inherent love for opposites sex, need, thoughtfulness, and the process of man’s development. Finally the research findings were submitted to fifteen religious school theologians and university professors which were ultimately approved by them.

Higher education has a high position in growth and the development process of countries and admired by all nations and governments. Postgraduate studies, among different higher education studies, play a very significant and excellent role, because it undertakes the training of specialists in the field of education, research, and services. In recent years, the growth of postgraduate study in quantity is increasing and now the quality of it is considered by policy makers. Because postgraduate courses are divided into two educational (passing approved courses) and research (presenting dissertation) courses, dissertation development process and particularly the quality and the way supervisors guide students is also an important matter that is necessary to be investigated. The present research has been done to study the supervisors’ guidance quality in postgraduate studies in accordance with various stages and dimensions on the basis of colleges, and academic ranks of supervisors. In addition, developing a valid questionnaire for evaluating guidance quality from the graduates’ points of views has been another aim of this research. The research is a survey study and has used semi-structured interview and three researcher- made questionnaires. The research population is all the staff members above assistant professor (lecturer) in rank, and also the whole graduates in M.S degrees of Isfahan University. We used stratified sampling appropriate to the size of population. The obtained data were analyzed in two statistical levels, descriptive and inferential. Findings show that supervisors mainly have guided students appropriately in two stages: first, in the early stages of research, for instance like choosing the subject and developing the proposal. Second, the last stage of research like developing the report and writing the essay. Results suggest that there is a difference in supervisors’ guidance quality according to colleges and scientific ranks, but this difference is not significant. The obtained average shows that students are more satisfied with assistant professors (lecturers) than other academic staff.