SPORT PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on depression, anxiety, life orientation, and happiness of mothers of ADHD children. Methods: Mothers of ADHD children were invited by a public call in Qom city. Of them, 40 subjects were selected through simple random sampling method. Subjects were randomly assigned into two equal experimental and control groups, and then pre-, post-, and follow-up tests were conducted. The experimental group members performed aerobic training for 8 weeks (45 minutes, 3 sessions per week). Anxiety and depression questionnaires of DASS-21 (1995), life orientation of Sheyer & Carver (1985), and Happiness of Oxford (1989) questionnaires were used. The one-way ANCOVA was used to analyze data. Results: Results of the post-and follow-up tests showed that aerobic exercise reduced the depression (P=0. 001) and anxiety (P=0. 001), and increased the life orientation (P=0. 001) and happiness (P=0. 001) of mothers of ADHD children significantly. Conclusion: Without side effects, aerobic exercises may use as an auxiliary way to improve the physical and mental health of mothers with ADHD children, along with other therapies.

Purpose: The psychological factors play a decisive role in the success of elite athletes at the highest levels competition, where the physical fitness of athletes reaches to the highest possible level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Psychological factors and physical fitness of elite young Iranian kabaddi players. Methods: For this purpose, 28 young invited players to the second camp of Iranian national kabaddi team in the 17-19 age range were selected. In order to assess the mental toughness and mindfulness, Sheard et al. questionnaire and Thienot et al questionnaire were used respectively. Also, the 36 meters speed test, the 9x4 agility test, two-way jump, bench press, and leg press test, Ergo-Jump test and Hand-Grip test were used to measure physiological characteristics. Results: The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the subscales of mental toughness, some of the mindfulness subscales, and physiological profile among elite Iranian kabaddi players. There was a positive significant relationship between power test and mindfulness, too. Therefore the results demonstrated the players who could wear the national team shirt had higher mindfulness than strikethrough players. Conclusion: The elite Iranian kabaddi players had equal toughness and the same physiological profiles but the players who wore the national team shirt had higher mental toughness and probably, this ability may have a positive effect on their sports performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise on body image, body mass index and fat percentage in sedentary women. Methods: The present study was semi-experimental. The subjects were 41 women with a mean age of 21. 88 ± 2. 17 years and body mass index of 23. 6 ± 3. 73 kg/cm2. They were trained to conduct a training program. Subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data from the measurements were collected using a body mental imagery questionnaire (BISQ) before and after the training period and analyzed by t-student test. Results: The results showed that eight weeks Pilates training significantly changed the subscales of cognitiveperceptual structures of body image and emotional-attitude structures of body image with negative feelings as compared to control group (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in other subscales of emotionalattitude structures of body image (P> 0. 05). Body mass index (P= 0. 024) also showed significant changes in body fat (P = 0. 017) in this training period compared with the control and pre-test group, but weight changes were not significant (P = 0. 153) Conclusion: The results showed that although Pilates exercises did not have a significant effect on body weight during an eight-week period, it could change the body composition. Therefore Pilates exercises seem to be a good stimulus for increasing the lipolysis process and changing body composition. Pilates exercises also caused changes in attitudes that affect mental health and related indicators.

Purpose: Present study aimed to study the mediating role of efficient and non-efficient coping strategies on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism with sports burnout. Methods: The number of 120 participants were selected from semiprofessional footballers in Tehran using mono cluster sampling. Data were collected using Lazarus's coping strategies, Terry-short et al's perfectionism, and Maslach's burnout questionnaires and analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression tests. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between positive and negative perfectionism with sports burnout in semiprofessional footballers and efficient coping strategy, negatively and non-efficient coping strategy, positively mediate in the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism with sports burnout (P < 0. 01). Conclusion: Results provided evidence to suggest that the mediating role of efficient and non-efficient coping strategies in the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism with sports burnout was minor. Efficient and non-efficient coping strategies reduce the effect of positive and negative perfectionism on burnout, but this effect was not complete. Therefore, it was suggested to consider the type of athletes' perfectionism along with providing opportunities to promote effective coping strategies in order to reduce sports burnout.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between self-talk style and selfhandicapping style of soccer players in Urmia. In this descriptive-correlational study, 260 Urmia soccer Players (aged between 16-32 yrs. ) cooperated voluntarily. Methods: Kalout’ s self-talk questionnaire and Rodoalt’ s and Jone’ s self-handicapping questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, Pearson’ s correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. Results: The results indicated that there was no significant relationship between positive self-talk, and selfhandicapping aspects (positive orientation, self-instruction for resistance), but there was a significant negative relationship between negative self-talk, and self-handicapping aspects (dismissiveness, anger, and anxiety). The regression analysis showed self-talk can predict self-handicapping, too. Conclusion: Overall, we should not probe root of the voluntary act only in the brain and mental life but also voluntary action and human behavior. They must be analyzed in regard to communications especially verbal communication created by intervention of inner talk.

Purpose: The focus of attention is one of the psychological interventions that can affect performance and motor learning improvement of individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Instructions for the focus of attention on the control of the posture of boys aged 9-12 years in suprapostural tasks. Methods: The research design was within and Between-Subject that Semi-experimental method implemented. 45 Elementary school boys in Malayer city were selected randomly, and divided into three groups (15 people): external attention, internal attention, and control group. The participants kept their postural control by using instructions on suprapostural task (3 efforts). In external attention; attention on the bar in their hands, in internal attention; attention on their own hands, and control group no instruction were received. Results: The result showed that the learning process in both internal focus group (P=0. 022), and external focus group (P=0. 040), was significant compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found in learning between the external focus group and the internal focus group (P=0. 794). Conclusion: According to the results it can be argued that the focus of attention as one of the cognitive tools may have a significant effect on improving the postural control of boys (9 to 12 years old).

Purpose: Anticipation skill is a strategy to reduce the response time and to reduce the processing stage of the stimulus-response. The aim of this study was to design an “ anticipation timing software” possessing the ability to measure the accuracy of temporal anticipation, and then determine the validity and reliability of it. Methods: Thirty male students from Physical Education Faculty of Tehran University participated. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the software's introverted reliability. To determine the software validity, Pearson correlation coefficient was used between software’ s data and digital type speed anticipation reaction tester’ s data, model (TAKEI-1108) made by Taka Japan Company. This device was used to estimate the arriving time (speed) of a moving object (such as a ball) to a specific location (such as a goal). Results: No significant difference between software and device parameters were observed. The highest correlation for slow speed was r= 0. 84 and for fast speed r= 0. 86 (P= 0. 0001). In order to determine the software reliability, the ICC was determined for slow speed, ICC= 0. 909 and fast speed, ICC=0. 809 (P= 0. 0001). Conclusion: Generally, it is concluded that the "anticipation timing software" is a software with a high reliability and validity rate to measure the accuracy of temporal anticipation.