JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (27)|Papers Count:8

In the economic literature, wage deviation from labor productivity causes economic inefficiency. However, evidence in Iran’ s economy indicates a lack of coordination between wage changes and labor productivity, and the gap between the two variables has increased over time. Accordingly, the present study has two main approaches: first, study of the relationship between wages and labor productivity in the manufacturing industries of Iran’ s provinces during the years 1392-1383 and evaluation of the impact of wage productivity (based on classical theories); second, examining the effectiveness of wage productivity (based on efficiency wage theories). Using the combined data and the generalized least squares method, the results show that both classical and wage theories are correct. In other words, while wages have a positive and significant effect on labor productivity, they also are affected by it. However, its impact factor is far greater than its susceptibility factor. Therefore, from the policy point of view, the results show the necessity of paying attention to wages in order to increase labor productivity in the manufacturing industries of Iran’ s provinces.

Considering the importance of unemployment in the context of resistive economics, the present study has tried to predict the future of this influential variable for Golestan Province using future research method. For this purpose, the present study was designed to simulate 11 scenarios for demand and 3 scenarios for labor supply, and a total of 33 different scenarios for unemployment and employment rates for women and men in the province. Finally, according to the experts, the probability of the scenarios was assessed and the most probable scenario for unemployment rate in Golestan prov-ince was identified. According to the results of the study, in 2027 the unemployment rate would be 19. 4% for men and 25. 9% for women, and unemployment rate of the province would be 20. 5%. On the other hand, Golestan province must create 7965 net annual jobs in order to remain in its current state of unemployment (2015 unemployment rate) in the period 2018-2027. Therefore, to overcome this challenge and turn it into an opportunity for growth and development, it is essential that provincial planners design a targeted structure for the province’ s labor market management.

Considering the issue of unemployment and recession in recent years, the year 2017 was named "Resistance Economy, Production-Employment" by the Supreme Leader. Therefore, employment is one of the key indicators of resistance economy. In this regard, evaluating labor employment patterns, in order to identify the factors affecting it, is the most vital challenge for the implementation of the resistance economy. This research first presents general concepts and examines the theoretical foundations and literature of the factors affecting the resistance economy index (labor employment) and then by referring to variables such as minimum wage (policy-making variable), real GDP, real oil revenues, capital stock, foreign direct investment, and degree of business openness, attempts to explain the resistance economy index. The model estimation has been carried out by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method, and the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model has been used to investigate the shocks for annual data of 1980-2015. The results showed that in the short run, GDP, capital stock, oil revenues, foreign direct investment and trade openness have a positive effect on the resistance economy index. However, the minimum wage with a lag period has a negative and significant effect on the index, which also holds true for the long term. Finally, it has been shown that the adverse effects of some shocks on resilience economy index will remain for many years to come.

The impact of financial development on economic growth is one of the major economic subjects that has generated much debate and controversy. Some economists believe that financial development through increased levels of savings and investment can provide a good basis for economic growth. Some other emphasize the transfer of financial development to economic growth through its effects on resource allocation and capital efficien-cy. In this study, considering the significance of financial sector and its role in economic functions such as international trade and considering the fact that the literature on the relationship between financial development and international trade has expanded in recent years and has attracted the attention of researchers, the relationship between financial development and international trade has been investigated using the GMM Dynamic Panel Method for 16 countries in the Middle East. Fitting results from 1980 to 2016 indicate that financial development has had a positive impact on international trade. The ratio of bank credit to private sector to GDP, the ratio of liquidity to GDP, the ratio of money supply to GDP, and the ratio of domestic investment to GDP have a positive and significant relationship with international trade.

The water crisis in Iran for nearly two decades has become an important concern for people and politicians and has always been raised in the media. Locating in dry and semi-arid belt and low rainfall, there are few water resources in Iran. Resource management should offset water scarcity through a variety of methods, due to population growth and agricultural and industrial development. The government has the most important role in this regard, which needs to have a good policy for water management. However, at the present moment water crisis is not considered as a priority for policymakers, and the lack of a well-structured program, as well as poor performance of the authorities has worsened the country’ s water resources. Various institutions are involved in water resources management, which are generally divided into policy and executive institutions. Water resources policymakers have not yet come up with coherent and clear policies for understanding the water crisis and for a genuine crisis resolution. In the area of executive bodies, every water-related entity, regardless of the water crisis and the consequences of implementing sectoral policies on water resources, is trying to meet its organizational goals. The lack of expertise and coherent policies in the face of the water crisis and the implementation of sectoral policies without sufficient attention to water scarcity have put the country’ s development policies on the water resources and the challenges of the water crisis are constantly increasing. The main question of the article is what is the policy of water in Iran since 2001? Based on this question, our hypothesis is that the water crisis is not well positioned in macroeconomic policy, leading to a lack of clear and comprehensive planning for the crisis and that existing programs are partly due to lack of coordination between institutions and agencies. The water crisis has not finally come to end.

This paper tries to study the effects of business intelligence in advertising industry based on Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The statistical population of this research consists of 20 professional experts who are working in the famous advertising companies in Tehran City. The selection criteria and common features of the subjects were based on their awareness and superiority, knowing well the marketing and advertising industry, and the management modules of the research system or DEMATEL method. Also, the main implement of data collection for this research were the questionnaires which designed based on different goals and distributed to the statistical community after obtaining their responses, and analysis of each factor of this research examined by DEMATEL method. Also, in this study, the questionnaires were the main data gathering tools, which designed for different purposes. After obtaining the experts approval, the questionnaires distributed among the statistical population and in this process, exploratory factor analysis and DEMATEL method were used. Finally, the results led to the identification of four main dimensions including adaptation to business needs and objectives, technical functionality of the business intelligence system, flexibility, and the ability to integrate the experiences and needs mentioned in Code 13 indices; then their final weight were calculated. According to the findings of this study, the “ most influential indicator” in the implementation of general science and technology policies is to adapt to business needs and goals and to integrate experiences and needs. On the other hand, it is the “ most influential factor” , in compare with other factors, in the implementation of general science and technology policies. It should be noted that this research is an exploratory study in terms of purpose and survey approach.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the National Identity Index, its dimensions and its components in Iranian educational development documents. The research method was a descriptive content analysis. The statistical population included the evolutionary documents (theoretical fundamentals of fundamental change, national curriculum, and fundamental reform document of the Islamic Republic of Iran), with a total of 507 pages without introduction, minutes of meetings, and resources, all of which were statistically sampled by census method (a complete set) were selected and reviewed. Descriptive statistics and Shannon entropy three-step formula were used to measure the payment and analyze the questions. To extract the dimensions and components of the national identity, we referred to the Secretariat of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution (Working Group on the Development of Cultural Indicators) approved in 2011. A team of experts obtained the validity of the checklist and its reliability was determined by the Scott method (93/5), which is known as the consensus method and agreement of the experts. The findings of the study showed that in the educational development documents, 361 cases referred to the six dimensions of the national identity index among which the most attention was paid to culture and cultural heritage with 112 and the least to territorial dimension with 11. The most important result of this study was that the developmental documents of education did not pay attention to the dimensions of the national identity index in a balanced way.

Today, the expansion of popular organizations in the world is one of the effective approaches to solving social, cultural, environmental and sometimes political and economic problems. Some governments are trying to deal with these non-governmental organizations with an interactive approach to solve the regional crisis and supports them nationally. This research first explains the organizations and their role in solving problems and then evaluating their performance in the city of Shiraz. The statistical population of this study was all 425 units of non-governmental organizations in Shiraz. Of them, 25 units were collaborating with this research directly. Firstly, these organizations were ranked by identifying the evaluation indices of NGOs using hierarchical analysis technique and expert opinion as well as data envelopment analysis method. Then, according to the purpose of this study, which is to present a new strategy for evaluation and ranking, a new formulation of RPN will be rated by NGOs. The final formula proposed in this study is called NRPN. In the end, it seems that the ranking results of the both NRPN and DEA techniques are close together and the NRPN method can be used to rank and evaluate performance.