Journal of Diabetes Nursing
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease, and one of its consequences is reduced sexual function. Sexual health education is one of the approaches to overcome this condition. In health education, different models have been designed to change harmful behaviors in society. These models include Health Belief Model and Pender Health Promotion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual health education based on two models of Pender and Health Belief on sexual function of females with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 diabetic patients who were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using demographic characteristics form and Rosen's sexual function questionnaire. Before intervention, sexual function of patients was measured using Rosen questionnaire. Subsequently, the intervention group participated four 90-minute educational sessions on a weekly basis in accordance with the educational model. Following that, the intervention group were asked to complete the Rosen questionnaire again. The obtained data were imported into SPSS software (version 21) and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Comparison of pre-test and post-test showed an increase in the mean total score of sexual function and sub-scales of Pender in the intervention group from 17. 93 (2. 21) to 20. 69 (2. 22). It should be mentioned that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in this regard before and after the intervention (P=0. 000). Moreover, the mean score of sexual function and its subscales in the Health Belief group increased from 18 (2. 97) to 21. 65 (2. 38), which showed a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention in this group (P=0. 000). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard (P˂ 0. 05). Conclusion: Comparison of sexual function scores after the intervention in both groups indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, except for the scale of psychological stimulation. According to the results of this study, it seems that the utilization of educational models based on Pender Health Promotion Model and Health Belief Model have significant effects on the sexual function of females with type II diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases in older agegroups. The most important therapeutic principle in these patients is selfmanagement and self-efficacy since the adherence to self-management models increases self-efficacy and quality of life in diabetic elderly people. This study aimed to investigate the effect of self-management program based on a 5A model on self-efficacy in elderly patients with diabetes referring to Razi Clinic, Ghaemshahr, Iran, in 2018. Materials and Methods: This classical experimental study was performed on 90 diabetic elderly patients who were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group received 12 training sessions of 30-45 minutes on a weekly basis. On the other hand, the control group received routine training. The data were collected using the standard questionnaire, and subsequently, they were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics (i. e., tables, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (i. e., independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA). Results: According to the results of the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between two groups before and after intervention (P=0. 47). However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups after intervention (P=0. 001). Moreover, the incubation test showed a significant difference with the elimination of pre-test effect (P<0. 01 and Eta=0. 16). In total, 16% of the changes in self-efficacy could be due to the possibility of implementing a self-management model. Conclusion: Considering the self-efficacy of the 5A model in patients with diabetes, this non-medical method can be used as an efficient and cost-effective intervention in patient education program.

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common disease caused by a defect in carbohydrate metabolism which can have a negative effect on all organs over time. Increased awareness regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients can decrease chronic complications as well as the treatment costs. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic adolescents regarding their disease. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 150 diabetic adolescents aged 10-14 years who referred to the diabetes clinic in Imam Hossein Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The required data were gathered using knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) using descriptive statistics (i. e., mean, standard deviation, frequency), and analytical statistics. The qualitative data were analyzed using the chi-square test while the relationship of age with the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice was determined through the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: According to the findings, there was a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of patients, as well as their attitudes and practice (P<0. 05). Therefore, an increase in the level of knowledge increased the level of practice. Moreover, it was found that the participants with another diabetic patient in the family and longer disease duration showed better improvement of knowledge, attitude, and even practice. The result of the Pearson correlation coefficient test indicated that the age of the patients did not have a significant correlation with the total score of knowledge and practice (P>0. 05). However, the age variable correlated with the score of the perceived benefits of a healthy diet (P=0. 017) and self-care performance (P=0. 048). Furthermore, based on the results of the independent t-test, the mean score of the total knowledge and attitude was not significantly different between male and female participants (P>0. 05), while the total scores of practice (P=0. 02) and physical activity (P=0. 001) were significantly higher in males, compared to females. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that an increase in the level of knowledge and attitude leads to an enhancement in the level of practice of diabetes management.

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases with high mortality and economic costs. In this disease, there is an increase in the sensitivity of the nervous system to pain stimuli and development of diabetic hyperalgesia. Patients with diabetes usually suffer from psychological symptoms after the diagnosis and during the treatment process. In addition, during the adaptation to illness, the patients experience psychological distress (i. e., anxiety, depression, and stress). In the meantime, catastrophizing in these patients can increase the sensitivity to pain and attention to pain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment in the reduction of distress and pain catastrophizing among these patients. Materials and Methods: This is a pretest and posttest semi-experimental study with control and random groups. The present study was carried out on all diabetic patients with chronic pain, including 30 men and women, referring to the Pain Clinic and Amiralmomenin Hospital of Zabol, Iran, in the second 6 months of 2017 using targeted sampling and clinical interview. The subjects entered the treatment process according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were randomly assigned to 15 subjects in the experimental and 15 patients in the control groups. The instrument of this study was the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Sullivan Catastrophizing Scale, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The ACT included eight psychotherapy sessions based on the acceptance and commitment the experimental group received by the psychologist. However, the control group did not receive any intervention. Results: According to the obtained results, the two groups were significantly different in terms of distress and pain catastrophizing in the posttest stage with the control of the pretest effect (P<0. 0001). Conclusion: The obtained results of this study indicated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment in the reduction of distress and pain catastrophizing among diabetic patients with chronic pain. Therefore, the use of this treatment technique should be considered by psychologists and other therapists in this field.

Introduction: The World Health Organization estimates that more than 346 million people have diabetes worldwide. This value will probably be more than double by 2030 without intervention. Diabetic patients not only require blood glucose control but also prevention of complications as well as physical and mental rehabilitation. Therefore, this study aimed to test the causal model of self-care based on depression and mindfulness through a healthy lifestyle in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of all middleaged patients with diabetes referred to endocrinologists in Tehran, Iran during 1977. In total, 195 cases were selected by convenience sampling. The patients were asked to complete the questionnaires of depression, mindfulness, health-promoting lifestyle, and diabetes self-care. Data were analyzed in Amos software using the path analysis method. Results: The results showed that depression and mindfulness had an indirect and significant relationship with self-care through a health-centered lifestyle. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between depression and self-care. However, a significant direct relationship was observed between mindfulness and self-care. In other words, mindfulness was associated with self-care behaviors due to its direct effect on a healthcentered lifestyle; however, depression affected self-care through a healthcentered lifestyle. Conclusion: Given that both depression and mindfulness affect the lifestyle of the patient, they can predict the self-management behaviors of diabetic patients through their impact on the patient's lifestyle.

Introduction: According to the role of correct financial information in the decision-making of each system, it is important to design and employ a costing system that can recognize costs and correctly calculate the prime cost of services. Considering the necessity to clarify costs and income sources of different sections, the objective of the current study was to calculate the prime cost of the services to diabetic patients undergoing dialysis in Zabol, Iran, in 2015. Materials and Methods: This applied study was carried out using a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective design. The data were collected through designed forms, interview with the supervisors of sections, and direct observation of the dialysis section activities. Then, the prime cost was calculated by the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method using Excel software (version 2013). Results: Based on the findings of the present study, the total costs included human force (63%), consumable medicinal instruments (20%), consumable non-medical materials and instruments (2. 4%), nutrition (5%), civil costs (0. 9%), costs of equipment depreciation (4. 3%), and costs of building depreciation (4. 4%). Accordingly, the highest and lowest costs were reported for human force and civil costs in the dialysis section, respectively. Conclusion: All of the hospitals and medical centers in Iran will be able to calculate the true costs by means of the ABC method. The use of this technique helps prevent the disadvantages of wrong costing through achieving useless capacity, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency.