MEDICAL JOURNAL OF MASHHAD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2018 | Volume:61 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:12

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two different doses of green tea on substrate metabolism and energy expenditure before, during and after an aerobic exercise session in overweight and obese women. Materials & Methods: Ten overweight and obese women (weight 80. 71 ± 11. 96 kg) voluntarily participated in a cross-over design. These participants consumed a dose of 500 mg of green tea, a dose of 1000 mg of green tea and placebo with a wash-out period of 12 to 14 days between these three periods. The exercise protocol included running at 75% of the maximum heart rate on treadmill for 30 minutes. The respiratory gases of the participants were collected using a gas analyzer for 30 minutes before exercise in supine position (baseline), 30 minutes during exercise and 30 minutes after exercise (EPOC) to measure carbohydrate oxidation, fat, and energy expenditure. Data were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measurements tests (α =0. 05). Results: The results showed that 500 and 1000 mg of green tea consumptions increased significantly fat oxidation during and after exercise compared with the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the two doses in the above variable. There was no significant difference in carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure between the three groups in baseline state, during and after exercise. Conclusion: Overweight and obese women can reduce their body fat using a 500 mg green tea supplement along with doing moderate aerobic exercise.

Introduction: Physical activity is an important factor to increase or maintain mineral density in adults. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining after sixteen weeks aerobic exercise on serum levels of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in middle-aged women with osteopenia. Materials and Methods: In the present semi-experimental study, sixteen inactive women referred to the Alborz Nuclear Medicine Center in Babol were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups of exercise and control. The aerobic training program was performed at 65-70% of the target heart rate for 16 weeks and three sessions per week. Also, detraining period was considered for 4 weeks. Serum calcitonin and parathyroid values were measured in ng/l. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software version 23 at a significant level (α = 0. 05). Results: Findings of our study indicate calcitonin hormone increment, parathyroid hormone reduction after 16 weeks aerobic training, calcitonin hormone reduction and Parathyroid hormone increment after a period of detraining. Conclusion: As a conclusion of our findings, the long-term physical activity with moderate intensity leads to favorable hormonal changes and then causes to balance bone metabolism and calcium regulation, and probably prevents osteopenia from becoming osteoporosis, on the other hand, detraining and decreased physical activity disrupt this positive setting.

Intruduction: One of the main problems for psychiatric patients is their stigmatization, Which challenges and limits the timely diagnosis and treatment of mental patients. Therefore, the attitude, knowledge and practice of non-psychiatric practitioners in the field of psychiatric treatment is very important as the first level of referral to patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The sample size was counted and consisted of all non-psychiatric clinicians of Zahedan in 1396. The data collection method was a researchermade questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitude and behavior. Statistical analysis of the collected data was done using random variables (K2) and T tests. Results: A total of 100 non-psychiatric clinicians participated in two groups of internal and surgical wards. The mean score of knowledge level was 42 (in the good range), the mean score of the attitude level was 27 (in the positive attitude range), and the mean score of the type of performance was 24 (within the good performance range). There was no difference in the type of specialty, age, gender, and duration of clinical activity in the results. Only in terms of membership or non-membership of university faculty showed a significant difference (P<0/05), in faculty members, higher scores were obtained in terms of awareness, attitude and behavior toward psychiatric treatments. Conclusion: Non-psychiatric practitioners hade a high level of knowledge, attitude and good practice in psychiatric therapies. The level of knowledge of faculty members was higher than other participants. The necessity of expanding psychiatric treatment programs was felt.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in adults. Aside from history and physical examination, noninvasive tests are increasingly used to determine the presence of CAD. The aim of this study to was to detect whether myocardial strain and noninvasive aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis could be helpful in non-invasive assessment of extent of CAD. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 52 Patients were enrolled, assessed with echocardiography in a day before coronary angiography. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and Aortic PWV were measured in echocardiography. Coronary artery stenosis was calculated in angiography. The statistical relationship between the presence and the extent of coronary stenosis, measured by PWV and strain reviewed and evaluation of the conformity of these two methods was compared with angiographic findings. Results: Of the 52 patients enrolled in this study, 37 were males (71. 15%) and 15 were females (28. 85%). Only GLS showed significant difference between two groups (normal coronary arteries or non-significant lesion versus significant CAD) in all three vessels (p value in LAD=0. 03, LCX=0. 04, RCA=0. 03). Otherwise, PWV did not show any significant difference. Results: Of 52 patients whom enrolled in this study, 37were male (71. 15%) and 15 were female (28. 85%). Only GLS showed significant difference between two groups (normal coronary arteries or non-significant lesion versus significant CAD) in all three vessels (p value in LAD=0. 03, LCX=0. 04, RCA=0. 03). Otherwise, PWV did not. Conclusion: In patients with suspected CAD, GLS assessed by 2D-STE at rest could be a predictor of significant coronary artery diseases. In contrast, arterial stiffness, measured noninvasively thorough PWV, did not appear to be an independent factor in this context.

Introduction: Although many researches have been performed on the impact of the residential environment on the health status, no independent research has been conducted regarding the prevalence of behavioral diseases among the residents of the city, the village, and the margin. For this purpose, this study was carried out in Mashhad. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytic research that was carried out between the population of Mashhad and its surroundings during the years 2015 to 2016. Since the number of people at risk for behavioral diseases was not known, the affected population was first determined by the statistical method of recapture according to which 300 individuals were identified as the sample from among the identified patients. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results indicated that the prevalence of these diseases among the marginalized people was 1. 94 in every 10, 000 people, while this value was 1. 32 for other parts of the city, and about 0. 013 for the rural population. In addition, the prevalence of this type of disease among men was higher than that of women, but this difference was very small among marginalized populations. Although there were differences between ethnicity and patterns of disease, the effect of this factor was more closely related to the current residential place of the population. Conclusion: Based on these findings, because of the prevalence of these diseases in poorer and more marginalized areas, it is necessary to seek more intensive treatment interventions and prevention training in these areas.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neural developmental disorder that is characterized based on DSM-5 criteria with defect in two areas of social communication, social interaction, and defect in behaviors, interests and limited and repeated activities. The purpose of this study was the comparison of the effectiveness of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) and Treatment and education of Autistic and related communication Handicapped children (TEACCH) models with Emphasis on sensory integration on clinical Syndrome of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Materials & Methods: : A total of 36 Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (21boys and 15girls) were selected through a purposive sampling method after screening among students of specialized Autism centers in Mashhad who were enrolled in the academic year of 2017-2018. They were randomly assigned to a control groups and two experimental group, and received treatment interventions for two months. Results: The analysis of the results showed that (PRT) and (TEACCH) models have a significant effect on the reduction of clinical syndrome among students with autism spectrum disorders. But comparing the effectiveness of these models, the results showed that PRT model on reduction of the clinical syndrome of students with autism spectrum disorder had a significantly more effectiveness than the TEACCH model. Conclusion: the results of this study indicate that with the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in the past decade, it necessitates more attention, the use of Educational-Behavioral Interventions and prevention programs.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of substance and drug abuse in the compulsory maintenance and rehabilitation center of Yaghmour A´ la in the city of Urmia in 1394. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 812 people who were admitted to the addiction camp of Yaghmour A´ la in the city of Urmia in 1394 were evaluated. Patients' data were collected and recorded in pre-designed forms and analyzed by SPSS20 software. Results: All subjects were male with a mean age of 36. 60 ± 8. 41 years, mostly married (43. 7%) and unemployed (2. 51%) with primary and secondary education (4. 58%). Approximately 9. 56% of addicts had no history of abandonment. The majority of subjects had no previous history of physical, psychological or medication problems (1. 88%, 76%, 75% respectively), but at present they often complained of psychological and physical symptoms at the same time. The history of imprisonment was found in 6. 84% of people and the history of high-risk behavior in about half of the clients. The most consumed heroin was burned. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, nearly half of the subjects had a history of extramarital tract and the heroin was the most commonly used substance. High prevalence of social harms such as low educational level and unemployment, urges targeted intervention and planning to prevent and mitigate these complications.

Cytokines play a crucial role in controlling the immune system, and their signals direct the immune response towards either an antibody-mediated or a cell-mediated immunity. These molecules trigger the innate and adaptive immune responses including maturation of antigen presenting cells, differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells, and induction of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, cytokines could be promising vaccine adjuvants for enhancing the immune response against infectious agents. Dendritic cells are responsible for antigen uptake and presentation to T cells and represent a key target for adjuvant activity. Many proteins are involved in regulating and maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. TLR family of proteins capable of producing cytokines including interferon type I and proinflammatory cytokines lead to express genes involved in immune system function. These proteins are the key regulator of interferon production in fibroblasts and specialized dendritic cells and their role as an adjuvant in the improvement of immune responses is evaluated. In this article, the structure and function of these receptors in triggering immune responses with rely upon their signaling pathways are reviewed.