Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:60 | Issue:6 |Papers Count:10

Introduction: Lipoprotein a is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Although many studies have been conducted in the non-diabetic population that shows the role of increasing plasma Lp (a) concentration and atherosclerotic disease, this role is not clear in the diabetic population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma lipoprotein levels and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects & Methods: This study was performed in the diabetic clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, from 2005 to 2007. A total of 346 patients were selected from 600 patients with type 2 diabetes. To measure the association of high levels of Lp (a) and cardiovascular risk factors, patients were divided into two groups of normal Lp (a) (< 35mg / dl) levels and elevated levels of Lp (a) (> 35mg / dl) and risk factors between the two groups were compared by statistical tests. Results: Our results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between Lp (a) and total cholesterol (r=0. 217, P<0. 001), HDL (r=0. 141, P=0. 008), LDL-C (r=0. 241, P<0. 001), apolipoprotein B (r=0. 220, P<0. 001) and Framingham Scoring System (FSS) (r=0. 135, P=0. 135) in patients. Mean cholesterol, LDL, HDL, apolipoprotein B and FSS levels were significantly higher in patients with Lp (a) ≥ 35mg /dl than those with normal Lp (a) level (<35mg /dl) (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Serum levels of Lp (a) have a significant positive correlation with lipid variables (other than triglyceride) and higher levels than 35mg /dl with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.

Introduction: Acinetobacter is a gram negative bacterium seen as cocci or cocobacilli. This opportunistic bacterium plays a very important role in hospital infections. Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the growth of many gram-positive and negative bacteria. Today, antibiotic resistance is not responding to the frequency of pathogenic bacteria and the risk of antibiotic resistant strains. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the distribution of tetracycline (tetD, tetC, tetB, tetA) genes in Acinetobacter bummani and antibiotic resistance Disc diffusion. Subjects & Methods: Acinetobacter bummani were isolated from clinical specimens and then identified by using bacteriological and biochemical tests. An antibiotic test was performed using CLSI standard method. By the PCR method, was investigated the presence of tetracycline resistance genes. Results: The highest resistance to acinetobacter isolates was resistance to ciprofloxacin. Out of 60 isolates of acinetobacter, the prevalence of tetA, tetB, tetC and tetD genes was 91. 6, 91. 6, 15, and 0%, respectively. This study concludes that resistance genes are present whether or not resistance genes are susceptible to many antibiotic groups. Conclusion: The main mechanisms for resistance to tetracycline are through the acquisition of the tet gene with the activity of the phallus pumps, ribosomal protection and enzymatic inactivation. An antibiotic resistance can be prevented by identifying antibiotic resistance patterns and using appropriate antibiotics when there is a need for treatment and preventing the release of resistant strains in the community among human populations.

Introduction: Corrected TIMI Frame Count (CTFC) a predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study evaluated the post-conditioning effects of morphine on CTFC in the patients undergoing primary precutanous coronary intervention (PPCI) on left anterior descending artery (LAD). Subjects & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI on LAD. Based on receiving or not receiving of 5-milligram morphine 30 minutes before PCI, patients allocated to two groups (sequentially 14 and 26 patients). Results: There was no significant difference between two groups considering of age, sex, coronary risk factor and pre-PCI CTFC. However, post-PCI CTFC, was lower in the morphine group (13. 23± 4. 84 versus 13. 10± 6. 80 in control group; P = 0. 000). In both groups, a significant reduction observed in CTFC after PCI, which was more in morphine group (morphine versus control: 24. 95± 19. 04 versus 24. 32± 19. 05; P = 0. 787) but not statistically significant. Conclusion: It seems that usage of morphine before PCI may lead to more reduction of CTFC following PPCI, but it is not statistically significant.

Introduction: Heart failure is one of the causes of death in cardiovascular patients. The aim of this study was the survey the effects of cardiac rehabilitation and co q10 on functional capacity (FC) and ejection fraction (EF) in patients with heart failure. Subjects & Methods: In this experimental study 4o patients were recruited and assigned to four groups: cardiac rehabilitation, coq10, rehab+coq10 and control, randomly. (Each group 10 patients). Patients in rehab group have performed recommended exercise three times a week, (Each time between 25 to 45 minutes) with 60 to 80% intensity of maximal heart rate. According to the result of Borg test and patient's capacity in every time, the intensity of exercise was increased for the next time. The second group was consumed 100 MG two times per day. The third group tried to do the exercise and consumed co q10. Exercise test was used to determine FC and Echocardiography was done to determine the EF, before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Results: Paired T test showed that, the mean scores of FC and EF were increased significantly in three interventional groups (P<0/05). According to covariance test, METs and EF were increased significantly both in rehab and rehab plus coq10 comparing to co q10 group. Above mentioned items had significant difference in 3 interventional groups comparing to the control (P<0/05). Conclusion: Doing rehab and consuming of coq10 specially integration of these two methods result in increasing of METs and EF which finally effected on improving the signs of heart failure in patients.

Introduction: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the world. The risk of emerging factors for stroke is plasma homocysteine. Subjects & Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was performed on patients with ischemic stroke referring to Tabriz hospitals. We entered the patients' information, including demographic information of patients, hypertension and etc along with laboratory results of homocysteine assay for patients' blood samples into SPSS v16 statistical analysis program. Results: A total of 100 patients with ischemic stroke were evaluated who their average age was 65. 83± 15. 32 years and also 54. 54% were men and 46% were women, 45% were with one risk factor, 50% had hypertension, 13% diabetes, 18% hyperlipidemia, 14% a recent MI history and 31% had smoking history. Overall 74% of patients were with no stroke history, homosystein level in studied patients was 20. 40± 12. 24 mmol/lit and 49% had normal level of homosystein. Homosystein level was evaluated with gender (p=0. 876), age (p=0. 004) and NIHSS (p=0. 745) and also NIHSS level with gender (p=0. 058), age (p=0. 876), HTN (p=0. 070), HLP (p=0. 103), DM (p=0. 999), and history of MI (p=0. 262) and history of CVA (p=0. 964), NIHSS level with smoking (p=0. 109) and homosystein level (p=0. 013). Data analysis showed that the level of homocysteine with hypertension (P=0. 021) has a significant relationship. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that increased homocysteine has a high prevalence in patients with stroke.

Introduction: Antioxidant defense and aerobic fitness of patients with breast cancer are not favorable in the disease, treatment and post-treatment phases. Considering the likely role of exercise training on the antioxidant status, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LVHIIT) on antioxidant defense and aerobic power in female survivors of breast cancer. Subjects & Methods: In this clinical trial study, 20 breast cancer survivors (mean age 44. 90± 2. 82 years old) randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group participated in a six weeks of LVHIIT (three session per week). Total antioxidant capacity and Malondialdehyde levels were measured by ELISA kits and aerobic power by Balke Protocol. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test. Results: Total antioxidant capacity significantly improved (P=0. 007) and Malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased (P=0. 009). Also, aerobic power significantly improved (P=0. 001). Conclusion: Six weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training can improve the body's antioxidant status and aerobic power in patients with breast cancer and as a result, play an important role in prevention of breast cancer recurrence.

Introduction: Hypertension is a major health problem due to complications and high mortality rate. It causes problems in the ability of patients for self-care and affect their quality of life. This study was aimed to assess the effect of self-care education on quality of life and health literacy in patients with essential hypertension. Subjects & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest control group design. From patients with hypertension presenting to Mashhad Health Center, 90 patients were selected according to the eligibility criteria and were assigned randomly to two groups, the treatment group (45 patients) and the control group (45 patients). The research tool was quality of life questionnaires and test of functional health literacy in adults. The self-care education was conducted in 4 sessions. The obtained data were analyzed by means of analysis of covariance. Results: Regarding both the general mental and physical health, the quality of life had been divided in to before intervention psychologically 48/72 and physical health 51/47 which was increased to 71/97 psychologically, and 77/37 physically after the intervention. This difference was statistically significant in the mental aspect and physical health. Average health literacy in people before interference was 97/46 which increased to 130/31 after the intervention. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Self-care education can improve quality of life and health literacy among patients with hypertension. It is recommended that health care providers, implement these educational programs for improving the quality of life and health literacy of patients with essential hypertension.

Introduction: Different physical exercises play an important role in energy balance and weight control through affecting the appetite-regulating hormones. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different resistance training modes on appetite and appetite-related hormones among sedentary healthy males. Subjects & Methods: This study was conducted on 40 healthy males with the mean age of 22. 15± 0. 7 years and body mass index of 24. 12± 3. 5 kg/m2. The study population was randomly assigned into four groups of control group (n=10), upper-body resistance training (n=10), lower-body resistance training, and full body resistance training. Trainings were performed three sessions a week for eight weeks. The fasting blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein before and 48 h after the last session of the resistance training for the evaluation of plasma growth hormone, orexin, ghrelin, acyl ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) using ELISA method. In addition, the desire to eat was measured by means of the appetite questionnaire. Results: According to the results, plasma growth hormone, orexin, ghrelin, and acyl ghrelin were increased significantly after lower-body and full body resistance trainings, compared to the pre-intervention stage. Meanwhile, the upper-body resistance training just resulted in the elevation of NPY (P=0. 049). The enhancement of orexin level was more significant in the lower-body training group in comparison to that in the control group (P=0. 001). Furthermore, the enhancement of ghrelin level was more significant in the full body (P=0. 021) and lower-body (P=0. 001) training groups than in the control group. On the other hand, the three intervention groups showed a higher elevation in NPY as compared to the control group. Additionally, desire to eat was increased after the three modes of training; however, there was no significant difference among the three training groups in this regard. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, resistance training, especially lower-body and full body resistance trainings, regulated appetite through the elevation of growth hormone, orexin, ghrelin, and NPY. Moreover, the type of resistance training affected the amount of appetite changes after adjusting to resistance training.