Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:62 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:9

Introduction: Adherence to treatment is one of the most important issues in the field of physical and mental illnesses that have received little attention in Iran. Many patients do not adhere to treatment and ignore the doctor's instructions, which this is associated with economic, physical, and cultural problems for the individual, family, and community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the theoretical and practical dimensions of adherence to treatment in the health care system. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. Articles related to theoretical and research literature on adherence to treatment were searched in the databases of Scholar Google, Nursing index, Elsevier, Scopus, and also the related books. Articles were searched from 1990 to 2019 using the keywords of adherence to treatment and the patient, and theories and models were combined. Results: The results of various studies showed that non-adherence to treatment in many disorders can cause irreparable damage. Anderson's behavioral model and common sense model are models of treatment adherence that can have therapeutic and practical uses. Children, the elderly, and patients with psychological problems are among the groups with low adherence to treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results, physicians and specialists should help patients to improve their adherence to treatment by applying and adhering models in this context, as neglecting this phenomenon will have many negative individual and social consequences especially in some groups.

Introduction: In previous studies the association between PPARα gene polymorphism and coronary artery calcification (CAC) CAD and atherosclerosis have been demonstrated and, CAD has been shown to be a directly related to CAC. However, an association between PPARα gene polymorphism and CAC has not been studied in our population. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between PPARα gene polymorphisms and CAC in CAD patients. Materials and Methods: A total of Ninety CAD patients and 90 controls enrolled in this study. Computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed for all subjects and CAC was analyzed in the left coronary, left main coronary, right coronary and circumflex arteries. Polymorphism of PPARα was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and possible associations between PPARα polymorphism and coronary artery calcification in CAD patients and healthy controls were investigated. Results: No significant differences in the allele frequencies (G, C) or genotypes (GG, GC) were found between the two groups (G = 84. 6% vs. C = 15. 4%; P = 0. 52) and (GG = 70. 1% vs. GC = 28. 9%; P = 0. 43), respectively. No significant differences were found between genotype or allele frequencies in patients or healthy control with different CAC (P = 0. 41). Conclusion: No significant association was found between allele – genotype frequencies in subjects with CAC.

Introduction: Several treatments have been proposed for treating diabetes; however it is still unclear which one of these methods is more effective with regard to patient conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise and concurrent (aerobic resistance) exercise on serum glucose, insulin and insulin resistance levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, which was performed as a pre-test, post-test with a control group, 56 type 2 diabetic men randomly assigned into Cinnamon supplement (14 person), aerobic exercise (14 person), supplement + exercise (14 person) and control groups (14 person). The Cinnamon supplement group received 6 capsule containing 500 mg powder of cinnamon for 8 weeks. Training program for the aerobic group included 3 sessions with 35 – 45 minutes of running per week with 60 to70% maximal heart rate for 8 weeks and the concurrent group performed aerobic exercise and received cinnamon simultaneously. The variables were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA at significance level of p<0. 05. Results: Fasting blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly decreases in three groups compared to control group (p<0. 05), but no significant decreased were observed for these indexes between groups. Conclusion: Cinnamon supplementation, aerobic exercise and concurrent methods, can have positive effects on fasting blood glucose, insulin and insulin resistance.

Introduction: The use of economics in planning for the cost of health services is a part of the health system policies. Service providers and recipients should have sufficient information about the economic components in order to have an integral economic program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pediatric residents knowledge about the economic components for patient treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for the pediatric residents of Mashhad university of medical sciences in the spring of 2014 with a questionnaire containing 19 questions. The validity of questionnaire was measured by Cranach's alpha and the reliability by pediatrics professors. Results: Overall 10% of the residents had correct knowledge about the percentage of insurance payment. About the cost of one night stay in the general wards, 24% and for ICU, 2% had the right information. None of them was familiar with the price of 10 grams of intravenous immunoglobulin, 5% of them had the right idea about the cost of a common prescription. Scores of residents were calculated and classified from weak to excellent. Conclusion: This study showed that the residents information was insufficient about health care costs and it had no relation with the academic years.

Introduction: Brucellosis is a common infectious disease between humans and animals, which continues to be a health problem in our country. Considering that Fasa County is one of the high prevalence areas of this disease, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic status of brucellosis during the years 2009-2017. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. Information about Brucellosis was obtained from the deputy health department of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. Data were encoded and analyzed by SPSS 22 software. Frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze the data and the results were presented in the form of a table and a chart. Results: The highest frequency was in 2008 with 67 cases (17. 8%) and the least frequent in 2016 with 25 cases (6. 6%). Of these, 343 cases (91. 2%) were newly diagnosed and the rest were defeat treatment or recurrence of the disease. All Iranian patients and most of them were from men. The mean age of the patients was 34. 15 ± 8. 31 years. Most of the jobs associated with the disease for livestock and agriculture with a frequency of 37 percent (139) and then Housekeeping with a frequency of 26. 9 percent (101 cases). Most participants were from rural areas. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the incidence of the disease was reduced. But this disease is still a health problem in the city, which requires training and inter-departmental collaboration to control the disease.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Intervention Neurofeedback on the Attention and Concentration, Behavioral Problems and Social-Emotional Adjustment of children with ADHD In 6-12 years age periods Materials and Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 6-12 year-old children with ADHD and their parents who referred to counseling and psychological services in district 2 of Tehran for treatment and guidance in 2016-2017. A sample of 40 individuals was selected by purposeful and voluntary random sampling methods in two experimental and control groups. Diagnosis of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder was performed using the Clinical Interview Review Checklist based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, 2013, and Diagnostic Interview by a Psychiatrist, also Roswell et al. and Singh (1993) and Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist were used in the pre-test and post-test stages. Neurofeedback training was performed for 20 subjects during 20 sessions and three sessions per week in experimental group. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis of covariance in SPSS software. Results: The Results Showed Effectiveness Intervention Neurofeedback on the dependent variable of attention and concentration, Behavioral Problems and Social-Emotional Adjustment of children with ADHD In 6-12 years age periods experimental group was more than control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Neurofeedback of ADHD children, had a significant effect on improving the performance of experimental subjects.

Introduction: Airborne fungal spores are the important source of infection inside operation rooms of hospitals and intensive care units. The aim of this study was to identify airborne fungi in operation rooms of hospitals in Mashhad. Materials and Methods: This study performed in 13 hospitals in Mashhad during 2017-18. Samples obtained from 104 operation rooms using open plate method for culture. Fungi identified using conventional and molecular methods. The data analyzed by SPSS 16. This paper discuss about the results of conventional methods, only. Results: From 104 operation rooms, 403 specimens were collected. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., were the most common isolated fungi. Among the studied hospitals, No: 3 and 11 had the most and the least contaminated operation rooms respectively. Conclusion: Airborne fungi are present in operation rooms of hospitals in Mashhad, which could be a risk for immunosuppressed patients. A. flavus is the dominant airborne species.

Introduction: Anxiety disorder is a serious disorder which damages other psychological, communicative, social and emotional processes of the people too. Through investigating short-term training of executive function (step) in the people with anxiety disorder, Therefore the present study was conducted to adapt and investigate the validity of experiencing short-term training of executive functions (step) in the people suffering from anxiety disorder. Materials & Methods: A single-subject with A-B design was used in the present study. Four 19-13 year-old people were selected according to purposive sampling method. The participants of the study responded to the questionnaire of state-trait anxiety, Wisconsin’ s executive functions test and emotional regulation questionnaire as the research instruments before administering intervention. After measuring the base line, the intervention of step’ s training executive functions (Cantor, et. al., 2014) was administered in 12 sessions with the content of problem-solving, emotion regulation and attending to the cycle of emotion creation and then the posttest was administered. The findings of the present study were analyzed based on visual analysis and the indexes of descriptive statistics. Results: During visual analysis of data graph, training executive functions was effective on four subjects in a way that this treatment was able to lead to the decrease of state-trait anxiety and the improvement of executive functions and emotional regulation of the people with anxiety disorder. Conclusion: The results of the study implied the profitability of training executive functions on the state-trait anxiety, emotional regulation and executive functions of the people with anxiety disorder that according to these findings, this intervention can be employed to decrease state-trait anxiety and improve emotional regulation and executive functions of the people with anxiety disorder.