Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine
Year:2016 | Volume:22 | Issue:1 (77)|Papers Count:16

Background: Amphetamine and methamphetamine (MA) abuse is of significant social, economic and public health concern to affected communities and policy makers. While responses have focused upon various perceived severe harms of amphetamine and methamphetamine use, effective public health interventions require a strong scientific evidence base. The aim of this study is to identify the epidemiology of poisonings with these agents in Shiraz Shoushtari hospital.Methods: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study being performed in Shoushtari hospital during a 24-months period from September 2008 to September 2010. We included all the patients who referred to the hospital with acute poisoning and were diagnosed to have amphetamine and other neuro-stimulator agents poisoning. The demographic information as well as type of consumed toxin, route of consumption, vital signs, clinical signs and the outcomes was recorded using a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.Findings: Overall 9563 patients with acute poisonings referred to our center out of which 544 (5.68%) were neuro-stimulator agents’ poisonings. Out of these 439 (4.59%) were male and 105 (1.1%) were female. Crystal was the most common toxic agent being reported in 46.5% patients. Inhalation was the most common route of consumption being found in 60.8% patients. Crack, cocaine and crystal consumption was associated with male gender while Ritalin and ecstasy consumption were more common among females. Hallucinations were significantly higher in women (P=0.001) while dyspnea was more common among men (P<0.05).Complete recovery was associated with younger age (P<0.05). After the treatment, 81.2% of the individuals were completely treated, 18.8% with some adverse effects of drug abuse were discharged; 1.5% of the patients were in coma and no death was observed.Conclusion: Inhalation was the most common route of consumption which is due to its easy application. The prevalence of inhalation and injection was lower in women compared to men while those agents that can be easily consumed including Ritalin and ecstasy were more common among women. Adverse effects are correlated with type of consumed drug. Consumption of these drugs is considered medical emergencies which should be treated immediately and drug abuse should be considered as important educational subject for young people even for students and schools.

Background: Using stimulant substances is one of the main issues of public health in the recent decade. In such situation using opiates is changing to using stimulant substances. The present survey aims at comparing the rate of self-esteem, self- efficacy and self- regulation in opiates and stimulant substance dependents with normal people.Methods: This research is a observational, cross- sectional and cooperative research. The sampling in the study group is 108 person (70 person dependent to opiates and 38 person dependent to stimulant substances).They have been selected in availability method and the comparing group which includes 106 normal person has been selected randomly.Findings: Among self- esteem and self- efficacy, self- esteem and self- regulation, and finally self- efficacy and self- regulation, exist a positive and meaningful correlation. They are respectively as follows: (r=.048,P<0.01), (r=.055,P<0.01) and (r=.055,P<0.01).The opiate dependent people, the stimulant dependent people, and normal people are different significantly and meaningfully in the rates of self- esteem, self- efficacy and self- regulation. The rates of self- esteem in the opiate and stimulants dependent people is meaningfully lower than normal people but between two groups who are dependent to opiates and stimulant substances there is not a meaningful difference. Also considering the self- efficacy variable, there is a meaningful difference, between the opiate dependent people and the stimulant dependent people, and between the opiate dependent people and normal people. But no meaningful difference has been observed between stimulant dependent people and normal people. The results show that stimulant dependent people and normal people have lower self- efficacy rate. Consequently self- esteem, self- efficacy and self-regulation is preventive and protective factor against dangerous behaviors such as drug abusing.Conclusion: Since the different factors have rule in beginning of abusing drugs, therefore, the comparison of three derivatives of self (self- esteem, self- efficacy and self- regulation) is very significant in detecting fundamental factors responsible in prevention and treatment.

Background: The importance of hymen examination adjudicating the rights of sexual assault victims, and persistent increase in such crimes have drain attention of world’s medical and legal assemblies to use diagnostic equipments. Using of colposcope has also inflicted widespread changes in the examination of sexual assault victims. The present study was conducted with the purpose of studying the role and necessity of the use of colposcopy in virginity testing.Methods: In this study, a comprehensive review by using eleven local and foreign authentic databases, including Springerlink, Pubmed, Google scholar, Mdconsult and etc. was performed from 1980 to 2015.Findings: According to the role of technology in finding and documenting sexual assault trace evidences, use of suitable and accessible equipment is needed. Colposcope because of remarkable features such as zoom, direct measurement of important parameters, simultaneously broadcast of images on screen for consulting of examiners and training, not only had been attracted the attention of the health system of developed countries, but also because of increasing accuracy and easing examination and training and avoiding repeated examinations, in cases where other experts are required to comment on according to the court’s discretion, provides more satisfaction for clients and physicians.Conclusion: According to the role of exact hymen examination in exploring the injuries of genital area and being documentaries based on the role of colposcope in enhancing the accuracy of the examination and more satisfaction for physician and client, using this technology is recommended for training of examiners and for some special cases, such as counseling, medical commissions, and especially child victims of sexual abuse.

Background: One of the most important job stressors that dentists could be faced in their career is patient complaint. The aim of this study was to present profile of dental Practitioners’ malpractice in Mashhad, Iran.Methods: Complaint records about dentists in the Mashhad Medical Council, were evaluated during 2001to 2011. Variables such as location of treatment, gender of patient and dentist, type of dental treatment and causes of complaint. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software15. Findings: between 250 cases in 62.4%, dentists were not found guilty. Most dentists that they had complained of were male. Frequency of complaints related to general dentists (87.2%), endodontics (4.4%) and periodontics (2.4%), respectively. The most frequent failures were related to private offices (62.8%), private dental clinics (28.4%), charity clinics (3.2%) and finally hospital clinics (2.8%), respectively. The most frequent treatment-related side effects were loss of tooth by dentists (24.4%).Conclusion: Based on findings of the study, most of the defendants (dentists) were not faulty. Most of patients who complain against dentists were female and most of defendants were general men dentists. Majority of complaints concerned to private sectors, and periodontal surgery procedures.

Background: In the past decades, lip-print studies (Cheiloscopy) attracted many scientists as a new tool for human identification in civil, criminal issues and also genetic diseases. The lip prints are the normal lines in lip that is uniqueasa individually fingerprint and have patterns which are dependent on ethnicity and gender.Methods: In this research, after obtaining consent from cases, 96 femail person were studied of lip lines. For performing this research, for full- face photograph of lips, a digital camera (Canon Power shot A2200, 14.1 Mega Pixel) was used. Pictures transferred to the computer and by picture manager software, the pattern of each lip lines was studied. Then each image was divided into six areas. The frequency of each pattern (complete vertical, incomplete vertical, intersected, branch, reticular, irregular) were reported.Findings: The most frequent pattern in the right upper lip was intersected (36.4%), in middle upper lip, reticular pattern 35.4%, in left upper lip branch pattern 43.7%,in right lower lip intersected pattern 57.2%, In the middle of the lower lip complete vertical pattern 40.6%, in left lower lip intersected pattern 62.5% were observed.Conclusion: this study shows that in the included sampels the branched lip pattern is dominate type and incompelete vertical is rare type. Maybeamulti-gene system, as the controls lines of the skin, controls the skin lines histogenes is on the lip.

Background: 1.2 million people die and 50 million people are injured annually in road traffic accidents in the world. Iran as one of the countries with the highest incidence of accidents and deaths has been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the trend and situation of RTA in Iran in comparison with other countries.Methods: This study is based on the collection and re-analysis of data was performed. For this work, the World Health Organization reports about car accidents, especially reported in 2013, reports the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, as well as Legal Medicine Organization data were used, and traffic accidents indicators was compared with the number of countries in the region and the world.Findings: Road density and road per capita in Iran is much lower than in developed countries. Albeit, the number of cars per 1,000 inhabitants in Iran is much lower in comparison with developed countries like the U.S. and Germany as well as in neighboring (Turkey), but the number of deaths from traffic accidents in our country is much more. In Iran, deaths of pedestrians and motorcyclists almost are more than that of neighboring countries such as Turkey and developed countries. Also regarding to the implementation of regulations, including laws related to the use of helmets and speed unauthorized, Iran situation is much weaker.Conclusion: Although mortality from traffic accidents has declined somewhat compared to previous years, but still in our country indicators related traffic accidents compare to many countries in the region and the world is not in good condition.

Background: Medical malpractice is one of the most important objects occurring in different medical fields and the judiciary evaluate the subject only after complaints performed by patients or their relatives. In this regard, confronted by health care workers. In this regard, there was no complied and holistic study in the medical community on a national scale in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of orthopedic cases of medical malpractice from a legal and civil perspective referred to Legal Medicine Organization.Methods: In this retrospective register study all orthopedic malpractice complaints referred to Legal Medicine Organization in three years since 2008 to 2010 were evaluated.Findings: Totally, 677 orthopedic malpractice complaints including 188 women (28.06%) and 487 men (71.93%) were involved in this study. In 356 cases malpractices led to organ failure. Totally, Tehran with 403 cases of complaints had the most frequency of medical malpractice. Of the total complaints malpractice was detected in 280 cases and in 384 cases the malpractice was not recognized In fact, malpractice was diagnosed for 254 physicians, and 329 physicians no malpractice was not recognized.Conclusion: The most frequency of medical malpractice was observed in the field of orthopedics. The highest frequency was allocated to Tehran legal medicine center. Surveys also show a downward course of filing malpractice complaints in the field of orthopedics from 2008 to 2010.

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the stress, anxiety, depression and sexual role subjects involved gender dysphoria with normal subjects. These variables can be examined in raising awareness for people with families and community attitudes towards these subjects will be useful.Methods: The study design is descriptive. The study population included all patients who had a sex change candidate in 2013, which have been referred to Khorasan Razavi Legal Medicine Center. 35 cases selected in simple ways and completed DASS-21 questionnaire and sex role Sandrabem. The questionnaires were administered to the control group. Data using SPSS-nineteenth-and two-factor analysis of variance, multivariate analysis was performed.Findings: Between the study and control groups in terms of stress, anxiety, depression and sexual function, there are significant difference (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study shows that people with gender dysphoria, the scale of stress, anxiety, depression and sexual function gained higher scores than that of control group. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors to be addressed to parents and other family members who are suffering from this problem, and more information to be given in this regard for those who for cultural and social reasons and aspects of prejudice do not allow themselves to take action to address these clinical problems. The use of appropriate psychotherapy (individual, group therapy, family therapy and social counseling) for this clinical population (subjects involved gender dysphoria) has always felt.