JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Year:2007 | Volume:37 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

This study has striated to compare the job stresses and coping strategies amon 96 principals of public high schools (53 female and 43 male principals) in 10 educational districts of the city of Tehran. The data were gathered by means of two job stresses and coping strategies questionnaires. The results of the research show that there is no significant difference between the job stresses among male and female principals. The job stresses between the two groups related to role. Work relations in organization and structure stressors were similar. But the difference between two groups related to job and job environment was significant. The demographic variables as education job experience, and managerial experiences show a negative and significant difference. The findings of the investigation emphasize on a negative significant relationship between the problem-centered coping strategies in all four factors of seeking social support, accepting responsibility. planful problem solving and positive re-appraisal and the job stresses. At the same time, the findings of the research indicate that the emotional coping strategies in all four factors of confrontive, Distancing, escape-avoidance and self-controlling have a negative and significant co-relation with job stresses.

The aim of present research was to investigate psychometric properties (reliability, validity and factor analysis) of children depression inventory (Kovacs, 1981) in boy and girl students of junior high schools in Ahvaz. 399 boy and girl students were randomly selected by multi-stage sampling. The results of factor analysis extracted six factors. Among those, the greatest proportion of variance accounted for the first factor. In addition, the test-retest reliability coefficients for total inventory were obtained 0.81, split-half of 0.84, and internal consistency of 0.87. Also correlation coefficient between child depression inventory and short form children depression inventory for total sample were 0.36. For girls was 0.54, and for boys was 0.23. Multivariate Analysis of Variance indicated that there aren't significant differences between boys and girls, of Arabic and Persian language and course of study students in terms depression, but there is significant interaction between sex and course of study.

Educational innovations are concerned with application of new ideas in educational systems. Inclusive learning friendly environment (ILFE) may be considered as an educational innovation. Through the ILFE, educational and learning opportunities could be planned and implemented for school age population without discrimination on the basis of sex, physical disabilities, language, ethnic, et differences. A teacher in an inclusive learning friendly environment tries to improve the quality of learning environment and the quality of learner performance. The ILFE also emphasizes development of life skills in students. Furthermore, the ILFE as an innovative approach to providing educational opportunities is well suited for applying to Education for All (EFA) program. The EFA program which includes six goals was adopted by several international organizations and ratified by 164 countries. In this article, first, the goals of EFA are described. Then, characteristics of inclusive learning friendly environment are analyzed. Finally, application of the ILFE to achieve the goals of the EFA is discussed.

The relationship between creativity and mental health and the extend to which different aspects of creativity (elaboration, flexibility, fluency and originality) could predict different aspects of mental health, was studied in college students. 248 Subjects were selected as an available pool of subjects and they were given Creativity, Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem and Perceived Stress tests. The results showed a significant relationship between creativity and different aspects of mental health, namely anxiety, depression, self-esteem and perceived stress. More specifically, creative subjects were less anxious and less depressed; they experienced less stress and had a higher self-esteem. More over, regression analysis indicated that only the originality factor of creativity predicted the depression and perceived stress scores. The results of ANOVA on creativity scores of subjects from different faculties indicated that the subjects from the faculty of Fine Arts were significantly more creative than their counter parts in the faculty of Literature and Human sciences.

The earliest record of speech synthesis dates back to 18 century. However, it was with the advent of computer age that speech recognition became a viable option. Speech is essentially an easy and efficient means information exchange among humans. Thus establishing a capability for understanding and synthesis of speech in machines, also known as Speech Processing Technology (SPT), would speed up and facilitate information input. SPT is composed of three separate categories of Speech Recognition Technology, Speech Synthesis Technology) and Speech Encoding. While traditionally it has been easier to synthesis speech than recognition, the current speech synthesis systems use standard phonetics for any given language. The present paper while providing a capsule summary of various techniques involved in SPT, would primarily focus on its application within a library environment. SPT could be used for reciting of printed texts, e-mail, newscasts and documents. It provides a tremendous potential for empowering the handicapped patrons, especially in making search results available in form of a talking list. SPT also has application in dictation, document generation, navigation, multi-media indexing and speech translation. It could also be deployed within traditional library technical services, such as inventory control, cataloging, and database searching. The main drawback is the low quality of speech generated, its susceptibility to ambient noise level, audio signal degeneration, etc.

The current article is an attempt toward analysis, criticism, and explanation of Nietzche's thought in the field anthropology, Nietzche is a Philosopher who has paied attention to different philosophical and education"1 issues, he had special interests towards these issues, Taking into consideration the fact that in our country are spectabale body of inguiery has not been conducted about Nietzches' anthropology and education, it was decided to investigate and analyze the thoughts of this philosopher in the area of anthropology and education. He discusses certain educational methods for reaching to the state of this superman such as the use of dialogue, critical thinking, and self discipline. The hypotheses forwarded in this research are: 1.Nietzche's educational goal is to elevation of humanity to the condition of the superman.2. The content areas of concern for Nietzche include philosophy, cultural issues arts, leatritare, Asthetics, history, ethics and physical education. 3. His educational methods include dialogue, group discussion, and critical thinking, compensatory method, self discipline, self-control.The research method used has been the analytical and descriptive methods. The results of the research were that all of the mentioned hypothesis was found to be true.

Birth weight has important role in infant's health. Research has shown infants with low birth weight are at risk for disabilities, more than infants with normal weight .Also, many studies were shown relationship between low birth weight and handicapps. The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between low birth weight and handicapps. 3857 individual (5 to 25 age) with mental retardation, visual impairments, hearing impairments, physical disabilities, multiple disabilities and autism participated in this study .Analysis of the data involved descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency and percentage and univariat kolmogrov-smimov. The findings revealed that 63/43 percent had less than 3 kg and more than 21 percent of them had less than 2/5 kg birth weight.

The present survey has been done to observe the relation between conservation of number and variation based on Piaget's theory. According to Piaget, number is a gathering of seriation and classification. When the child attains the ability of conservation, she cans correspondence one by one. While doing this, she/he not only arranges the elements but also classifiers it. The main question is that if number is a gathering of seriation and classification is there any cause and effect relation between number and seriation or they simply have a high dependence and will be fixed in a determined age. According to these facts, two hypotheses have been proposed according to which every sample that has the quality of conservation of number, she/he can arrange it too. The other hypothesis is that there is a high dependence between number's score and operational seriation score. To test these hypothesis, 180 school students in Tehran were selected from among three age group of six, seven and eight years old. They were selected randomly and phase. Data were gathered based on clinical method of Piaget and using clinical interview. They were tested by Pearson, T test and ANOVA. The results showed that age was the major factor in cognition development and Iranian children has the ability to conservation of number and operational seriation between the age of 8 to 8 years old and eleven month. And also there is no cause and effect relationship between conservation of number and the ability of serration. But these two abilities have a high dependence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between managers' attitude and Job factors at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.Managers at ferdowsi University of Mashhad Participated in the study and completed the Job Stress Scale (JSS) and the Managers Orientation Scale (MOS).The results revealed that:1.There is an inverse relationship between managers' attitudes and their Job stress factors.2. There is an inverse relationship between operational managers' attitudes and their job stress factors.3. There is no significant relationship between the high and middle managers' attitudes and their job stress factors.4. The high and operational managers experience significantly more job stress than middle managers.5. There is a meaningful relationship between the high and middle managers Job stress and their attitudes, compared to that of operational managers.