JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Year:2007 | Volume:37 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

The aim of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Schema Questionnaire, including reliability and validity in a sample of university students (n=387). The original version of the Schema Questionnaire was made for measuring the early maladaptive schemas by Young adults. It is assumed that early maladaptive schemas may lead to psychological disorders. The factor analysis of 205 item of the schema Questionnaire confirmed the Young's offered schemas. The Short Form of Schema Questionnaire (SQ-SF) is made for measuring of 15 early maladaptive schemas based on original version (Young, 1998). Factor analysis with principle component method extracted 11 factors in this study. Results of SCL-25 Questionnaire showed that the Schema Questionnaire- Short Form (SQ-SF) has enough construct validity for students of university population.

Cognitive approach is one of the important approaches in explaining depression. According to Beck, depression starts and continues because of a non logical pessimistic attitude. These negative concepts and automatic repetitive negative thoughts are being considered as the central factors in depression. It has been shown that depressed individuals have significantly more negative thoughts compared to the normal ones. Furthermore, some authors have argued that the frequency of positive automatic thoughts is the most important factor in depression, whereas others maintain that the ratio of negative and positive thoughts is what matters the most. For the present study 200 students of the University of Tehran completed the Beck depression Inventory (BDI) and also the Automatic negative and positive thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-NP). Bifactorial and correlation analyses suggest positive and negative automatic thoughts not only are related to each other but also provide independent information. There is a direct relationship between depression and negative thoughts whereas the relationship between depression and positive thoughts is inverse. Furthermore, destruction of positive thoughts is a more striking characteristic of depression than the presence of negative thoughts. Destruction of positive thoughts is a more salient characteristic in depression compared with the absence of the negative thoughts. In other words, destruction of positive thoughts is related to the severity of depression not to depression itself.

One of the major problems in prisons is the high rate of criminal behavior of prisoners, including aggression and pugnacity, violation of prison regulations, carrying and using illegal drugs and addictives, self-murder and self-torture, disturbance seeking, upsetting the order of prison and destruction of public property. For comparison between monotheistic integrated therapy and cognitive therapy on reduction of above-said criminal behaviors, 90 prisoners of Qom prison were randomly chosen and organized into3 groups. As experimental groups, the group’s 1 and 2 were put under monotheistic integrated therapy and cognition therapy respectively for 6 months while group 3 was left without any interference except for critical cases. For 15 days, all groups were unnoticeably put under clinical observations by trained observers both before and 2 weeks after the treatments, while their illegal behaviors were recorded on especial notes. The analysis of acquired data showed that in both treatments, the rate of criminal behavior was reduced but in monotheistic integrated therapy, the reduction was meaningfully more noticeable.

The present paper has investigated the academic consortia formed in Iran and around the world for purchasing scientific information. It endeavored to design and suggest a suitable model for Iranian Academic Scientific Information Consortia using numerous mixes of qualitative and quantitative research methods that reflected the varied nature of the issue. Some of the methods used were action research, survey and content analysis. During content analysis stage, three main constructs were used, i.e."Need Assessment and Resource Evaluation", "Contracting and Legal Issues" and "Resource Sharing" which were extracted from the literature and the requirements, control method and government sponsors for each was documented as a sub-system. While emphasizing on sustainable system model most suitable for academic purchasing consortia for scientific information acquisitions, it is suggested that we should conduct further research in the areas of consortia strategic planning, and also by feasible studies in consortia- based consolidation of technical assets. The present research offers better applications in the higher education area.

Disciplined inquiry about problems of educational systems requires decision to be taken about an appropriate research deign. In making such a decision, the researcher tacitly assumes a philosophical point of view or a research paradigm. There are four research paradigms which are the basis for the selection of research methodology and research methods. These paradigms include: a) positivism, b) interpretivism , c) critical theory, and d)post - structuralism. The basis of quantitative research methods is positivism, and of the qualitative research methods are the other three paradigms, as mentioned above. Due to the nature and complexity' of problems in educational settings, neither of the quantitative and qualitative research methods, alone, would be fully appropriate to investigate them thoroughly. Therefore, there has been a shift toward applying a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Such a combination is called mixed method research. Based on the above, first a review of the philosophical points of view (paradigms) which are the basis of research methods is made. Then characteristics of mixed methods research are discussed and its applications in educational systems are described.

Bipolar disorder is one of the commonest psychological disorders and an important factor in attempting to suicide. people who suffer from bipolar disorders experience manic and depressive episodes. Bipolar disorder is remissionable not only treatment of acuities episode is important, but also preventive of remission is critical Although, the data in support of efficacy of anti-depression drugs and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), evidence shows that after stopping the drug, remission of symptom accrue. In addition, electroconvulsive therapy has negative side effect on memory and cognition. Thus, researchers and clinical experts developed several methods for treating this disorder. The results of recent studies have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective therapy in this field. The purpose of present case study was to examine of methods of cognitive – behavioral therapy combined with pharmacy therapy in the treatment of bipolar depression. For this two adult (one man, one woman) who suffered from bipolar disorder cognitive-behavioral therapy were used. In this method, the authors applied techniques such as self monitoring, positivism, relaxation, cognitive restriction, training problem solving and social skills. The results showed that cognitive- behavioral therapy is effective in treatment and presentation of remission of symptoms. The results of this study were discussed.

The adaptation and validation of the Mathematics Anxiety Scale was the purpose of the present study.70I first year high school students (499 females and 202 males) were selected from 8 public schools in the city of Booshehr. The construct validity of the scale was investigated through factor analysis. This analysis showed the following 4 factors: number and mathematics course anxiety, mathematics test anxiety, negative affection to mathematics, and being worry about their performance in mathematics. The results revealed a negative relationship between mathematics anxiety and attitude toward mathematics. It was also found that the relationship' between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement was negative. The reliability coefficients for 4 subscales of the Mathematics Anxiety Scale through the use of Cronbach alpha varied from 70 to 89 and the total scale being .92. Test re-test coefficients varied from .64 to .80 and .80 for total scale. The findings of this study revealed that the Mathematics Anxiety Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for the Iranian high school students.

The increasing monopolization of scientific information by publishers and the escalating prices of scientific, technical, and medical journals, motivated librarians and scientists to begin a series of campaigns to unfetter them. Aiming to investigate the nature of the phenomenon, the present communication tries to describe the underlying motivations giving rise to the movement, and to represent its major channels and patterns.