HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA
Year:2005 | Volume:- | Issue:23|Papers Count:12

Urban system and the spatial distribution of population and activities are of utmost importance, not only at the national, but also at the provincial level. Accelerated urbanization, coupled with concentration of population and activities in primate cities of the developing countries, requires a thorough analysis of the existing urban system both at the national as well provincial levels so as to adopt suitable policies for the guidance of this urbanization process.In this article the existing urban system of the Khuzestan Province, using such techniques as factor analysis and cluster analysis, is surveyed and analyzed. Based on the findings of these analysis, three alternatives for the future urban system of the Khuzestan Province is proposed. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria evaluation technique, is applied to select the most suitable urban system for the Khuzestan Province. The study also proposes that in studying the urban system of the provinces, the strengths, opportunities and potentials of the adjacent provinces also need to be taken into consideration.

Population of Sanandaj city was 340000 people in 2001, and this city with that population was creating 714 t/garbage in every day. From the several different ways to repulse of urban solid wastages, method of burial was the most important way that municipal of city to have recommended since 30 years ago. The results of this research display that the previous sites for burial the garbage were much better than the new one. Because in this have been ignore many of criteria and principle of choosing Place. So that is predictable that damaging affects falling out in environment. In this study, using different criteria such as distance from the city, street network and airport, Land use, land suitability, rural & community settlements, urban infrastructure, mineral, density of population, trend and pattern of physical development, conditions of rainfall and Groundwater, wind aspect, fault lines, soils, elevation (Triangular Irregular Network or Tin), slops, geology and so on. These parameters in special models fuzzy logic are composed and selected the best place presentation in 3 alternatives. They are located in the northeast of Sanandaj city. Finally, Site suggests is shown in map and Sanandaj Landsat image (ETM+ 2002).

A review on housing conditions in various countries and societies shows that almost all countries have housing problems. Some countries, mainly developing societies, confront housing problems in the contexts of quantitative aspects, such as housing shortage, population growth, migration and economic problems. The developed countries have housing problems in the contexts of qualitative aspects. Housing" indicators, on the one hand, are instruments for the recognition of housing conditions in various aspects. On the other hand, they are key instrument for the housing perspective and future conditions. This paper analyses some key urban housing indicators in Iran. The findings show that two types of factors affected Iranian housing indicators, including external and internal factors. External factors, such as population, economy and social factors, affected housing indicators at the national level. Internal factors affected housing indicators in some aspects. One of the most important internal factors is the way and process in which housing indicators are defined and applied. It is necessary to define the position of housing indicators scientifically and comprehensively. Research should be undertaken to define the relation between housing indicators and other factors. This process can improve housing and urban development plans.

Today, attention to urban public spaces as an essential issue in urban planning shows the most important role of these places in socio-cultural dimension of cities. Because in last decades cities challenged with so many problems likes revitalization, IT development, suburbation, and high density of activities in down town, it seems these spaces don't have any important role in urban planning patterns. In this paper, with focus of world related literature, we tried prepare a clear conceptual meaning of public space in new urbanism. As the results show, there is a relation between integrated and social capital with improving urban public space in cities.

The industrial revolution event creates changes in the West contemporary architecture in education and professional job including division of architect's duties, establishment of technical schools, production of new and strong materials, development of structural science and technology, separation of theory and practice, and economy. In this situation, architect and structural engineer cannot link therefore space and structure are formed separately. The abnormal outcome of this separation, propound the subject of the way of education and professional job in architecture for creating compatibility between space and structure based on present condition. This article aims to study this subject more carefully in practical and make architects and structural engineers to pay attention to harmonic point of space and structure and the way of real collaboration between them. The study of bases of creating compatibility between space and structure reveals that unity is created in accordance with criteria of compatibility in architecture and factors creating unity in past architecture.Therefore, compatibility includes "concepts of space and structure" and "total approach". Architectural space is a qualitative space and expresses the characteristics of human existential space. Structure means a conjunct composition of resistant and load-bearing elements. There are some requirements for structure such as regulation and geometry. In total approach, space and structure (and other elements) are propounded as correlative elements and elements related with "whole". Also, the cooperation between architect and structural engineer (and other engineers) is based on concept of "whole". Thus, they must interact from the beginning to the end of design process.

Mud brick is one of the materials of main structures of iranian ancient buildings. One of these buildings, is the Sam Castle in Kuhe- Khawje in Sistan. The necessity of restoration of this castle, shows the necessity of research about mud bricks. This paper deals with the finding an optimum composition for the mud bricks that used in restoration of the Sam Castle. The studies and the experiments show that the improved bricks (with the optimum composition) in comparison with the normal one; have a better quality. In addition to economical aspects, using agricultural and animal husbandrial wastages (that available in Sistan) must also be considered from the environmental views.

Reconstruction plans after a disaster may be an occasion for realizing development goals. This paper is going to assess development approaches to disaster management in Neka after the flood on fourth of Mordad. Achieving development goals is depended on a comprehensive planning, which includes all aspects of disaster management (from emergency settlement to reconstruction phase). Finally, this paper, after assessment of the disaster management and reconstruction, explores some major points, such as: Importance of correlation between development goals allocated financial resources, sequential planning for achieving development goals and taking priority to people needs above other plans after the disaster.

Architectural Criticism is one of the useful methods for enhancement the creativity of students. This feature is regarding systematic approach in architectural criticism and innovative architectural education. We could offer six common methods of architectural criticism in a package to our students, in order to lead them to innovative ways of thinking about architecture and architectural design process.1- Classic: this method focus on architectural prototypes, symbols and taboos. 2-Romantic: this method focus on architects believes and their intention thorough design process. 3- Formalistic: this method focus on the final form and characteristics of built features. 4- Contextual: this method focus on the context where the building is located or the context, in which its architect have designed it. 5- Phenomenological: this method focus on the audience which are your client or the users of your designed buildings. 6- Medium-Oriented: this method focus on the medium by which the building have been constructed or the characteristics of its architectural or structural technology. Teachers could possibly offer this paradigm to their students through critical projects in order to improve their ability in architectural criticism and enhance their creativity in architecture design.

The Industry of lithography in Qajar period revived the illustrated books. Illustrations in lithography were quite different, comparing with old paintings of books in old Iran, but the folkloric arts influenced them while at the same time the impact of these illustrations on folkloric art is undeniable. The result of such impacts was a change in tradition of form and content in make up of books.The aim of the present study is to explain the structural features of illustrated lithographical books. Here first we have gone through a short history of industry of printing, then different contents of lithographical books are explained and at the same time the picture of such books have been studied too. These painted books all follow a same principle in structure, which actually presents the traces of such heritage in old Iran and also sometimes gives a special shape to eidisazi, khialinegari and also creates new dimensions in techniques of illustration. A short and brief study of structure of make up in lithographic books shows the traditional trends of book publications, the application of visual elements and other artistic principles like usage of lines, jadval keshi, ketabat and illustrations at that time.

The great vault of Taqh-Bostan was built in western Iran by using an innovative compo sition techniques in the last years of Sassanide era.Finishing this artwork was a message of constancy, wrapped in the complicated structure and astonishing designs of the great vault, supported by the sturdy rocks of the mount which seems to stay steady forever.Designs of this vault present all cultural mysteries from various aspects. It can be considered as a source of information which lets us to know about Sassanide era.The paoper material, chosen for the specific order, the correspondence of the place to the used material, the techniques, accessibility of the surface, the appropriate layout of the designs and the designs themselves all refer to a clear yet implicit and mythical meanings from semiologic point of view which offers new approaches to consider this prominent work.

From the birth of the "Holy Defense Theatre" in Iran, which came about as a result of the Iraqi imposed war on Iran, many people including artists and scholars have classified this kind of theatre as religious drama. Despite the popularity of this view, it is not based on an academic definition. When considering the main features of religious drama such as subject, character, symbolism, quality and quantity of audience, audience participation in performances as well as performance environment, one sees that there are numerous differences between religious drama and "Holy Defense Theatre". As there are some similarities between these two forms of performances and as this type of theatre is related to the prevalent religious ideology of Iranian society, it is possible that by using the main features of religious drama in Holy Defense Theatre', ways can be found to further develop this theatre and make it more popular.

This research is based on comparing "Rustam" and "Kocholin" as two mythical and epic heroes in two different literature genres.In this essay these two heroes have been evaluated from plot and behavioral point of views.Both of these Heros, Rustam in Shah Nameh and Kocholin in Irish Dramatic Literature, kill their sons.This research concentrating on comparing and analyzing their behavioral roles in each part of their story.As a result, this research brings about how these two heroes have the same mythological roots and so many literature similarities and common senses, and finally presents most of their similarities as two different literature myths.