Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2011 | Volume:15 | Issue:3|Papers Count:14

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of infections in hospitals and vancomycin is used for the treatment of methicillin resistant S, aureus infections. Therefore, imergence of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced sensitivity to vancomycin is a serious problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to Vancomycin and to determine of their antibiogram patterns.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a period of one year and 104 strains of S.aureus were determined on the basis of gram staining, susceptibility to Novobiocin, production of catalase, coagulase and DNase. Susceptibility pattern to Vancomycin and others antibiotics by disk diffusion and MICs were determined by agar dilution methods, according to CLSI.Results: The highest sensitivity rates were observed to vancomycin (96.2%) chloramphenicol (88.5%), and rifampicin (81.7%). Prevalence of MRSA was 40.4%. The rate of VISA was 4 (3.8%).Conclusion: We recommend that clinicians must be aware of management of patients who are colonized or infected with VISA and VRSA and early detection of VISA and VRSA isolates should be considered at the earliest.

Introduction: stroke is the most important brain disease. Stroke leads to a reduction in bone density, altered calcium homeostasis, and an increase in hip fractures. Some recent studies show effects of vitamin D on stroke and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to determine of serum vitamin D levels in patients with acute stroke.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we compared the serum 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels of 44 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke with results obtained by measuring 44 healthy ambulant elderly subjects. Data were analyzed using T-test and ANOVA.Results: patients in two groups were male and the rest were female. The average age of all patients in both groups were 66.65±13.4. The mean of serum vitamin D in acute stroke was.18.1±6.33 and in control group was 19.54±5.28. There was no significant difference between the two groups on serum level of vitamin D. There was no significant difference between serum vitamin D with age and sex.Conclusion: There was no difference in serum vitamin D in patients with acute stroke and controls.

Introduction: Obesity is a complex disorder characterized by accumulation of excess adipose tissue. Discovery of the hormone Leptin is catalyzed the field of obesity research by demonstrating the existence of an afferent hormonal signal from adipose tissue to the central nervous system for regulation of body fat mass. The aim of this study was to assay serum Leptin concentration and some cardiovascular risk factors in response to aerobic exercise and weight loss diet in sedentary women.Methods: Thirty four women who were members of one of the diet therapy clinic in the west of Tehran- Iran were recruited and divided randomly into 3 groups as following groups: control group (C, n=10), low calorie diet (LCD, n=12) and aerobic exercise group (EX, n=12). Leptin and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. The probability levels of significance were based on the 2 paired sample t-test and one way ANOVA. Level of significance for all statistical tests were set at P<0.05.Results: Serum Leptin concentrations (ng/dl) showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in LCD (0.15±0.09), EX (0.37±0.06), after 16wk follow-up, and were different among experimental groups (P<0.05). Blood lipids (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C) were decreased within experimental groups, however there weren’t significant changes within and between groups. The ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C increased significantly within and between experimental groups.Conclusion: Serum Leptin concentrations showed significant changes within and between exercise and diet groups. Dietary intervention or exercise intervention was poor achieved improvements in cardiovascular risk factors. A combination of diet and exercise or longer duration of diet and aerobic exercise intervention may be closely related to significant decreases in lipid profiles.

Introduction: Considering the importance of information, providing the management with a reliable information system, can facilitate decision making regarding planning, organizing and controlling. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate information needs of managers at vice - chancellorship for treatment in Iranian medical science universities.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during 2009. The study population consisted all managers of vice-chancellor for treatment of 39 medical universities. Data collection was based on a predesigned questionnaire. In this study two methods of business system planning (BSP) and critical system factors (CSF). Data were analysed by SPSS software.Results: Of 669 identified information needs, 45% were initial information needs of managers. 12% of the needs were not priorities and thus excluded. 14% of information needs were obtained through the forms, 4% through the database, 21% through both the form and database, 5% through the web site and 56% were without any sources.Conclusion: It was shown that 56% of information needs of managers were without sources, So, designing management information system based on critical success factors and other scientific methods is necessary.

Introduction: Job stress is a problem in the work place. Nursing is one of the most stressful jobs. This stress leads to a decrease in quality of nursing cares. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational stress management program, based on Precede model, to decrease stress levels in nurses.Methods: A quasi experimental study was carried out on the nurses. The sample size was 29nurses from Fatemieh hospital as experimental group and 29 nurses from Beheshti hospital of Hamedan as control group. The samples were selected randomly. NSS and PSS were used to determine job and perceived stress and Precede scale was used for intervention. Six sections of intervention were done, each for 60-180 minutes. Nurses were followed for 1.5 months. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistic with SPSS-13.Results: The average score of job stress before intervention in experimental group was 113 and in control group was 109.82, with no significant difference. But, after intervention, the average score of job stress in experimental group was decreased to 94.03 and in control group was 109.2 (P<0.001). After intervention, perceived stress score average in experimental group decreased to 24.03, compare to control group that was 29.51 (P<0.01). After intervention, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors rate and stress management behavior in experimental group rather than control group were ncreased (P<0.001).Conclusion: Results showed efficacy and effectiveness of educational intervention based on Precede model to decrease nursing stress.

Introduction: Social capital is a multi-dimensional concept in social sciences and affecting on many areas of society. Nurses are at high risk of burnout. Studies on burnout have shown that social capital factors impact on burnout. This study aimed to determine the impact of social capital dimensions on the burnout of female nurses in Hashemi Nejad Hospital.Methods: This was a descriptive - analytic study. The population study sample was the all female nurses in Hashemi Nejad Hospital, (108 female nurses). Social capital and burnout questionnaires were used to collect the data. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient and t-test were used by using SPSS.Results: 70 nurses responded to the questionnaires. Female nurses showed highly emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, however, in terms of person performance, they had bottom exhausted. The findings showed that trust (P<0.01) and giving spirit (P<0.05) had significant relationship with burnout and influencing on that.Conclusion: Results showed that nurses have high burnout and social capital in some components, affecting on that. Promoting the social capital dimensions in hospitals' staff who are the most important service providers is crucial.

Introduction: Childhood obesity and overweight is a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7-11 years-old children in Bandar Abbas.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1350 students (689 girls and 661 boys) aged 7-11 years. The sample was collected by using cluster sampling technique. Body weight and high were measured directly. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the index for age and sex, respectively, as proposed by CDC in 2000. Other demographic characteristics were collected by a questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS software.Results: The prevalence of overweight was 12.8% in girls and 10% in boys; while the prevalence of obesity was 6.2% in girls and 10.9% in boys. Obesity was significantly associated with sex, father's job, parents' education and school type (P<0.05). There was not a significant relationship between overweight and mother's job, birth rank and living location in the city.Conclusion: According to our study, preventing strategies are suggested to control the overweight, obesity and subsequent consequences.

Introduction: Smoking cessation at any age is the most effective way to reduce disease progression especially in pulmonary disorders (COPD). Understanding the barriers against successful quit can increase efficacy of smoking cessation programs. It seems that one of the barriers is the experience of nicotine withdrawal syndrome. In this study we evaluated the relationship between successful cessation and intensity of the syndromeMethods: It is a cross sectional study. During one month period, all the volunteers who stoped smoking and were using nicotine gum, were investigated under supervision of a physician. At the end of the second week of smoking quit, the intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome was evaluated by using Minnesota test. To evaluate the relationship between intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome with the quit rate, Chi-Square test was used.Results: 298 participants were studied. 67.8% were male. At the end of the course. 45% were successful and 11% decreased cigarette smoking. 43.3% didn’t finish the course. The success rate with high intensity of anxiety, restlessness, craving and depression were 66.7%,62.5%,80.3% and 57.7% respectively. The success rate with low intensity of mentioned syndromes were 88%, 88.5%, 93.1% and 90.4% respectively (P=0.002).Conclusion: There was statistical relationship between the intensity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms (irritability, depression, restlessness, craving) and successful cessation. So, we should prevent and control this syndrome to enhance the rate successful rate cessation among the volunteers.

Introduction: Delivery mechanism is a spontaneous process without the need for intervention. But in cases where mother or baby is at risk, performing cesarean section will help to save the mother or the baby. Unfortunately, in most developed countries cesarean prevalence is over 50 percent, while the World Health Organization has emphasized, cesarean section be performed only based on the indication. This study will assesses the causes and factors influenced on choosing the delivery method.Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 396 primiparous pregnant women referred to Ardabil health center units in the last months of pregnancy in Ardabil city. Data were collected with questionnaire consisted of 54 questions in six parts. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, and t-test with using SPSS-15 software.Results: The mean age of referred mothers was 21.8±3.2 years. Majorities of mothers were high school graduates, and were housewives. In total, 70.7% of mothers expressed that they would probably or definitely be normal vaginal delivery with labor, but at the end of their pregnancy, cesarean section with 58.6% was the dominant method for delivery. Physician advice with 36.6% was the most influential factor on the delivery method choosing. Women attitudes towards caesarean section was significantly reduced after delivery.Conclusion: Social factors and motivation to comply, particularly from physicians and health personnel have a significant impact on the health-related behaviors. Regarding these social factors, upgrading knowledge and attitude of mothers toward vaginal delivery is effective in selection of delivery method and strengthening of maternal intention and social supports.

Introduction: German cockroach (Blattella germanica, Insecta: Blattodea: Blattellidae) is considered one of the most common household pests which can transfer pathogenic agents and also cause allergic reactions. Frequent and uncontrolled spraying caused resistance in German cockroach to insecticides. In this study we aimed, to determine the malathion and chlorpyrifos resistance mechanism of German cockroaches using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S, S, Stributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) by surface contact.Methods: Eight wild strains of German cockroach were collected by hand catch and trap, and transferred to the insectarium and reared in special glass breeding containers. The susceptible strain was used to compare the results of wild strains to the mentioned strain At first the discriminative doses of malathion and chlorpyrifos were determined. 179.14 mg/m2 and 6.63 mg/m2 at 30 minutes of contact were considered as the discriminative doses of malathion and chlorpyrifos, respectively. Then the susceptibility level and resistance type mechanisms of collected strains to mentioned insecticides using PBO and DEF synergists were studied by surface contact method simultaneously at 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 ratios of synergists and insecticides, respectively. For data analysis ANOVA method was used.Results: The results showed that all wild strains had a degree of resistance to chlorpyrifos and malathion that showed significant differences compared to susceptible strain (P<0.05). Using the 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 synergistie in chlorpyrifos insecticide-resistant strains, the mortality rate was increased 5-10%, 5-19.5% and 5-20%, respectively (P<0.05). In malathion insecticideresistant strains, the mortality rate was increased 2.5-80%, 2.5-100% and 2.5-100%, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, significant differences between proportions of ratios of PBO with chlorpyrifos was observed (P<0.05(. Conclusion: Possibly other mechanisms such as reduction of cuticle penetration or acetyl cholinesterase enzyme insensitive resistance could be involved.