PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Year:2007 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

The present research aims to investigate the efficacy of "Structural Family Therapy" on treating children's separation Anxiety through altering the family structure, reducing parents, conflicts and promoting family functioning.Adopting a quasi-experimental method, the researcher performed a pretest-posttest intervention and repeated measures procedure. Forty families having at least one child with Separation Anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to four equal groups: Two experimental groups (parents of one group had low literacy level and the parents of the other group had high literacy level) and two control groups (parents with low and high literacy levels.)The two experimental groups under went same treatment for nine sessions. Additionally, they participated in a follow-up session six weeks after the last intervention session. Then a multi-modal assessment of anxiety was performed including Spence's Children's Anxiety Scale" and a diagnostic interview based on DSMIV- TR criteria (2000). The control groups were left untreated.The results of factor analysis and repeated measures of Tukey post-hoc indicated the significant effectiveness of Structural Family Therapy on ameliorating children's separation Anxiety (at p<0.001), while no significant difference was reported on the efficacy of the intervention program for literate and non-literate families.

Objective: This research design which is a single case study, aimed to examine the efficiency of parent's training on reducing problem behaviors of AHDS children.Method: Subjects were four mothers that had ADHD children. In order to control the impact of drug, children were selected among those who were treated under atleast 6 months of pharmachotherapy with Ratalin. All the four subjects were trained under 8 sessions of behavioral change for their ADHD children. These trainings were individually based on weekly session.Subjects were evaluated before intervention, after intervention & one month later in the follow up stage, using "Conners Parent Rating Scale - Revised: Short Form" & "ADHD Rating Scale: Home Version". Findings: The findings indicated that parent's training could reduce problem behaviors in 3 children. But could not effect on core symptoms of ADHD. Results: Overall, parent's training was efficacious in reducing problem behaviors of ADHD children, but had no effect on hyperactivity, impulsivity & inattention of these children.

Many researches, educational experts and social critics have been discussing that internet is changing the life of the people but are debating on positive and negative aspects. The goal of this research was to study this impact of internet on depression, social loneliness and family relation of female high school students in Tehran.The family relation questionnaire, children depression Inventory (CDI) and UCLA Loneliness Scale have been used to obtain the data.The research was done in two stages. The 227 subjects were selected on the base of cluster random sampling (115 internet users, 112 non internet users).The results of "t" showed that there were no significant difference in three variables between two groups For the second stage according to the obtained data, 25 users( average 10 hours or more), and 25 non users were selected. The finding showed that there were significant differences between two groups in all three variables.

Seven- hundred and twenty- six undergraduate students of Tehran universities in the field of humanities & technical-engineering science have been studied on empathy aspects, identity styles and commitment. The "Interpersonal Reactivity Index" (IRI) (Davis, 1983) and "Identity Style Inventory" (ISI-6G) (White, Wampler & Winn, 1998) were utilized.Results of correlation indicated that emotional empathy had a significantly positive relationship with normative and avoidance identity styles and significantly negative correlation with commitment. Cognitive empathy (Perspective-taking) had a significantly positive correlation with information identity style. Multiple regressions analyses suggested that the most important predictor's variables for emotional empathy were respectively: nonnative identity style, commitment, sex, educational major and avoidance identity style. The most important predictor variable for perspective-taking was information identity style. Finally, multiple regression analyses for predicating commitment based on survey variables suggested that the most important predictor's variables for commitment; informative and nonnative style were positive and respect to emotional empathy and avoidance style were negative.

The goal of this study was to consider the effectiveness of training emotional intelligence components (emotional self- awareness and impulse control) on negative effects of addiction to internet (compulsion use and social withdrawal). High school male students in district 3 of Tehran were statistical population of this research that 30 of them in "Development center of Iran Exports" selected randomly based on diagnostic tests of addiction to internet. Then, they were divided into control and experimental groups. The Experimental group received training for emotional self- awareness and impulse control. Because of research design(pre-test and post-test with control group), measuring tools for addiction to internet, Bar-on emotional intelligence, Kaplan's Problematic Use of Internet (2002) were implemented at two times (before and after training). Gathered data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and covariance analysis methods. Results suggested that emotional self-awareness, impulse control and overall emotional intelligence significantly increased in experiment group after training. The rate of compulsion use of internet and social withdrawal for users that we trained, significantly decreased. The difference of these variables in control group was not statistically significant.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hardiness on coping styles with stress. Two hundred and seventy-four volunteer students (97 males, 177 females) from different faculties of the University of Tehran participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Hardiness Scale (HS) and Tehran Coping Styles Scale (TCSS). Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and regression analyses. The results revealed that hardiness was positively associated with both problem focused and positive emotional focused coping styles while negatively related to negative emotional focused coping style. Hardiness predicted coping strategies of problem focused and positive emotional focused positively, and coping strategies of negative emotional focused negatively. Different coping strategies are supposed to be influence by hardiness through increasing self confidence; reinforcing a sense of independence and autonomy, a clear sense of direction, an active approach in stressful situations; concentrating cognitive, affective, and behavioral abilities on goals; stress buffering; and positive interpersonal relationships.

Today psychologists look at the culture as traditional and communicated meanings and practices. They focus on how these meanings and practices are shaping the individual identity. The aim of the present study was understanding that how ethnicity and gender can influence the gender role characteristics and stereotypes of female and male students of two ethnic groups (Persian and Kurdish) of Iran. Bern sex role inventory- Persian form- and a general demographic questionnaire were administered. The data were gathered randomly from 156 Kurdish and Persian female and male students. Results showed that there were no differences between two groups of female students in gender role stereotypes. But there were significant differences between two ethnic groups of male students according to femininity (t=2.5) and four different gender role stereotypes (c2= 7.1). Data also showed that both ethnic groups evaluated masculine traits more positive than feminine traits. Results had been discussed on different theoretical bases about femininity and masculinity.