PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Year:2007 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Objective: To investigate and compare the coping strategies in stressful situations in normal and delinquent adolescents. Method: The CISS (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations) by Endler and Parker was administered to a sample of 175 adolescents (boys and girls aged 15-18 years). 52 delinquents living in correctional center of Tehran and 123 high school students of Tehran. The data was analyzed by (ANOV A).Results: The coping strategies used by normal and delinquent adolescents (boys and girls) were significantly different. There were significant differences between the two groups of normal and delinquent adolescents in using coping strategies regarding the gender factor.Conclusion: in this research the significant difference in coping strategies. In stressful situations between the normal and delinquent adolescents indicates the important impact of adequate coping styles with stress as one of the preventive factors of delinquency in adolescents. Also as an asset for helping them to adjust with changes and stressors.

To investigate relationship between emotional intelligence and Rotter's locus of control with psychological well being. Bar-On's emotional intelligence test (1997). Rotter's locus of control (1996) and Ryff's psychological well-being questionnaire (1989). were tested on the 314 university student's (male and female) with the correlational design and clustralsampling. The results show that relationship between components of emotional intelligence and locus of control. general emotional intelligence and psychological well-being. and components of emotional intelligence and psychological well- being. in level of p<0.01 with the use of correlation coefficient was significant. It means that the students with high level of emotional intelligence and internal locus of control had better psychological well-being. The results of analysis of regression show that 58.9 percent of total variance of psychological well being can be estimated from emotional intelligence.Also the results showed that just 67.5 percent of interpersonal emotional intelligence components and general mood explain the psychological well-being.

A study of arithmetic (quantitative thinking dimension) and difficulties of students in this discipline is one of the challenging issues in special education and educational psychology. The aim of present study was to investigate problems of girls and boys in third grade in calculation (addition type). Addition type includes: basic addition. Addition with earring ones and tens addition with three digits number and mastering concept of zero. The sample was 448 students (200 boys and 248 girls) from third grade in Shiraz elementary schools. The data were gathered by a teacher- made test which had 167 items, and presented in three steps. Split- half coefficient was 0.81 and Cronbach alpha was 0.86. The content and convergent validity were confirmed. The data were analyzed by MANOVA, t-test and repeated measures. The results showed that the third graders had the most problems in placement and regrouping and the least problems in mastering the concept of zero, in all of types of additions boys showed more errors than girls. The results also indicated that the students have more problems in horizontal than vertical addition.

In this research, the relationship of attachment styles and social self-esteem were examined. The main goal of the current research was to study the type of relationship of secure attachment style, avoidant attachment style, anxious/ambivalent attachment style with social self-esteem. Number of 84 post graduate and doctoral students in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad (52 male and 32 female) participated in this research. Subjects are asked to complete Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), Revised Adult Attachment scale (RAAS), and social self-esteem inventory. To analyze research data, statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used. Research conclusions showed that secure attachment style, avoidant attachment style. anxious/ambivalent attachment style can significantly explain variation of social self esteem variable,(P<0.05, P<0.01). That is increasing in secure attachment style lead to increased social self esteem and increasing in avoidant attachment style and anxious/ambivalent attachment style lead to decreased social self-esteem. Attachment styles affect social self-esteem through affecting the quality of social relationships (either positive or negative) and lead to increased or decreased social self-steam.

The main aim of present study was the neuropsychological functioning across different states of bipolar illness. Several domains of cognitive functioning were examined in 15 depressed bipolar patients. 15 manic bipolar patients and 15 euthymic bipolar patients. The comparison group consisted of 15 healthy subjects without history of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychological battery assessed executive function attention and verbal and visual memory. ANOVA and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data. No significant differences were found between depressed manic and euthymic bipolar groups the three patient groups showed cognitive dysfunction in verbal memory and executive function in relation to the comparison group. A poorer performance was observed in all bipolar groups regarding executive function and verbal memory in relation to the healthy comparison subjects.

The present research aimed to evaluation of psychometric properties of Body Image Concern Inventery (BICI) and examines a model about the relationship between body mass index, body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem, too. There for. Two hundred nine high school girls, which selected through cluster random sampling, responded to Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and BICI. The reliability coefficients of the BICI were calculated in spilt-half and internal consistency methods, which were 0.66 and 0.84 respectively. The validity of the inventory was investigated by construct validity (factor analysis and subscale-total correlations). Factor analysis of the inventory using oblique rotation based on scree test showed 2 factor labeled dissatisfaction of the body and interference with social function, which covered 39.88 percent of the total variance. In subscale-total correlations, correlation coefficients of two factors with total score were 0.87, 0.82 and with together was 0.45. In part, examination of model each of paths existing in model investigated by path analysis that only the path body image dissatisfaction to self esteem was significant and remained in model and rest of the paths removed. In general findings of the research confirm appropriate validity and reliability of the Persian form of Body Image Concern Inventory and showed that we can simply apply this instrument in clinical and research situation for evaluation one's attitude of personal appearance. But considering the findings, the model presented in this research was not verified.

Many jobs have stressful situations. Burn out will occurred when job stress is high and no action takes for coping with it. In present survey, the effectiveness of Fordyce's happiness cognitive-behavioral Model if happiness were studied on decreasing burn out of social workers.24 samples were randomly selected among the social workers with low burnout grades and divided in two groups (experimental and control).After 8 sessions of group counseling, the results showed the significant difference among control and experimental groups (0/000). It means Fordyce's cognitive behavioral groups counseling of happiness were useful for decreasing burn out of social workers.