PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Year:2008 | Volume:4 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

The purpose of this study was to assess the addiction potential among high school male students in Freidan city as well as determining the share of mental health (no existence somatization, anxiety, social maladjustment, and depression), individual and demographic characteristics, family factors, and factors related to school and peers in predicting their addiction potential were examined. The sample consisted of 232 students of 10 classes of 50 classes from male theorical high school in Freidan city in 84-85 school year who were selected using simple random sampling. For assessing the mental health of subjects General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used; Addiction potential was measured by Addiction Potential subscale (APS) from the Addiction Assessment Questionnaire. For assessing individual and demographic characteristics, family factors, and factors related to school and peers three researcher-made questionnaires were used. Descriptive statistics and stepwise regression were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that 68.8% of male high school students of Freidan city had very little potential for addiction (scores I-I 8); 20% of them had little potential for addiction (scores 19-20); 8.1% of them had an average potential for addiction (scores2l-22); 5.7% of them had high potential for addiction (scores 23-24); and 2.4% of them have very high potential for addiction (scores25 and above). Results of stepwise regression showed that mental health can significantly predict the degree of addiction potential in male students(P=0.00);but adding each one of variables of individual and demographic characteristics, family factors, and factors related to school and peers to addiction potential variable cannot increase significantly the predicting power of addiction potential in male high school students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Training cognitive-behavioral therapy integrated program with positive approach on violence reduction and prevention in adolescents of city of Tehran.The hypotheses were:1- Training cognitive-behavioral therapy integrated program with positive approach reduces aggression in adolescents.2- The mentioned program increases the anger control skill in adolescents.For this purpose the Adolescents' Aggression Inventory was developed in this research and it was administered to 200 adolescents (boys and girls) aged between 13-14 years.Also the Anger Control Inventory from the PACT program was administered to this group.A sample of 48 students (24 boys and 24 girls), who had obtained the highest scores on Adolescents' Aggression Inventory, and the lowest scores on Anger Control Inventory, were selected and divided randomly into two groups of experimental and control, each containing 12 adolescents. The experimental group received the "Training cognitive-behavioral therapy integrated program with positive approach, in 12 sessions. Then the two inventories were administered again to the experimental and control groups as post-test.The hypotheses were verified by ANOVA, and were confirmed. So the program of "Training cognitive-behavioral therapy integrated program with positive approach" was effective in reducing aggression and violence, and increasing anger control in adolescents.Meanwhile boys scored higher than girls in aggression, and the difference was significant.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changing life style on increasing marital satisfaction of persons consulting at health care centers in Tehran. For this purpose, the method of available sampling was used to choose 72 participants out of the whole clients consulting health care centers in Tehran. Those people were not satisfied with their marital relationships. These participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and INRICH inventory was administered as the pretest. Then 11 sessions of changing life style group therapy were conducted for the experimental group. The control group received no intervention. The same test was administered to both groups as the post test. To interprete the results, analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that marital satisfaction in experimental group was significantly higher in comparsion to the control group in post test (p<0.001).

The main purpose of this study was to investigate factorial construction of Occupational Burnout Questionnaire in a group of TV employees. A sample consisting of 187 TV employees were selected by cluster sampling. Factorial construction of Occupational Burnout Questionnaire was investigated through exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis specified that 4 items had a high factorial effect in more than 1 factor. Therefore, for the assessment of models by Confirmatory factor analysis, in a number of models these items (4 items mentioned above) were eliminated and the others placed on 2 factors. As a result, this investigation showed that for the observed data a model with 3 factors had a more Concordance to 18 items.

This study investigates the impact of an Adlerian therapeutic program on marital satisfaction among the wives of veterans experiencing PTSD and their PTSD symptoms amelioration. To achieve this goal, 30 couples were selected randomly from the cases who were residing at Sadr Psychiatrical Hospital during 1383-1385. These couples were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The women of experimental group participated in ten 2-hour sessions and were trained with the Adlerian program, and the control group was in the waiting list. Instruments were consisted of Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire that was used for both men and women, and PTSD Interview, which was only performed for men. Both experimental and control groups were subjected to pre and posttests. The MANCOV A and MANOVA analysis revealed that the symptoms of PTSD in experimental group had a significant reduction in comparison with control group. Although the marital satisfaction of couples in experimental group were reported to be improved, no significant difference was observed in women. As a conclusion, this study provides evidence that Adlerian approach can be useful in treatment of PTSD cases.

Background: Etiologic studies, are regards social phobia as a  complex multi-factorial reality and the overt expression of a complicated interaction of physical, social and psychological factors. The recognition of role of the negative propensities such as low self-efficacy, has been an aims of researchers with, specially, Bandura's Social Cognitive approach.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the role of self-efficacy constructin explanation and prediction of student's social phobia, in framework of Bandura's Social Cognitive ModelMethod: This study was conducted with survey and cross-sectional method. Data were collected from 220 students of Yazd University, from seven educational groups, between 23 of October and 23 of November 2006. These Students were selected to random sampling. These Students then responded to Standardized Scales: General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN).Results: The results showed significant Correlation between self-efficacy and social phobia (P<.001),as a whole, and between self-efficacy and components of fear of people in authority (P<.001), fear of criticism and shyness (P<.001),and fear of talking in public and talking to strangers (P<.001), specially. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis Showed that the self-efficacy variable explained for 20.1% of the variance in social phobia.Discussion: The findings of present study was approved the validity of self-efficacy as the central construct of Bandura's Social Cognitive theory in explanation and predition of social phobia in students.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of spiritual well-being scale among university students. 521 From universities in Tehran students (209 men and 312 females) selected for this purpose. Result indicated that internal consistency and test-re test reliability coefficients were. 90 and. 85 respectively.The subscale reliabilities were acceptable. Convergent and divergent validity coefficients were appropriate. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale had construct validity. The finding also indicated Females' spiritual well-being means score was significantly higher than men.