RESEARCH ON SPORT SCIENCE
Year:2006 | Volume:4 | Issue:11|Papers Count:14

This research has been studied with the purpose of analyzing the content of physical education book 1 for first grade of primary school and is published in 2001 (experimentally), base on Bloom educational ranges domain & aesthetics aspect. The statical sample of this research was the book itself that has 38 pages with a cover, a cover book & also the pages with have no number. The questionnaire is prepared according to main variables which were Bloom educational domain & aesthetic aspect. Prescriptive statistics, percentage, abudance & ratio have been used for analyzing information. The results show that Bloom domains & movement rings (locomotor, balance, rotation) have not been considered. Also there has been no special consideration in a childish aesthetic aspect & not caring to the traditional games at. all, but more attending to the pictures of the boys.

The purpose of this study was the investigation of the ways to improving productivity in place, facility and equipment in Iran Sport Organization. The data was collected by using questionnaire, interviewing and studding organizational topography.A questionnaire covering human resource, users, financial resources, organizational structure, and management and planning was prepared. It was then validated through a pilot study.The results indicated that the safety and accessibility were the more important factors in increasing the productivity of the organizational structures. In the financial resources, the maintaining and repair of the indoor and outdoor games places were the most important factors. In, from manager's point of view, the satisfaction of users was very critical, and specialist individuals and the number of person who are in public service were very important.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic training on plasma letpin levels in obese women. The obese women of Azad Islamic university-branch of Khorasgan (age 25±5 years) were asked to complete a questionnaire including individual characteristics, disease history, total amount of physical activity and the amount of received calories. Body fat percentage was measured using the body composition analyzer.Among65 people with their body fat percentage between 35-45%, 20 persons were selected randomly and divided into training and control groups. To measure the letpin and insulin levels (ELISAT echnique), their blood samples were taken before having breakfast. The experimental group performed an aerobic training, including20 minutes running with 70-80% of individual's maximum heart rate on treadmill, three times a week for three months. Then all the parameters in both groups were measured again. To compare the pre-test and the post-test data the covariance analysis was used. Eventually, the results showed that aerobic training decline weight (p£0.001), body fat percentage (p£0.004), BMI (p£0.004), plasma leptin (p£0.001) and plasma insulin level (p£0.020) significantly. In this study we observed that aerobic training causes a decrease in plasma leptin level and other related parameters, therefore in attentionof the new studies about the factors which effects the letp in levels in treatment of obesity, probably the exercise has an important role. It is obvious than more researches are needed.

The purpose of this study is to compare the thinking styles, hardiness, social skills and educational progression in athletes with non-athletes students. For this field, 210 students were randomly selected. The instruments of this study were Thinking Style Inventory, Hardiness Scale, and Social Skills Scale, and for educational progression, the researcher used the scores average of academic terms.Results indicated that there is a significant difference in thinking styles, hardiness and social skills between three groups. In otherwise, variables among athletes were higher than other groups. Also, results showed that academic achievement in solitary athletes is higher than other groups (p£0.05).

In the world today, endurance training has became popular among many people and especially the youth. Athletes also practice endurance trainings for their readiness and physical fitness. In the other hand, endurance trainings are used for the rehabilitiation of injured athletes and is known as one of the best methods for having a healthy life. Paying enough attention to the mechanism of endurance training, which affect the growth of skeletal muscles seems very important. As a matter of fact, this survey has evaluated the effect of 12 weeks endurance training on the changes in the density of GH, IGF-I, IGFBPs and Testosterone hormones. The test's sample consisted of 15 non-athlete university students with the averages of age (18.8±1) years, weight (61.73±8.9) kilograms, and height (175.2±6.7) centimeters. The samples were elected randomly among the enrolled students in the general Physical Education courses. For the period of 12 weeks, these students took part in the endurance trainings, 3 session of 30 minutes per week. The blood sampling was also taken before and after the 12 weeks, prior to the breakfast time. The blood samples were analyzed in laboratories with RIA methods, and T test was used to examine the collected data. The results of this research showed that there is a significant relation between the 12 weeks endurance trainings with 80% of IRM, and the increasing amounts of GH, IGF-I, IGFBP1, IGFBP3 and testosterone hormones.

The position of scapulae is more important on desirable posture and prevention from injuries. Position of this bone in an unnatural state is considered as a deformity. Winged scapulae, unbalanced shoulders, and round shoulders, are among these deformities.The purpose of this study is to investigate a period of training program on position of scapulae by EMG. The subjects of this study were 80 male students aged between 16 to 18 years, with mean height of 170.1±6.4cms, and mean weight of 55.4±8.9 kg, whom were selected randomly. The subjects, according to the distance between their two scapulas were divided into three groups of abducted scapulas" (more than 20 cms)", "normal scapulas" (17-20 cms), and "adducted scapulas" (lower than 17 cms). Fifteen subjects from group of "abducted Scapulas" were included in an 18 session training program. A Post test was taken from these subjects, in order to assure accuracy of program affect, electromyography (EMG) of levator scapulae and trapezius muscles of 15 subjects with 25% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were measured pre and post training. The remaining 10 subjects from "abducted scapulas" group were used as control group. T-test was used in order to distinguish the effects of training program on variables, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in order to distinguish the difference between three groups (a=0.05). The results of this study indicated that the training program cause a difference on the position of the scapulas. The distance between the scapulas and their asymmetry were reduced. EMG activity of the selected muscles also increased significantly (p£0.05). It is concluded that, measurement of stability position of the scapulae is a suitable index for evaluation of individual's posture. We can also emphasize that with design and implementation a sound training program that deformed position of the scapular bone could be changed and the deformities related to that could be prevented and corrected. This in turn will improve those people's general health, posture and physical capabilities.

Body composition is a key component of an individual's health and physical fitness profile. Obesity is a serious health problem that reduces life expectancy by increasing one's risk of developing coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes (type II), obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoarthritis, certain types of cancer and Body is composed of water, protein, minerals and fat. On the other hand, body composition divides into fat and fat free mass component. Purpose of this research was estimating body composition components in male students of Shahrood Technology University Via the body composition national norm of Iranian students.Subjects of this study consisted of 70 male students with average age (20.8±61.72). Averages of weight (69.34±13) and height (175.90±6.42) that randomly chose for evaluating body composition components. Body composition estimated with Body composition analyzer system that measured body composition components with bioelectrical impedance method.Results of data analysis with SPSS software revealed that: average of fat mass was (11.22±6.06 kg), average of waist to hip ratio (WHR) was (0.80±0.005), average of body mass index (BMI) was (22.37±3.69) and average of body fat percent (BF%) was (15.50±5.33). In compared with national norms for male students 35% additional fat and 13%, in WHR 17% were at risk, in BMI, 30% over weight and 33% under weight.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight-week incremental aerobic training on A & B Apo Protein of blood serum of non-athlete men. For this reason, 24 men participated in this study voluntary. They were divided into two groups consisting of 12 subjects randomly: 1-experimentalgroup, with averages of age (27.4±5.2) years, height (176.9±6.7cm) weight (70.2±4.6kg) which performed one protocol of aerobic running training in 3 sessions for 8 weeks, each with determined duration of 20-35 min and intensity of 60-75% HRmax. 2- control group with averages of age 28.2±6 years, height 174.5±5.5 cm and weight 67.2±5.8kg.Analyzing the data by using dependent and independent T-test showed that:- Endurance training has a significant effect on A Apo Protein of experimental group (P=0.01).- There has been a significant difference considering AApo Protein in post test of both groups (P=0.01).- While endurance training has no significant effect on B Apo Protein in experimental group.- Also the difference between two groups in relation with B Apo Protein was not significant.