ARAK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL (AMUJ)
Year:2019 | Volume:22 | Issue:3 (139) |Papers Count:16

Background and Aim: Reducing the fertility rates in Iran and use of multiple contraceptive methods in recent decades have been affected by many social, economic and demographic factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the fertility pattern and common preventive fertility methods at Arak city in 2017 year. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 married women referred to Arak remedial centers in 2017 year. The participants were randomly selected from Vali Asr, Taleghani and Amir Kabir hospitals. The participants information was collected using questionnaire and subsequently analyzed using Stata software version 12. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. ARAKMU. REC. 1396. 4 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences. Findings: Our results showed that the mean age and average duration of marriage of women were 40. 03 ± 11. 19 and 21. 08 ± 12. 73 respectively, as well, 281 (73. 2%) of women used the natural fertility prevention methods. Most of the participated women were post-graduate diploma with lacked income and housekeeping. Other contraceptive methods such as pills, condoms, IUDs, one-month menses and three-month injections were 8. 9, 3. 28, 6. 38, 1. 7 and 2. 6, respectively. Conclusion: The most common method for preventing fertility is natural method. Condoms and pills are used more than the other contraceptive methods. There is a lack of awareness of modern contraceptive methods. Therefore, it is recommended that married women be educated about educational materials and counseling for familiarizing them with contraceptives.

Background and Aim: Cancer is the second cause of death in children under fourteen years old. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and predisposing factors of childhood cancers. Materials and Methods: This observational-descriptive study was performed on 82 children in the oncology department of Amir-kabir Hospital in Arak who were referred between 2011 and 2016. Data on age, sex, type of malignancy and predisposing factors were carried out by person interviews or patient records and were registered in checklist and analyzed. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. ARAKMU. REC. 2. 46. 87 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The results showed that 56. 1 percentage of patients were aged 0-5 years, 74. 1 percentage were urban, 90. 2 percentage were alive, 99 percentage were singleton, 92. 7 percentage full term, 46. 3 percentage of them were the first children and 87. 9% of them had birth weight over 2500 g. There was no significant relationship between the delivery method and delivery problems, the sex of the patients, the environmental factors (such as consuming canned food, sausages, insecticide use, drug use during pregnancy and the rate of infectious diseases), However, there was a direct relationship between the increased age of parents and the high socioeconomic level with the risk of cancer. Conclusion: The risk of childhood cancers in Markazi province is more related to genetic factors and the environmental factors causing cancers in children are less involved in this study.

Background and Aim: Venipuncture is a common iatrogenic procedure and a great source of pain in children who attend to hospital. The aim of the present study was comparing the effect of playing a riddle and music on the severity of pain perception during venipuncture. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, a total of 243 children aged 7 to 9 years were allocated to the trial and control groups by a blocked randomization method in Amir Kabir hospital of Arak. A visual riddle was played before and during venipuncture for one trial group and a visual music was played for another trial group via a same tablet. In all groups, venipuncture was performed with a 22-gauge cannula by a nurse in a similar place. Severity of pain was measured using the Wong-Baker scale and the mean differences was compared through Kruskal-Wallis test. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. ARAKMU. REC. 1397. 061 has been approved by research ethics committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences and also has been registered with code IRCT20150818023670N3 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT). Findings: The differences of the pain mean scores between the riddle group (1. 14± 0. 92), the music group (2. 37± 0. 98) and the control group (3. 44 ± 0. 76) were significant (p<0. 05). The Bonferoni test revealed that the pain mean scores in the riddle and the music groups were significantly different (p<0. 001). The mean score was lower in the riddle group. Conclusion: Using the riddle and the music methods decreased the pain of venipuncture procedure. The severity of pain in the riddle group was lower than the music group.

Background and Aim: Background and Aim: Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive approach to cancer, which is used to combine non-toxic photosensitizer and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and destroy tumors. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of Graphene Oxide (GO)as an organic matter with many oxygen groups on photodynamic on destroying cancer cells. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro. The study groups included the first group of drug with different concentrations of graphene oxide (333. 3, 285. 7, 230. 7, 166. 6, 90. 9, 47. 6 μ g/ml), the second group co-drug and laser light irradiation and the control group consisted of cells treated only with laser irradiation and the control group was treated with no treatment. Cells were exposed to visible laser irradiation (405 nm) at 0. 1 W / cm2. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code SBU/S. 1397. 46A has been approved by research ethics committee at Shahid Behesht University of Tehran, Iran. Findings: The results of in vitro experiments showed that the dark toxicity of graphene oxide at concentrations of less than the 90. 9 μ g / ml concentration had no significant effect on cancer cells. Also, laser light alone don’ t has toxic effect on cells. But graphene oxide-mediated dynamic light therapy has reduced the bioavailability of cancer cells on average by 21% over dark toxicity. Results are presented as mean of three independent replications, standard error, and p< 0. 05 was considered significant. Conclusion: In this study, graphene oxide is fully biodegradable at concentrations below a certain value, but with increasing concentration, the toxicity effect increases. With exposure to light and graphene oxide, viability decreses that it is more effective for in vivio studies.

Background and Aim: There is increasing evidence that cancer cells in addition to multiple genetic mutations, also acquire epigenetic abnormalities during development, maintenance, and progression. By utilizing the reprogramming technology as a tool to introduce the ‘ pressure’ to alter epigenetic regulations, we might be able to clarify the epigenetic behavior that is unique to cancer cells. So far, iPSCs have been generated from normal primary cells, but it is unclear whether human primary cancer cell can be reprogrammed. We investigated the production of the iPS cells from the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells using defined transcription factors. Materials and Methods: We sought to reprogram patient derived xenograft from human PDAC, by introducing lentiviral mediated induction of Yamanaka Factors (OSKM) and characterized of induced cells by Alkaline Phosphatase staining, Real-Time PCR and immunostaining. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code EC/93/1025 has been approved by research ethics committee at Royan Institute. Findings: Alkaline Phosphatase staining, Real-Time PCR and immunostaining showed that induction with the OSKM results in generating iPS cell line from fibroblast cells but not from PDAC PDX cells. We showed that, PDAC cells could not fully reprogrammed by the expression of 4 transcription factors. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the PDAC-PDX cancer cells were distinct from PDAC induced cells with regard to their epigenetic modifier genes expression pattern, although the expression of pluripotency genes did not increased significantly in the induced PDAC cells.

Background and Aim: Endurance training causes cardiac remodeling, one of the factors that adjusting expression of more genes of heart is miR-133. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endurance training on miR-133 expression in wistar rats’ heart. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 14 rats were housed under controlled conditions for 4 weeks, after familiarization they were randomly assigned to control (7 rats) and experimental (7 rats) groups. The experimental group performed 14 weeks, 6 session per week an endurance training program (that gradually reached to 60 min and 30 m/min) on treadmill. 48 hours after the end of the last session, all animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. Then, the their heart were removed and after tissue homogenization of left ventricle, and RNA extraction, and cDNA synthesis, the expression level of left ventricle miR-133 were measured by using Real-Time PCR. The rate of miR-133 expression was evaluated by using t-test at p≤ 0. 05 level. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Lorestan University with the code 1396345. 52 Findings: After 14 weeks endurance training, the expression of heart miR-133 in experimental group was significantly increased (p=0. 007) than control group which coincided with increase of the rate of left ventricular mass to weight body (p=0. 012). Conclusion: Regarded to structural changes of heart, it seems the part of heart adaptation to endurance exercise caused by increase in miR-133 expression.

Background and Aim: Promoting spiritual intelligence and adherence to ethics leads to higher quality service, efficiency and effectiveness. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the spiritual intelligence of librarians and the quality of services in the libraries of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with a professional ethics approach. Materials and Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and with an objective purpose. The statistical population included 180 librarians working in the library of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was done by two questionnaires of King and Radad. Data analysis was done by inferential methods and Kolmogrov-Smirnov test. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 software. Ethical Considerations: In this study, all principles of research ethics were considered. Findings: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of spiritual intelligence(critical existential thinking, production of personal meaning, transcendental consciousness, and extension of consciousness) and the quality of services in the libraries. Conclusion: The result of the research showed that there is a relationship between the spiritual intelligence of librarians and the provision of quality services in the libraries of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with the professional ethics approach. Therefore, using the spiritual intelligence, service quality in the studied libraries could be increased.

Background and Aim: Nilutamide is a pure non-steroidal antiandrogen that is used in the treatment of advanced-stage (metastatic) prostate cancer and acts as a potent and selective antagonist of the androgen receptors. Previous studies showed that there must be relationship between androgen receptors and cognitive aspects of the brain. Therefore, it seems that nilutamide affects spatial learning and memory through effect on androgen receptors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nilutamide on spatial localization in the Morris Water Maze and synaptic plasticity at the hippocampus CA1 area of male adolescent rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=9). Experimantal groups received vehicle (DMSO 10%) as control groups and different doses of Nilutamide (5, 10 and 15μ g/2. 5μ l). Drug and vehicle were injected for 4 days before training. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code EE/ 97, 24, 3061300/ scu. ac. ir has been approved by research ethics committee at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Findings: Analysis showed that escape latency and traveled distance for finding hidden platform in the group which received nilutamide (15μ g) were significantly lower than of control group at first (p < 0. 05) and second (p < 0. 01) training days. The results of field potential recording showed that nilutamide had not any significant effect on fEPSP and PS. Conclusion: The results of peresent study releaved that i. c. v microinjection of nilutamide improved spatial learninig in first and second days, wherease increase of treatment (4 days) not affected spatial learning.

Background and Aim: Regarding the importance of new treatments to control and treat multiple sclerosis (MS), in this study we investigated the role of Benzoaric acid (BA) on the neuro-inflammation and apoptosis processes in the cuprizone (cup)-induced animal model of MS. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 males C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups. The study groups were included, control: received six weeks of normal powdered food beside intraperitoneal (i. p. ) injection of BA solvent (100 μ L per day PBS) for the last two weeks, cup: received six weeks of powdered food contains 0. 2% cup beside i. p. injection of BA solvent for the last two weeks and cup-treatment: received six weeks of powdered food contains 0. 2% cup beside i. p. injection of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg BA for the last two weeks. Eventually, the medial corpus callosum area of the animal’ s brain was evaluated via western blot and Real-Time PCR methods. Ethical Considerations: Ethical points were observed according to the declaration of Helsinki and relevant code of ethics, regarding minimizing harms during animal experimentation (UOZ-GR-9517-13). Findings: Molecular studies have shown that BA-80 decreased mRNA (p <0. 01) and protein expression of NF-KB and consequently increased I-KB/NF-KB ratio (p <0. 05) and decreased inflammation in compare to cup group. Moreover, BA-80 decreased caspase-9 mRNA (p<0. 01) and caspase-8 mRNA (p <0. 05) and subsequently increased caspase-8/caspase-9 ratio (p<0. 01) and decreased apoptosis in compare to cup group. Conclusion: The dose of 80 mg/ml BA via decreasing cup-induced neuro-inflammation and neuro-apoptosis has protective effects in this model.

Background and Aim: Food restriction (FR) affects on depression and anxiety behavior. Previous studies have pointed to the role of sulpiride in the treatment of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of dopaminergic system and food restriction on depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods: Forty two adult male Wistar rats (180-220g) were divided into 7 groups including: control, sham, 25%, 50%, 75% FR, 75% FR with sulpiride and sulpiride(50μ g/rat). The treatment period was 21 days. Day 19 surgery and cannulation was performed and Sulpiride was injected intracrebroventricularly (icv) on the 21st day. Depression and anxiety tests (Tail suspension test and Elevated Plus Maze), was taken from the rats on the 21st day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Ethical Considerations: Ethical points were observed according to the declaration of Helsinki and acts of Bioethics Committee at Urmia University (Ref No: AECVU-180-2018). Findings: Mobility time in FR groups and sulpiride compared to control and in 75% with sulpiride compared to 75% had significant increase. immobility time in FR and sulpiride had significant decrease compared to control. Open arm entry in 75% FR had significantly decreased compared to control and in 75% FR with sulpiride had significantly increased compared to 75%. Open arm spend time in 75% FR with sulpiride had significant increase compared to 75%. Motor activity was reduced in FR groups and injection sulpiride. Conclusion: It seems that sulpride and FR play a role in improving semi-depression circumstances. Sulpiride also play a role in controlling the anxiety behavior induced by FR.

Background and Aim: Extensive prevalence of myocardial infraction, and an increase of 36% in total deaths due to it by 2020, and attention to the causes and methods of alternative therapy is very important. There are different ways in treating these patients that endurance training is one of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of incremental endurance training on serum levels of TSP-1 and MMP-1 in male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: In this controled experimental study with control group, 20 rats weighing 230 ± 30 g (8-week-old) were randomly divided into incremental endurance training and control, after induction of infarction with Isoproteronol (150 mg/kg). The training group performed an 8-week training session (3 sessions a week, for 20 to 50 minutes at 12 to 18 meters per minute). Then, 24 hours later, the venous blood sample was collected to evaluate serum concentrations of TSP-1 and MMP-1 and transferred to the laboratory. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data at a significant level of p <0. 05 to Graphed Pad software. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. IAU. ARAK. REC. 1397. 007 was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Iran. Findings: The results showed that endurance training significantly increased serum MMP1 levels (p = 0. 048) in rats with myocardial infraction, while there was no significant effect (p = 0. 092) on the exercise program in serum TSP-1 levels. Conclusion: the result of this study suggests that increasing endurance training may increase MMP-1 in rats with myocardial infraction, which can play an important role in angiogenesis and replacement of capillaries.

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to present a conceptual model of spiritual well-being in prevention of substance abuse in adolescent. Materials and Methods: The present study was done with a qualitative meta-synthesis with systematic review of the studies present in the foreign and Iranian journals about spiritual well-being and the role of them in prevention of substance abuse in adolescents. The population of this study consisted of non-interventional archive studies that were done during 1986-2016 in Oxford Journal, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Taylor&Francis, ProQuest, Springer, Iranmedex, Irandoc, SID and Magiran. Keywords were including of spiritual well-being, spirituality, prevention of substance abuse and adolescents. Ethical Considerations: This study with ethics code 8797/1129 has been approved by Farabi Campus of University of Tehran. Findings: After reviewing and evaluating the quality of the research, eventually 73 papers and theses included 8 Persian articles, 65 English papers including 11 theses and 54 articles were found and dissertations and finally conceptual model based on fisher (1998) theory's, wree presented. On this ground, subcategory of spiritual well-being was consisted of three theme of relationship with others, relationship with self and relationship with God. Each of them consisted of two subtheme of psychological health (interpersonal and intimate) and psychological well-being(interpersonal and intimate). Conclusion: The results showed that spiritual well-being influenced on multiple dimensions of adolescent psychological health and well-being and prevention of adolescent substance abuse from this way.