COUNSELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2005 | Volume:4 | Issue:14|Papers Count:6

This article compares the difference between systemic approaches to family and individualistic approach from the assessment point of view. Fundamentals and structure of individual assessment methods are not adequate for couples and family research and therapy. In order to remain scientific and accountable for the health system and the clients, marriage and family field needs serious attention to assessment. Efforts to capture complicity and subtlety of family relationships and developing various assessment strategies are discussed. Priority of assessing the whole family or family dyads and triads for research and therapy goals are reviewed. At the end, family assessment method each of which with its own place and usage are discusses; methods which are either based on "self-report" data or "direct observation" of the interaction of family members and their efforts for coping with problems and other family phenomena.      

This study seeks to investigate the impact of cognitive-Behavioral Training. on marital satisfaction of couples who live in the dormitory of Tehran university. In order to achieve this objective, 50 couples (100 men and women) were chosen among all those who were qualified at random. Then they were substituted in "experimental" and "control" groups through the simple randomization. The hypotheses of this investigation are: 1. The Cognitive-Behavioral Training increase the couple marital satisfaction. 2. The impact of Cognitive-Behavioral Training on male and female marital satisfaction is differs. To approach the purpose, two instruments have been used: One is the questionnaire regarding marital satisfaction (ENRICH), used as pre-test and post-test. The other is Cognitive-Behavioral Training extracted from the content of the above questionnaire (ENRICH). The Cognitive-Behavioral Training was applied to the "experimental" group, while the" control" group was involved with the unrelated trainings. By using "t" test and the two-way variance analysis "MANOV A", the obtained data were analyzed and the results are: 1. The Cognitive-Behavioral Training increases the couples marital satisfaction. 2. the sex (male or female) has no impact on the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Training on couple marital satisfaction.      

The family appropriate conditions could be effective in academic achievement of students. There are students who are successful in spite of their family acute problems; the aim of this research was determine effective factors in their achievement. The sample was included 194 guidance students who were possessors of family acute problems that were chose randomly. The predictor variables were included: academic motivation, self-esteem self concept, school atmosphere, peers effect psychological/ hard fullness, parents educational level, type of  problems the numbers of family member The result wore showed that psychological hard fullness, educational motivation self-esteem, peers effect, the numbers of family members in these students have a significant correlation with their educational achievement. And in order hard fullness, kind of family problems, school atmosphere, parents educational level were predictive factors of their education achievement and they predict 60% of the effective factors on educational achievement.    

In this research, the relation between irrational believes and job satisfaction of Tehran's high schools consultants was studied. Research hypotheses include: 1) Between irrational believes and job satisfaction of Tehran's high schools consultants, there is an inverse relation. 2) There are differences between measure and kind of irrational believes of female and male consultants. 3) There are differences between job satisfaction level of male and female consultants. Statistical society of this research involves all of the Tehran's high schools consultants that are approximately 2000 persons. The typical group of this research was approximately 200 persons that covers 10% of the total society. The sampling was carried out cluster randomly and among 19 districts of the Education Department, 5 districts was selected randomly and among the schools of these districts, some of them were tested randomly and date Collection was Carried out from the consultants. Research tools involved two questionnaires of Jones irrational believes (IBT) and one questionnaire of job satisfaction assay (JDI) that were prepared based on measure.  The findings were analyzed by descriptive and deductive approach that in deductive level, t-test for independent groups and piersone correlation method were used. The result of the three hypotheses after analyzing is as follows: 1. low level of job satisfaction in submeasures of salary, promotion and progress and work identity has meaningful relation with increasing of irrational believes in submeasures of demand for approval (DA), blaming  proneness (BP) and perfectionism (P) and indicates that there is an inverse relation between irrational believes and job satisfaction. 2. It was found differences between level and kind of irrational believes of male and female consultants. In female consultants in sub measures of high self expectations (HSE), frustration reactive (FR) and helplessness for change (HC) with total grade JD I, there is a relation, while in male consultants in submeasures of dependency and high self expectations with total grade IDI, it was observed a meaningful relation. 3. In JDI submeasures; job satisfaction average of female consultants was higher than male consultants that its highest measure was observed in relation of salary and management in JDI with blaming proneness in IBT. In this research, other variables including age, service history, marriage state, license and educational courses were studied that give byproduct findings.      

The goal of present research is to investigate relation of attachment styles of married women with happiness level and their agreement in marital issues. Therefore by use of available sampling method, 150 married women of Bachelor degree & master degree students of the university were selected. The subjects after filling the questionnaires dealing with adults attachments styles of Hazan &Shaver and marital agreement scale of Locke &Wallace, based on scores and secure, avoidant and ambivalent patterns of attachment, divided into three categories. After collecting and analysis of data with one way ANOV, Tukey test (HSD) and X2, at 95% and 99% level of confidence, we concluded that there is a significant deference between attachment style of secure women and their happiness level, in comparison of happiness level of women with avoidant and ambivalent attachment style, (F=71.91). Also difference was significant between attachment styles of secure women relative to avoidant and ambivalent of them from viewpoint of trust to husband, to continue life with him, wish of not marring with current husband, to spend rest times, having common interest, and mutual agreement with him. The results Obtained by this research indicating the importance of attachment style of women as outstanding component in marital life, can be used in pre and post marriage consultation.