COUNSELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2007 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:10

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a group assertiveness training on enhancing assertiveness and self-esteem in a group of submissive students. First, all male students of the first grade of high schools in "Ijrood" District of Zanjan Province were assessed based on Gambrill and Richy Assertion Inventory (1975). Consequently, thirty subjects with the lowest level of assertiveness were selected as submissive students. They were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The Coppersmith Self-esteem Inventory (1967) was also administered to assess these students' self-esteem. The research design was based on pretest and posttest method along with experimental and control groups by random assignment. Participants in the experimental group attended eight sessions of group assertiveness training program. Each intervention sessions lasted nearly ninety minutes. Data were collected before and after implementing the assertiveness training program and were analysed by using "t" test and covariance methods. The findings indicated positive significant improvement of assertiveness and self-esteem in submissive students in the experimental group. The possible explanation for the increase in assertive behavior of the submissive students and enhancing their self-esteem might be due to participation in the assertiveness training program which was helpful for such students.

The purpose of this study is investigation in the role of organizational climate of school on professional stress of counselors. The studied community is including all counselors in secondary curriculum of Tehran in the year 2007.The volume of sample according to the scientific principles and the relevant formula is 220 persons for using the Multiple Randomized Sampling Method. For measurement of the variables in this study, two instruments were used: a) The questionnaire related to the organizational climate of school containing 27 questions in 4 areas: (1) open climate, (2) committed climate, (3) foreign climate, and (4) closed climate. b) Vanderdourf's questionnaire related to the professional climate containing 53 questions in 11 areas.The descriptive and inferential statistics (Multi Variable Regression Test using Step by Step Method) were used for statistical data analysis. The results of study show that:1- 50.1 % of the counselors in secondary curriculum of Tehran with the purpose of professional stress are in secondary and higher curriculums.2- It is possible to foresee the rate of professional stress of the counselors by the scores of organizational climate of school.Ability to foresee the open organizational climate is more than committed climate and committed climate is more than foreign and closed climate.3- The rate of professional stress of the counselors which are working in foreign and closed climate is significantly higher than the rate of professional stress of the counselors, which are working are working in open climate.

Since the youth employment has special importance in Iran and helps to economic development of country and unemployment of the youth is discussed as a main problem that contributes to increase poverty, this research aiming at "The effects of job preparation and entrepreneurship trainings on the entrepreneurial trends of the Young Val enters aging 20-29 year old for employment generation facilities in Tehran" was carried out. Systematic multi stage sampling method was employed in which 300 people enlisted for employment generation facilities in FEOS (Fund Employment Opportunities Support) were selected randomly. After pre-test, 150 people who had low job preparation and entrepreneurial trends were selected. Then among 150 people, 80 people (40 boys and 40 girls) were selected randomly as research sample group and trained job preparation and entrepreneurship for 40 hours.The research tools were two questionnaires. In the first questionnaire they were asked about their individual and occupational qualifications which were researcher-made questionnaire and the second one was entrepreneurship questionnaire having three sub scales as progress motivation evaluation of job Counseling Research & Developments. Habits and entrepreneurship The findings indicate that job preparation and entrepreneurship trainings have significant effects on the trends of the Young Val enters for the employment generation facilities in Tehran. At the same time, significant difference is found between boy and girl subjects regarding entrepreneurial trends. On the other way, the boy’s entrepreneurial trend is more than entrepreneurial trends of the girls. Moreover, the education is effective factor on job creation and increase youth entrepreneurial trends.This means that most of the entrepreneurial trends have seen primarily among those who have B. A. (Bachelor of Arts) then those who have passed A.D and at the end high school diploma. Therefore, entreneurship trainings are advised for the educated youth. Moreover, promotion of entrepreneurship trainings and access to ICT aiming the increase of skills and employment which are proposed for all youth especially for the young girls who are resident in deprived and less developed areas of the country.

The purpose of this research was studying approaches to coping with stress and its relations with mental health. Hence 311 Guilan University students were examined with Students Life Events Questionnaire approaches to coping and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data of this research were analysed by chi-square (x2): Results indicated that students suffering from family economic and social stress had low mental health. Addition students who used problem-focused coping were healtheer than students whon used emotion-focused coping. The hypothesis about relations with explanatory strategies and mental health was not approved for internal-External and global-specific explanation.

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of couple sexual Cognitive-Behavioral therapy on improvement of sexual self-confidence, sexual knowledge and sexual self-disclosure in frigid women. This research was quasi-experimental with pre-post test and control group.Therefore, 18 couples referred to counseling center were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire was consisted of Sexual Self-Confidence (Ann Hooper, 1992), Sexual Knowledge (Ann Hooper, 1992), and Spouse Sexual Self-Disclosure Scale (SSDS) (William & Snell, 1997). The experimental group received sexual couple Cognitive-Behavioral therapy while control group was in waiting list. The results of covariance analysis showed that interventions were effective in the women sexual self-confidence (P=0.00), sexual self-disclosure (P=0.00) and Sexual Knowledge (P=0.00). The results of the present study showed that sexual couple Cognitive-Behavioral therapy could improve female sexual knowledge, sexual self-disclosure and sexual self-confidence.

The aim of this study was to Investigation of Relationship between Parent-Child Relationship (PCR), Assertiveness and Academic Performance of Grade Boy Students at Tabriz High Schools. The subjects were 292 Grade Boy Students at Tabriz High Schools that selected multi-stage method randomly. For data addition, it used from Parent-Child Relationship Inventory(PCRI) and Assertiveness Self-Report Inventory (ASRI), and the Mean's of last school years of students as Assertiveness Self-Report Inventory (ASRI), and the Mean's of last school years of students as Academic Performance. The data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regressions. The results showed that there is significant positive relationship between Parent-Child Relationship and Assertiveness (p< 0/0001, r= 0/612), and (PCR), it has significant relationship positively with Academic Performance (AP) at (p< 0/0001, r= 0/774). Also, There is significant relationship between Assertiveness and students academic performance (p< 0/0001, r= 0/587). The predictor variables in this study (Parent-Child Relationship and Assertiveness) and each of them have a role in order to Counseling Research & Developments. predict of students academic performance. Finally, multiple regression coefficients with aphasic method showed that the collection of predict variables have relationship with students academic performance (AP) and predict it, but Parent-Child Relationship (PCR) has most role at variance explanation of academic performance ratio to Assertiveness variable.

The main objective of the present study is to study the relationship between the managers' entrepreneurship and the productivity of their services in Islamic Azad University and determining math pattern for the productivity of the managers' entrepreneurship. The research population of the study includes all managers of Islamic Azad University who are employed in different Branches of the university. Using the stratified and cluster random sampling, 474 mangers, along with three employees under the supervision of each manager, that is, 1422 staffs were chosen from different branches of Islamic Azad University. Out of this sample, 456 managers 1386 staffs under the managers' supervision completed the managers' and staffs questionnaires respectively. The questionnaires were then analyzed by the researcher. The assessment tools were the researcher-made questionnaires of entrepreneurship and the managers' services. The questionnaire of entrepreneurship was administered to the managers, and the questionnaire of the staffs productivity was administered to three staffs under the supervision of each manager. The result of the analysis of the multi-variation regression shows that there is relationship between the managers' entrepreneurship and the productivity of their services (p £0.05 & b= 0.11), and math pattern for the productivity of Counseling Research & Developments the managers' services based on the entrepreneurship in the branches of Islamic Azad University is as follows: Productivity = 0.11 x the managers' entrepreneurship + 137.803.