JOURNAL OF RAFSANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES
Year:2008 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (27)|Papers Count:10

Background and Objectives: Rotaviruses are the most important cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries. Rotaviruses are members of the reoviridae family and contain 11 double- stranded RNA segments. Segment 10 encodes nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4, that can induce diarrhea in newborn mice. It has been suggested that NSP4 may be a key determinant for rotavirus pathogenesis and a target for vaccine development. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the entire expression of mammalian rotavirus (sa11) NSP4 gene in E.coli and also its biological and immunogenesity properties in animal models. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, expression of NSP4 was demonstrated by Western blotting. The recombinant Protein from pYS50 was purified by Preparative SDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis. Antibody against recombinant NSP4 was raised in rabbit. Intraperitoneal administration of full- length recombinant NSP4 caused diarrhea in 100% of the 4 to 5 days BALB/C neonatal mice. Results: Intraperitoneal and oral inoculation of NSP4 antiserum significantly decreased diarrhea. Interaperitoneal administration of the full-length NSP4 induced diarrhea in 100% (5/5) of 4 to 5 days old BALB/C mice. Diarrhea in mice that received antibody against recombinant NSP4 was significantly decreased (p<0.000). Conclusion: These results indicated successful expression of the biologically active full- length NSP4 in E.coli and confirmed that recombinant NSP4 was able to induced diarrhea in neonatal mice and also had enterotoxigenic activity. The recombinant NSP4 which produced in this study can be applied as antigen for detection of specific antibodies against NSP4 in human sera. 

Background and Objectives: The Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of distress, physical, psychological and behavioral changes that occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Although, the etiology of the PMS is not clear, to relief from the symptoms of this syndrome different methods including, safe exercise are recommended. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of a three-month regular aerobic exercise on the PMS symptoms. Material and Methods: Ninety one women aged 16-48 years (31.6±8) with regular menstrual cycle accepted to participate in this quasi-experimental study. A Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MMDQ) was used. Participants were divided into two groups: 1- Fourty eight women who did not have any past experience of regular experience and also did not have any form of aerobic exercise in the duration of this study, 2- Fourty three women who accepted to have regular aerobic exercise for a duration of three months. Twenty two women in the second group had a history of regular exercise and aerobic exercise program was only prescribed for this group. The exercise program consisted of a five-minute warming up, 45 minutes limbs and trunk fast exercise and a ten-minute stage for cooling down. Each exercise session time was an hour and was carried out three times per week during three months. Data were analyzed using SPSS and parametric tests (ANOVA, paired t-test and Pearson correlation) were used where appropriate. Results: Among women with aerobic exercise the severity of electrolytic, neurovegititive and cognitive symptoms was significantly decreased after the 3 months. Furthermore, the skin and neurovegatitive symptoms were also changed in experimental group who had a history of regular exercise. There were no correlation between age, education, marital status and severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that a three-month regular aerobic exercise could reduce the severity of physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Background and Objectives: Succinyl colin is a frequently used muscle relaxant in short duration and outpatient anesthesia. Muscular fasciculation and muscle pain (myalgia) are the two mild but frequent side effects of this medication. Respecting great discomfort of myalgia for the patients, the aim of this study was to measure the effect of intravenous lidocain injection on the myalgia and muscle fasciculation generated by succinyl coline. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial study which is performed on 100 patients who were candidates for elective short duration anesthesia requiring tracheal intubation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients. The treatment group received 1.5mg/kg intravenous lidocain and the control group received an equinoxes of distilled water intravenously before succinyl cholin injection. The frequency of myalgia and muscle fasciculation due to succinyl colin injection was compared between the two groups. Results: Results of this study showed that, in the treatment group 24 patients (48%) and in the control group 35 patients (70%) complained from myalgia. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Incidence of fasciculation in lidocain group and control group was 34 (68%) and 50 (100%), respectively. The difference between these proportions was also statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous lidocain injection before succinyl colin reduced both fasciculation and muscle pain due to succinyl colin. Therefore, application of lidocain in short term and outpatient anesthesia could be recommended.

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial agents isolated from clinical samples in different parts of the country provides essential information regarding the selection of antibiotics for all patients living in different areas. Unfortunately data about the frequency and also antimicrobial resistance pattern of phathogen agents in clinical samples is rare in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of isolated bacteria collected from urine, stool and peripheral blood and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in Rafsanjan city during year 2003. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, a total of 8247 clinical samples were analysed. Specimens were cultured and disk diffusion susceptibility testing were performed according to National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS) guideline. Results: The most common bacteria isolated from stool, urine and blood specimens were shigella, E.coli, and coagulase negative staphylococcus, respectively. The urine bacteria were mostly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. Cefotaxime was also the first choice for E.coli. The stool infections were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and nalidixic acid. These antibiotics and cephalotin were effective agianst shigella. Blood bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, novobiocin, chloramphenicol, and amikacin. Novobiocin was the only antibiotic effective againts coagulase negative staphylococcus. Conclusion: The rate of antibiotic resistance is increasing in pathogenic bacteria. Based on findings of this study, ciprofloxacin is probably the most effective antibiotic against both Urinnary Truct Infection (UTI) and infectious diarrhea.

Background and Objectives: Quality evaluation of the food proteins is important due to their biological and economical aspects. Among existing methods, True Protein Digestibility (TPD), Apparent Digestibility (AD), Net Protein Ratio (NPR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Food Efficiency Ratio (FER) are suggested for evaluation of proteins quality. The present study was conducted to biologically evaluate protein quality of a sample of home made food (combination of rice and vetch) and to compare with both a sample of commercial baby food (cerelac - based on wheat) and casein standard in Rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 64 male Wistar rats, aged 21days under 8 diets in 8 groups including: 2 case diets (home made food and cerelac), 1 diet standard (casein + Methionine) and 1 diet basal (protein free) in order to determine TPD, AD and 2 case diets, 1 diet standard and 1 diet basal in order to determine NPR, PER and FER. Values for TPD, AD, NPR, PER and FER were compared between the groups using ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: TPD values for standard, cerelac and home made food were 92.8±4, 87±8 and 81.1±6.1, respectively. For standard cerelac and home made food, AD values were 89.8±4.3, 82.2±8.9 and 76.4±5.8, NPR values were 4.3±0.4, 4.3±0.9 and 4.2±0.4. PER values were 3±0.2, 2.5±0.4 and 2.7±0.6 and FER values were 4.1±0.3, 4.9±0.9 and 4.6±1.2, respectively. There was significant difference between the values of TPD and AD. Values of but NPR, PER and FER were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: The findings showed that protein quality of home made food is nearly same as cerelac and casein.

Background and Objectives: Previous studies indicated that Medial Septal Area (MSA) plays an important role in spatial memory and glucocorticoid receptors have probably effects on emotional learning and memory storage in this area. The aim of this study was determination of the role of glucocorticoid receptors in MSA on spatial memory in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 50 albino rats (250-300 g) were used. Animals that carrying cannula aimed at theire MSA were trained in a water maze task in a session consisting of 8 trials per day. Immediately after last training session different doses of corticosterone (10, 50, 100 or 200 ng in 0.5µl) or vehicle were injected into MSA. Performance of each rat was tested 24 hours after the final training day in a 60 second probe trial. The parameters measured in probe test were percent time spent and swim distance in the target and opposite quadrants. Results: Statistical analysis of data indicated that injection of different doses of corticosterone immediately after training into MSA did not cause significant differences between control and treated animals on probe test performance and consolidation process (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that activation of glucocorticoid receptors in MSA did not play a role in spatial memory consolidation in rats.

Background and Objectives: Some nursing and medicine activities may increase the production of free radicals in patients. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effect of suction with a tube located inside of the trachea on the amount of oxidative stress indexes in CABG patients. Matrial and Methods: This clinical study was performed on 35 patients which were under coroner vascular graft surgery. Blood samples were collected 3 times (before, immediatery and 15 minutes after suction) and then, the amounts of glutathione and the activity of glutathione peroxidase were measured. Results: Results of this study showed that both glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity are significantly decreased both in immediately and 15 minutes after suction comparing to before suction (p<0.001). Conclusions: Suction is a free radical producing process which causes some changes in activities of anti-oxidants. The defect of anti- oxidants related defense of body causes oxidative stress. Therefore, further studies are needed to find out a way to overcom this problem.

Background and Objectives: Motor development is considered as a part of the process of growth and development in which the child, firstly gains control over his own body function, and then utilizes it for interaction and manipulation with the environment. The aim of this study was to standardize of Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS) in normal children aged 72 to 83 months living in Tehran. Materials and Methods: This cross–sectional study was performed on 180 normal students (90 male, 90 female) and data was collected by PDMS. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that the mean of Developmental Motor Queition Gross (DMQG) for male was 120.5 and for female was 120.40 and the Developmental Motor Queition Fine (DMQF) for male was 125.69 and for females was 126.66, respectively. There was not significant difference between male and female in DMQ and Mean Motor Age Equivalent (MMAE) (p<0.05). There was significant difference between DMQF and AEFM (p<0.05) and also between mean Age Equivalent Fine Motor (AEFM) and MMAE (p<0.05) of children living in different parts of Tehran. There was also significant association between MMAE and DMQ (p<0.01). Conclusion: PDMS can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing any intervention and treatment of motor skills in children. Children with better motor skills have higher score of DMQ.