JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2006 | Volume:8 | Issue:5 (33)|Papers Count:14

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Normal tissue absorbed dose in external beam radiotherapy is a serious problem. Accurate treatment planning may reduce the normal tissue and organ doses to their tolerance limits. The objective of the present study was to obtain the ovarian absorbed doses in patients and also at different depths of a pelvis phantom through two parallel opposed radiation fields.METHODS: Thermoluminescent dosimeter chips (TLD-100) were used to measure ovarian depth dose in anthropomorphic phantom as well as in 60 patient cases.FINDINGS: Findings showed that the ovarian dose per fraction was 16.8±3.8 mSv for mediastinal fields and 30±7.6 mSv for abdominal fields (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Phantom dosimetry showed that the doses delivered to the ovary region in different depths were similar and approximately independent of depth. Ovarian dose from both mediastinal and abdominal fields are lesser than ovarian tolerance dose (TD5/5=2Gy) but still over than fetus dose limit (5 mSv). It is suggested that radiotherapy of fertile women needs special considerations.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoke is composed of several compounds and the major one is the alkaloid nicotine. Few studies have assessed the teratogenic effects of prenatal nicotine exposure in some sensitive organs such as kidneys. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy on neonatal rat kidney structure.METHODS: Twenty four virgin female rats of 200-250g were used in this investigation. Pregnant dams were randomly divided into control and 3 experimental groups. The experimental groups received nicotine subcutaneously at dosages of 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg/day respectively throughout gestation for 20 days. The control animals received saline. After birth the pups were weighed, length measured and then killed by ether and the kidneys were quickly removed, weighed and fixed in bowann solution. The microscopic slides were examined histologically. Also the number of glomeruli per optical field covering the entire thickness of the cortex, the proportional volume density of corpuscles to cortex and cortex to medulla were determined.FINDINGS: The results show that maternal nicotine exposure results in (a) a decreased (p<0.05) body weight in dosage of 6mglkg and decreased (p<0.05) crown-rump length in dosages of 3 and 6mglkg (b), a decreased (p<0.05) kidneys weight in dosage of6mg/kg (c), and a decreased (p<0.0001) corpuscle count in all experimental groups.CONCLUSION: These data indicate that neonatal nicotine exposure. during pregnancy has a detrimental effect on general growth and a relatively low toxic effect on kidneys development.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Delivery is believed to be physiologic process that the majority of pregnant women experience it successfully; however its probable complications may occur suddenly. Early admission in delivery unit is important especially in the cases with known fetal or maternal risk factors. The aim of this study was to compare oral and sublingual (50µg) misoprostol in induction of term delivery.METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on 150 pregnant women with gestational age ≥37 weeks that admitted for induction of labor. Having inclusion criteria, patients included in this study obtained NST (Non Stress Test) and received 50 microgram oral or sublingual randomly. Then two methods were compared with regard to maternal and fetal complication, induction to delivery interval, drug dose and the rate of cesarean delivery, Proportions were compared by t- test and fisher's exact tests. FINDINGS: From 150 cases, 75 patients were assigned to oral misoprostol and 75 patients were assigned to sublingual misoprostol group. Mean of time from induction to delivery in oral group was 8.53±3.55 hours and in sublingual group was 7.05±3.16 hours (p=0.008). Maternal and fetal outcome in each group showed significant difference but labor complication, drug dose, the rate of cesarean delivery and women who needed to oxytoxin did not show significant difference.CONCLUSION: The results showed that sublingual route of misoprostol administration has greater efficacy in labor induction and additionally was better tolerated by pregnant women.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Descurainia sophia is traditionally used for treatment of some diseases in the world. Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus are important pathogens that cause nosocomial infection. This study was done to evaluate the effect of the descurainia sophia extract and its boiled form on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus.METHODS: The extract of seeds of descurainia sophia was provided by ethanol 70˚ and after filtrating by vacuum distillation at 50˚C and lyophilization methods was concentrated. Then the different concentrations of extract in distilled water and Tween 80 were prepared and tested en the standard strain of E. coli (PTCC: 1222), and S, aureus (PTCC: 1113) by Nathan agar well diffusion.FINDINGS: The concentrations of extract of 5.8, 3.1 and 8.8 gr/100cc with vacuum distillation method and 3.5, 4.3 and 1.6 gr/10 cc with freeze dryer method had no bactericid and bacteriostatic effect on these bacteria.CONCLUSION: It seems that the extract of descurainia sophia could not effect on these bacteria. Different products in the extract, including antibactarial compounds and other materials and antagonistic effect are probably reasons for the ineffectiveness of this extract.  

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most considerable problems of public health. Pregnant women need more iron due to increasing the maternal blood volume, fetal and placental growth. On the other hand, iron overload has undesirable effects. on maternal and fetal health. This study was performed to compare the effect on different doses of iron supplement on healthy pregnant women.METHODS: This cross-sectional and analytical study was performed on 145 healthy pregnant women (20-40 years old) by simple sampling. Control group took daily dose of iron supplement and case group took intermittent doses of iron supplement (3 times per week) from the second trimester. Serum iron and ferritin measured in the first, second and third trimesters.FINDINGS: Concentration of serum iron increased insignificantly in control group at the third trimester compared to the first trimester. Concentration of ferritin decreased significantly in both group at the second and third trimesters compared to the first trimester (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: According to the results, there is no difference between daily and intermittent doses of iron supplement prescribed in pregnant women. So, for prevention of side effects of iron overload, it's recommended to use the intermittent dose of iron supplements in healthy women.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Early detection and prevention of chronic renal failure (CRF) is so important. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of CRF in children.METHODS: This descriptive and analytical study was performed on 85 children (under 18 years old) who referred to Amirkola children hospital from 1996 to 2005. Glomerular filtration rate was less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 according to Schwartz's formula. Cause of CRF was diagnosed by clinical, laboratory and radiological findings, and if needed kidney biopsy was done. Data was obtained and recorded.FINDINGS: Among 85 children, 55 (64.7%) were boys. Their mean age was 10.33±4.48 years. Urinary tract infection (UTL) was the most common causes of referring patients (30.6%) and UTI with neurogenic bladder were the most common causes of CRF (50%). Kidney transplantation was done in 28 patients and 15 children died.CONCLUSION: According to the results, UTI and its predisposing factors were the most common causes of CRF and referring patients especially in boys. It seems that more attention about prevention of CRF is necessary.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Urinary incontinence is one of the common complaints that severely reduce quality of life. Pregnancy and vaginal delivery are main risk factors in the development of this problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum.METHODS: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, the population under study was women visited at five Hamadan health care centers. Among them 245 samples selected by sample randomized method. Data gathering were on the base of questionnaire and interview and then analyzed.FINDINGS: The prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum was 29.4% and 15.9% respectively. Urinary incontinence during postpartum was 19.9% in women with episiotomy and 29.3% in women with ruptures at birth time. There was a significant relationship between episiotomy and ruptures with urinary incontinence (p=0.012). Urinary incontinence in 10% of cases was severe. In 5.2% of cases, the frequency of urinary incontinence was one to six times weekly. There was not any relation between age and parity with urinary incontinence but there was a significant relation between urinary incontinence with its onset (p=0.035).CONCLUSION: There is considerable prevalence for urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum and it costs a lot for health care system. This problem is not diagnosed and reported widely. So it seems that more concern about its prevention and treatment is necessary.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. Negative iron balance in primary school children can be caused by low iron intake and low bioavailability of iron in the diet. This study was done to determine the relationship between iron micronutrient rate with individual and familial characteristics of primary school children in Ramsar, north of Iran.METHODS: In this cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, 94 primary school children were selected by cluster sampling. Data was gathered by questionnaire, hygienic and curative form, scale, meter and blood sample.FINDINGS: The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency was 8.51% and 12.76%, respectively and also the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 4.25%. There was significant relationship between serum iron and following birth in family (p= 0.03) and weight (p=0.01). There was a significant relationship between serum ferritin and height (p=0.04), age (p=0.01), sex (p=0.02), and mother's literacy (p=0.003).CONCLUSION: According to the results, instruction of strategies for improvement of iron deficiency to children and their family is suggested.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Metallic phosphide pesticides are known pesticide in Iran. Aluminum phosphide in different regions of Iran especially is used as a "rice tablet" and is a cause of poisoning and mortality every year. They are highly toxic, low cost, and easily accessible fumigant and rodenticidal agent in Iran. Their toxicity results from the liberation of phosphine gas upon exposure to moisture, which leads to multi system involvement resulting in serious consequences. In acute oral intoxication, the clinical presentations of poisoning include gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal and neurological disorders. Treatment is symptomatically and has not a specific antidote. The aim of this article is a review on phosphide toxicology and poisoning control.  

BACKGROUND& OBJECTIVE: Kimura is a benign and inflammatory disease in head and neck area with triad of painless subcutaneous mass, eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and involved tissue and increased serum 19E level. Its important clinical difterential diagnosis is hodgkin and non hodgkin lymphoma and infectious process. The definite diagnosis is possible with biopsy and histopathological exam. The aim of this study was to report a case of kimura's disease.CASE: A 41 year old woman with a subcutaneous mass with 1 cm diameter in left subclavian area presented. She had no lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly. Serum 19E level was increased and she had eosinophilia (7%) in peripheral blood. The histopathology of involved tissue showed follicular hyperplasia with severe infiltration of eosinophils with fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Since kimura disease is considered in differential diagnosis of lymphoma's hodgkin and infectious process, early diagnosis of kimura can prevent unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.

BACKGROUND& OBJECTIVE: Papillion lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare recessive autosomal disorder. Prepubertal aggressive periodontitis and palm plantar hyperkeratosis are the main oral and skin manifestations. Mutation on cathepsin C gene located on chromosome 11 is mentioned as the cause of the disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment can decrease the severity of involvement of permanent teeth.CASE: A 13-year-old girl with a history of periodontal disease for several years referred to dental school. Swelling and bleeding of gingiva and mobility of some teeth along with keratosis of palms, soles, and knees and a history of repeated ear infections were of clinical findings. With the diagnosis of PLS, the patient went under regular supportive periodontal treatment and antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin+metronidazole and then tetracycline). During a 3 year follow-up the loss of only one tooth and a little bone loss indicate the inhibition of disease progress and relative success in treatment.CONCLUSION: Papillion lefevre syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis of all patients with rapidly progressing periodontitis.