JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2016 | Volume:18 | Issue:12|Papers Count:13

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is a standard method for treatment of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in adults. However, there is not enough information available regarding the advantages and disadvantages of its conventional techniques. This study aims to compare cruciate and circular techniques of Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. METHODS: In this clinical trial, 100 eyes of patients with posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Cruciate capsulotomy was performed for the first group and circular capsulotomy was performed for the second group. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, lens shifting, uveitis, macular hole and retinal detachment were examined. In addition, the energy used for rupturing the capsule was recorded. IRCT: 201207037466N4. FINDINGS: The energy used in circular capsulotomy (345±68.53) was significantly more than the energy used in cruciate capsulotomy (284.4±46.78) (p=0.001). Results showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of average visibility (p=0.859) and intraocular pressure (p=0.097). Nevertheless, these two variables increase significantly through time (p=0.001). Moreover, there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of percentage of halo. CONCLUSION: Since improvement in visual acuity and intraocular pressure was similar in the two groups but the energy used in circular capsulotomy was more than cruciate capsulotomy, cruciate technique is the preferred method.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low birthweight is one the common problems of infants and one of the main health indicators of a society. Weight is one the major determinants of physical and mental development in infants, particularly preterm infants. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of multisensory stimulation on weight gain of preterm infants.METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, 80 preterm infants born at 32-36 weeks gestational age, were randomly divided into two groups (control and multisensory stimulation). The intervention group received multisensory stimulation program consisting of 12-minute daily sessions, 5 times a week until the day of discharge and the control group received only the usual care. Infants were weighed every day until the day of discharge (IRCT registration code: 2016073114454N2).FINDINGS: No significant difference was observed between the two groups of preterm infants in terms of gestational age, birthweight and sex. The difference between mean weight gain on the first day and the day of discharge was 131.6±10.1 g in the intervention group and 58.9±10.2 g in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The Results of the study revealed that using multisensory stimulation for weight gain of preterm infants is a cost-effective and effective method.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Due to high cancer incidence rate and become resistant to chemical drugs and their side effects make it necessary to research on new natural compounds. Sea pen with special chemical compounds with anti-cancer effects have been considered in recent years. In this study, extraction of chemical compounds from marine sea pen Virgularia gustaviana and their effect on cancer cells were investigated.METHODS: In this study the ethyl acetate extract of Virgularia gustaviana was separated by silica gel column chromatography. The column was washed with N-hexane 100% and N-hexane-ethyl acetate solvent at ratio of 9:1 to 1:9. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for qualitative identification of seven fractions. Viability of HeLa cancer cells was investigated using MTT assay at the concentration of 25, 50 and a 100 µl/ml compounds.FINDINGS: MTT assay showed that G fraction, dose-dependently decreased cell viability of cells and the most effective concentration was 100 ml (with viability 6.33±2.02% of cancer cells) which was significantly less than control group (p<0.05). Retention time of G fraction in HPLC graph was similar to Cembrane Diterpene isolated from Sarcophyton. CONCLUSION: The results of the studyshowed that compounds extracted from Virgularia gustaviana inhibit the growth of cancer cells and further research will be required to examine the mechanism of effect

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the world. Various studies indicated that 18-15 percent aureus strains isolated from different sources are be able to produce enterotoxin which known as the main factor of poisoning. The aim of this study was to identify enterotoxin genes, such as: (femA, see, sed, sec, seg, seb, sea) in S. aureus confirmed using multiple PCR method.METHODS: In this study, 60 samples of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from purulent infections, skin and have symptoms of poisoning: vomiting and diarrhea in humans, production of enterotoxin was examined. After DNA extraction of isolates, multiple PCR using specific primers for enterotoxin genes was performed.FINDINGS: Overall, 50% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates contain one or more enterotoxin gene. The most abundant gene was sea (30%) and sed (10%), see (3.8%), sec (6.1%) were also identified.CONCLUSION: It was found that other genes such as TSST-1 are involved staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin production in the creation of visual acuity in addition to above genes. In general, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in human clinical specimens, especially enterotoxigenic strains, can be considered a potential risk for health

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many factors affect the speed and quality of wound healing. One of the purposes of medical sciences is wound healing in a short time with reduced side effects, since the effect and mechanism of action of Capers extract is not known on oral wound healing, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of the extract of this plant for the first time in oral wound healing in mice.METHODS: Thirty-six adult male wistar rats weighing approximately 150-200 g each were used in the present study. We have 2 main groups, first group sacrificed at 5 days and second group at 10 days. Each of the groups was randomly subdivided into three subgroups as following: 1.rats treated with 200 mg/kg dosage, 2.rats treated with 300 mg/kg dosage, 3. Control groups (treated with distilled water), and each group contains 6 rats. After anesthesia wound was placed on the right side of dorsal surface of the tongue and the time of sacrifice histopathological examination, morphometry and immunohistochemistry was performed.FINDINGS: After 5 days; Histopathological studies showed inflammatory cells (mast cells) count in treatment group with 200 mg/kg extraction dosage and blood vessels count in treated groups with 300 mg/kg was significantly higher than control groups. Result showed new epithelium is thicker in treated groups is higher compare to control group but it was not statistically significant although papillae thickness was significantly higher and lamina properia was lower in treatment groups. Results from immunohistochemistry showed significant lower nitric oxide synthase in treated group with 200mg/kg. Results after 10 days: results showed no significant results.CONCLUSION: Capers extract by increasing the thickness of the epithelium papillae, reducing the thickness of the lining, increasing the number of blood vessels, increasing the number of mast cells and reduced expression of Nitric oxide synthases (INOS) can be involved in wound healing, oral rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Deposition of cholesterol in the arteries is the one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease. Lovastatin is a blood cholesterol-lowering drug that inhibits 3-Hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) enzyme. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effective factors for lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542.METHODS: This study is a literature review, In order to gather information, articles containing one of the words in their text, including: Cardiovascular disease, Lovastatin, HMG-CoA reductase, Liquid submerged fermentation, Aspergillus terreus were searched between 1960 and 2016 in PUBMED, NATURE, SCIENCE DIRECT and WHO databases.FINDINGS: A total of 180 papers found that of these, 70 were diagnosed article suitable for this study. According to the results, lactose as the best carbon source, soya been and yeast extract as the nitrogen source, C/N ratio of 41.3, the 107 spores/ml, the pH equal to 6.5, Fe, Zn, Mn as mineral elements and inducer such as linoleic acid at a optimum concentration causes the highest amount of lovastatin.CONCLUSION: The study shows, the source of carbon and nitrogen, the C/N, the amount and type of inoculation, pH, minerals and inducer are the most important factors affecting the morphology and oxygen uptake by the, Aspergillus terreus and hence also affect the production of lovastatin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, numerous attempts were done to find new treatment methods for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Anandamide (Anandamides; AEA) and di-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-Arachidonoylglycerol; 2-AG) are two major ligands of endocannabinoid system can be produced or deleted by a certain enzymatic pathway. Given the frequency and significance of these endocannabinoid ligands, it seems that endocannabinoid system in the brain can be changed with pharmacologically manipulating in the pathway of these two main ligands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic elimination of endocannabinoids inhibitors on tonic-clonic seizure caused by PTZ.METHODS: In this exprimental study 35 Adult male wistar rats were used in 4 groups. Tonic-colonic seizure was induced through single intra-peritoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/Kg). Latency and duration of each five behavioral seizure stages were monitored for 30 minutes. To inhibit Anandamides elimination, URB and LY (URB: 1 mg/kg, LY: 2.5 mg/kg, i.p), to inhibit 2-2-Arachidonoylglycerol degradation WWL and JJKK (JJKK: 1 mg/kg, WWL: 5 mg/kg, i.p), were used, all dissolved in DMSO and injected 15 minutes before PTZ injection. In sham group, PTZ was injected after DMSO. Time and duration of all five behavioral stages of seizure were recorded for 30 minutes.FINDINGS: Delay to stages 4 and 5 in DMSO+PTZ group were 206+39 and 209+39, respectivly. While in JJKK+WWL+DMSO+PTZ group delay to stages 4 and 5 were 630+159 and 726+360, respectivly, which reveald significant increase (p<0.05). In addition, percentage of stage 5 incidence and mortality rate were 91% in DMSO+PTZ group, while both indexes were decreased to 50% in (JJKK+WWL+DMSO) group.CONCLUSION: Contemporary using both WWL and JJKK as inhibitors of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol elimination effectivly reduced tonic- clonic seizure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Inula helenium is a medicinal plant with proven anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-fungal effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Inula helenium leaf on male rats.METHODS: 66 male rats were used in this experimental study. The animals were divided into 6 groups (each group consisted of 6 rats) for pain assessment tests: control group, groups treated with the extract (50, 100 and 300 mg/kg), morphine and naloxone in combination with 300 mg/kg extract. Furthermore, they were divided into 5 groups (each group consisted of 6 rats) for anti-inflammatory tests: control group, groups treated with the extract (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and dexamethasone. Tail-flick, rating and formalin tests were used to assess pain and xylene test was used to assess inflammation.FINDINGS: According to the results of rating (28.21±1.34) and tail-flick (5.11±1.34) tests, using 300 mg/kg extract had significant antinociceptive effect (p<0.01) compared with control group (41.22±4.12). According to the formalin test, using 100 mg/kg extract decreased pain rating from 2.17±0.21 in control group to 0.53±0.24, in the chronic phase (p<0.05). According to the xylene test, using 50 and 100 mg/kg extract decreased the inflammation of the ear in rats (4.1±2 and 3.3±1, respectively) compared with control group (0.4±7.6) (p<0.001 and p<0.01).CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Inula helenium leaf may benefit from antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: As a crucial micronutrient, copper ion is engaged in various biochemical pathways and affects central nervous system, pain, and inflammation. Considering the significance of pain in physical and mental condition of patients, the present study aims to find new ways to reduce pain by investigating the effect of copper chloride on thermal and chemical pain and inflammatory edema through central and peripheral administrations.METHODS: In this empirical study, 77 male Wister rats (200–250g) were divided into 11 groups (n=7) including control group (with no treatment), sham 1 (saline, i.p) receiving 5, 10, 20 and 100 mg/kg CuCl2 intraperitoneally (i.p), sham 2 (saline, intrathecal (i.t)) receiving 0.002mg/10µl and 0.02mg/10µl CuCl2 intrathecally (i.t), sham 3 group receiving saline plus naloxone intraperitoneally (i.p) and the group receiving 10 mg/kg CuCl2 plus 2 mg/kg naloxone intraperitoneally (i.p). Thermal and chemical pain and the volume of inflammatory edema were assessed using tail flick, formalin and plethysmometery tests, respectively. Elevated plus maze and rotarod tests were used to examine the side effects of CuCl2.FINDINGS: 10 and 20 mg/kg CuCl2 (i.p) respectively reduced thermal pain (1.69±0.38 and 1.55±0.53) (p<0.001) and chemical pain (p<0.01) and reduced inflammatory paw edema (70.43±20.96 and 70.38±29.01) (p<0.01). However, rats receiving 100 mg/kg CuCl2 did not survive. On the other hand, naloxone abolished the analgesic effect of CuCl2 (0.015±0.055) (p<0.001). Intrathecal administration of 0.002mg/10µl CuCl2 had no significant effect on pain but 0.02mg/10µl CuCl2 reduced chemical pain (p<0.01). CuCl2 had no effect on balance and anxiety.CONCLUSION: Since administration of naloxone as opioid receptor antagonist abolished the analgesic effect of CuCl2, CuCl2 may induce analgesia by increasing the sensitivity of opioid receptors to endogenous opioids.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intracellular magnesium is a cofactor for several enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of magnesium as an effective and an underlying factor in disrupted glucose metabolism among pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).METHODS: This cross-sectional was conducted among 24-32 weeks pregnant women admitted to gynecology clinic of Ayatollah Rohani Hospital in Babol. Patients were divided into four groups: healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes. The demographic information was gathered using a questionnaire and the serum level, magnesium RBC and the fasting blood sugar were measured by laboratory methods and were compared between the four groups.FINDINGS: 399 patients with mean age of 26.53±5.54 participated in this study. Overall, mean serum magnesium level was 1.71±0.12 mg/dL and magnesium level in RBC was 4.88±0.29 mg/dL. The mean serum magnesium level was 1.73±0.10 in healthy pregnant women, 1.73±0.12 in pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, 1.71±0.13 in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 1.64±0.15 in pregnant women with overt diabetes and there was a significant difference between the four groups (p=0.001). The result regarding RBC magnesium level was found to be 5.12±0.18, 4.81±0.23, 4.77±0.24 and 4.66±0.38 in healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes, respectively, which was significant (p=0.001). Serum level and RBC magnesium in diabetic women was less than non-diabetic women.CONCLUSION: Results of the study demonstrated that magnesium could be an effective and an underlying factor in identification of disrupted glucose metabolism in pregnant women.