JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2001 | Volume:3 | Issue:4 (12)|Papers Count:16

OBJECTIVE: Over 1/3 to half of accurate medical diagnosis are based on x-ray examinations. The x-ray tube is the main part of a radiology set. X-ray production is a phenomenon with low efficiency and over 99.6% of the fast electrons energy changes to heat. This heat is also a limiting factor for the system function. The aim of this study was to design and manufacture an automatic heat control system in radiology tubes for multiple exposures. These exposures are allowed with regard to overload system but inappropriate intervaling in exposures causes heat damages in anode.METHODS: The hardware of system was designed and manufactured by using of micro-controller system. Its software was written by 8051 Franklin preview software package and on the basis of anode cooling chart data and installed on micro-controller by Al-11 system.FINDINGS: The designed system can calculate and display anode heat at every moment. Function ing test in 100 experimental exposures showed a reliability of 99.92 ± 0.07%. CONCLUSION: This system can be used as a suitable equipment in protecting and preventing radiology tubes against heat damages after frequent exposures.

OBJECTIVE: Achillea millefolium is a plant whose anti-inflammatory effects were proved by inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme activities. In this study, the effect of its hydroalcoholic extract on analgesic effect of morphine was investigated to lower the dose of injected morphine as much as possible. METHODS: This study was performed on rats by tail flick test. At first a suitable dose of morphine that caused analgesia was selected by dose response method. Then analgesic effect of different doses of achillea millefolium extract (25, 50, 75 and 100mg/kg) and also the effect of these doses on analgesic effect of a suitable dose of morphine (2.5mg/kg) were investigated. FINDINGS: According to the results and by using analytical variance method, the best dose of extract selected for improving the analgesic effect of morphine was 75mg/kg (p<0.05). Reflex time in control group to algogenic stimulant was about 2-3 seconds and in rats which received different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of achillea millefolium before injection of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) in comparison to those which only received morphine showed a significant increase (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: All doses of hydroalcoholic extract of achillea millefolium caused an increase of analgesic effect of morphine significantly (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the strongest effect was observed at 45 th minute of the trial.

OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori eradication is recommended in gastric and duodental ulcer and MALT lymphoma management. For following up of patients after treatment of h.pylori infection, invasive and non-invasive procedures can be performed. The objective of this study was to compare invasive and non-invasive procedures. METHODS: 150 patients with h.pylori positive were selected for our study and divided into three groups. In all groups quadriple therapy (omeprazole, bismuth, metronidazole and amoxicillin) was done. One month later endoscopy and biopsy, serology (H.pylori ELISA IgA) and serology (H.pylori ELISA IgG) were done in first, second and third group respectively and compared for h.pylori eradication. FINDINGS: 127 patients remained as subjects in our study. In first group, endoscopy and biopsy was done again and we found no h.pylori in 70.7% of the cases of the first group, 35.7% and 20.5% of the cases of the second and third group respectively and this difference was statistically meaningful (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In spite of the fact that endoscopy and biopsy in comparison to serology is an invasive procedure, it is recommended for short term follow up of patients (one month).

OBJECTIVE: Keffir is known as one of the sour milk products originated in the north of Caucasus. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of this product have not already been investicated. In general, keffir contains the following microorganisms: Lactic acid streptococci, lactobacilli, mesophilic lactic acid, lactose fermenting and non-fermenting yeasts and lactic acid bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine therapeutic effects of keffir.METHODS: This study was performed on bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, and three species of fungi: candida albicans, trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis. The antimicrobial effects of eight extracts of common yoghurt and extract of keffir at 20°c and 37°c at two times of 24 and 48 hour fermentation in vitro on four species of bacteria and three species of fungi were studied by cup plate and serial dilution methods. FINDINGS: From extracts of common and keffir yoghurt at 20°c and 37°c at two times of 24 and 48 hour fermentation, keffir with 75 mg/ml concentration showed the strongest effect on p. aeruginosa at 37°c with 48 hour fermentation time. CONCLUSION: Kerffir has an antimicrobial effect on some pathogenic bacteria as P. aeruginosa.

OBJECTIVE: Abortion is defined to the termination of pregnancy before 20th week on the basis of the sate of the first day of the last normal menses. For therapeutic purpose, two forms of abortion can be two done; Spontaneous and induced. Common treatment of abortion is dilatation and curettage (D & C). The other is expectant treatment that reduces clearly requirement to the surgery. METHODS: This descriptive and analytioal study was done on the patients who referred to Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol during 1999-2000 this study was done on 51 patients who had spontaneous abortion in the first trimester, spotting and endometrial line with 12mm diameter and less in the abdominal sonography. Obtained data was analyzed by x2 and paired T tests. FINDINGS: In this study, the mean age of partients was 25.1±5.15 years and mean gestational age was 7.71±1.47 weeks that there was not a significant relationship (p<0.05). From all of 51 patints, 50 cases (98%) didn't (p<0.05) need to curetage and 1 (2%) is curettaged because of sever hemorrhage (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The results showed that abdominal sanography can be done on patients with spontaneous abortion and spotting and with regard to 12mm endometrial line or less, expectant treatment can be considered for them so that is prevented of curettage that have complications such as general anesthesia, surgery and hospital expenses.

OBJECTIVE: One of the most important duties of an anesthetist is keeping the airways open. Since there is a contraindication of succinylcholine in some cases, tracheal intubation is done by nondepolarization muscle relaxants with a delay of 4 min. In this study, this delay time has been decreased to 30 seconds with an additional dose of thiopental (20%) and atracorium injection. METHODS: This study was conducted on 100 cases in A.S.A class I of American society of anesthesiologists classification with patients of 15-45 years of age. They were randomly divided into two groups (each group with 50 cases). In control group after premedication, in first group anesthesia started with atracorium (0.6 mg/kg) and then with thiopental sodium (5mg/kg) and intubation was done after 4 min of ventilation. In case group after administration of the same premedication and atracorium, an additional dose of thiopental sodium (20%) was injected and tracheal intubation was done after 30 seconds. Heart beat and blood pressure at 0 minute after premedication, at induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation and after 5 min with intubation were monitored. The quality and tube tolerance were recorded and analysed statistically as well.FINDINGS: In both groups after induction of anesthesia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased and heart rate increased. In spite of changes of blood pressure in case group, there was not a statistically significant difference. Intubation was easily performed on 92% of patients in case group and 96% in control group and also 20% in case group and 12% in control group did not tolerate the endotracheal tube without any significant difference.CONCLUSION: A 4 minute delay for intubation by atracorium can be decreased to 30 seconds with an additional dose of thiopental. This method can be used for patients with contraindication of succinylcholine use and also it can decrease the side effects of longtime P.P.V mask ventilation and anesthesia bag.

OBJECTIVE: The family caregivers of patients with mental disorders are in fact the backbone of clinical and health care system. They are considered as a patient because of their responsibility for caring mental patients that may make them suffer from mental exhaustion. This investingation was done to determine the rate of mental exhaustion of these persons referred to Zahedan psychiatric center in 2000. METHODS: This descriptive and analytical study was done on 125 family caregivers. At first mental patients personal characteristics and their psychiatric diagnosis were surveyed by using their files and then information related to caregivers personal characteristics and their mental exhaustion were gathered by questionnaires. Data was presented by descriptive and analytical indices.FINDINGS: From all caregivers 26.4%, 60.8% and 12.8% suffered from mild, moderate and severe exhaustion respectively. According to the report, the exhaustion developed after taking care of patients with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders was more prevalent than mood disorders. In this study, 73.6% of family caregivers suffered from moderate and severe exhaustion.CONCLUSION: Long term care of patients with mental disorders cause caregivers to experience a sense of burden that can endanger their mental health and deteriorate the quality of care. It is recommended that intervention be imposed to reduce such burdens.

OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, lack of knowledge about side effects of cesarean, negative attitude to normal delivery and incorrect information about delivery complications cause pregnant women tend to cesarean. By determining knowledge level and attitude of normal delivery can increase tendency to normal delivery. METHODS: This study was done on 250 pregnant women referred tp four Babol clinical and health centers during 6 months and questionnaires. Were completed about their presonal characteristics and their knowledge level and attitude. Their knowledge level and attitude were determined according to their scores.FINDINGS: The knowledge level about normal delivery in 40.8% 54.4% and 4.8% of pregnant women were low, average and high respectively and their attitude to normal delivery in 48.8% , 31.6% and 14.6 were negative , indifferent and positive respectively. Pregnant women in this group had higher knowledge and lower negative attitude to vaginal delivery in comparison to those who chose cesarean (39.4%) (p<0.001). The results showed that negative attitude in persons with low knowledge was more (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: According to this study pregnant women have low knowledge level about the advantages of normal delivery since in this there is a relationship between knowledge and attitude, the correct programs can increase the knowledge and positive attitude to normal delivery.

OBJECTIVE: One of the major causes of nosocomial infections is staphylococcus aureus. Resistance of this organism to antibiotics has made many problems in its treatment and eradication. So, it is evident that determination and report of its resistance to antibiotics in different regions is necessary. METHODS: 125 positive cultures of staphylococcus aureus obtained from patients and carriers in hospitals and medical laboratories in Babol over a period of one year. Of these, 84 cases (71%) were patients with various skin infections, UTI and surgical wounds. 36 cases (29%) were hospital personnel with samples taken from their nasal mucosa. After isolation of bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity tests to oxacillin were performed with disk diffusion and exoecallin sereen plate methods. Sensitivity tests to vancomycin, penicillin and trimethoprim were performed on esistant bacteria. FINDINGS: 90 samples staph. Aureus species (76%) were found to be resistant to oxacillin. All of them were resistant to penicillin as well. 65% of these showed resistance to trimethoprim. But all oxacillin resistant species were sensitive to vancomycin. CONCLUSION: Prior to treatment of staph. Aurenus infections, antibiogram tests must be performed as the results show that antibiotic resistance of isolated bacteria is notceable. This avoids unnecessary expenses and unsuccessful therapy. A continuous microbiologic investigation is recommended to find efficient ways for eradication or at least lowering the incidence of staph. Aureus infections.

OBJECTIVE: Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor with vascular origin with an incidence of only 10% among children. Along with the report of this rare condition, we reviewed literature. CASE: A full term neonate with a birthweight appropriate to gestational age referred with a posterior midline buttock mass. The tumor was resected completely, the histopathologic and immunohistochemistry reaction showed hemangiopericytoma. Regular follow up examinations after discharge showed no recurrence at the location of resection and no remote metastasis up to 11 months of age. CONCLUSION: Hemangiopericytoma should be considered in differential diagnosis of posterior midline buttock mass in a neonate

Although molar pregnancy is rare in women over 50 years old, but it is very important due to the risk of persistent and malignant trophoblastic disease in women over 40 years old.Case: The case was a 52 year old woman with complaint of vaginal bleeding for 4 months. According to the result of abdominal sonography, a 91 112mm mass with mixed echogenicity in fundus of uterus with muoma diagnosis was reported. Clustered vesicles (molar pregnancy) were obseved after abdominal hysterctomy and incision of uterus. Conclusion: Sonography is very helpful in diagnosis of molar pregnancy but is not urinary pregnancy test hasn't enough accuracy for diagnosis of molar pregnancy.In premenopausal age group, pregnancy complications such as molar pregnancy must be consodered as important differential diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeing. This case was treated by abdominal hysterectomy and serial HCG Follow up measure merts with regard to her age and family planning.

OBJECTIVE: This investigation was conducted with regard to the spread of toxoplasma infection and its complications in human and domesticated animals. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of toxoplasmosis infection in residents and domesticated animals in Saveh town.METHODS: In this study 1299 persons (762 were rural and 537 were urban) and 1952 domesticated animals (832 cattle and 1120 sheep) were rendomly selected and studied by using of IFA test as screening serologically. FINDINGS: The result should that 22.5% of studied animals (25.5% sheep and 18.4% cattle) had positive toxoplasma antibody titer the rate of toxoplasma infection in rural cattle and urban sheep in comparison to urban cattle and rural sheep was more. Also 35.3% persons (35.6% females, 34.9% males) had positive toxoplasma antibody titer. The rate of toxoplasma infection in urban people was significatly more than rural ones.CONCLUSION: With regard to low knowledge level about toxoplasmosis and its complications, it should be suggested some educational programs to prevent the incidence of this disease.