JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2001 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 (10)|Papers Count:12

OBJECTIVE: Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus flavus were known as pathogenic fungi and their conidia and metabolites (mycotoxins) cause diseases in many living organisms. Aspergillus fumigatus mostly grow on the stored cereals and aspergillus flavus usually grow on the rotten vegetables and mycotoxin was produced by them. This study was done to survey long-term effects of contaminated food by fungi in rats. METHODS: In this study, Wistar rats were divided into three groups: One group was fed with ordinary food (plate) as a control, and two experimental groups were fed with a contaminated food by asp. fumigatus and asp. flavus for one and three months respectively. In all groups intestine, lung and kidney biopsy were drawn and surveyed for microscopic investigation. FINDINGS: Histopathologic findings in experimental groups were as follows: congestion in nephrons and intratubular spaces and collape glomerulus in kidney, spreading of lymphatic nodes and aggregation of lymphatic cells in pulmonary paranchyma and aggregation of lymphatic cells in intestinal lamina propria.CONCLUSION:Findings showed the destructive effects of asp. fumigatus and asp. flavus on various organs. Since the moulded food is commonly used in animal husbandry, the inspection and prevention of this matter is necessary. On the other hand, giving public awareness regarding how to keep food out of the fungi would be helpful

OBJECTIVE: Purification of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk by chromatography is a new investigation. In this study, we developed an easy and inexpensive method for purification of IgY from egg yolk. METHODS: The yolk from egg was separated and passed through a nylon mesh into a measuring cylinder. The egg yolk was diluted 10 times with HCL (3 mM) and prepared suspension was centrifuged. Solid ammonium sulfate was added to 60% saturation. The precipitate was dissolved in phosphate buffer and applied on the gel-filtration columns (sephadex G25, G200). FINDINGS: The result of cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH=9 showed some extra bands which were isolated with ammonium sulfate precipitation and sephadex G-25 chromatography. The purified band was observed in the y-globulin region. After sephadex G-200 chromatography, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the product showed one band about 63 KD. CONCLUSION: IgY extraction and purification with acid, centrifugation, ammonium sulfate and gel filtration are effective and simple operative methods.

OBJECTIVE: Measles is one of the acute and contagious diseases of human, and according to the estimation of the world health organization (WHO), it may be eradicated by the year 2010. Therefore, diagnosis of measles is emphasized by using quick and sensitive methods for control and prevention of measles. METHODS: Various methods are used to diagnose antibody against measles virus, include hemagglutination inhibition (HI), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), plaque reduction (PR) and neutralization test (NT). One of these methods is dot-immunoassay (DIA). In this method, nitrocellulose paper is used as solid phase instead of microplate. FINDINGS: In this study, DIA in comparison to HI had 98.8% sensitivity and 85% specificity, and in comparison to EIA had 96.5%, 90% sensitivity and specificity respectively. CONCLUSION: This technique has advantages such as sensitivity, high specificity, low cost and speed.

OBJECTIVE: The estimation of weight of the fetus by physicians and midwives affects on antepartum and intrapartum cares and the choice of suitable method for the mode of delivery. This study was done to evaluate the value of the clinical examination and estimation of fetal weight by using Jhonson formula in term pregnancy. METHODS: In this descriptive and analytical study, 230 term pregnant women in their early stages of labor with cephalic presentation referred to Niknafs hospital in Kerman, were consecutively chosen. Last menstrual period, parity, the round of arm, fundal height in 4 different positions after voiding, and neonatal weight were registered for each patient. Estimated fetal weight was calculated by Jhonson formula. FINDINGS: There was a significant relationship between neonatal weight and the height of uterine fundus 'in different positions, especially in supine position with flexed knees. Correlation coefficient in all positions was more than 0.68. Also, correlation coefficient between estimated and true fetal weight in supine position with flexed knees was 0.50 (p =0.008) and in three other positions was more than 0.48 (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Using of clinical examination and Jhonson formula are recommended for estimation of fetal weight in all obstetric centers, especially primary centers.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac diseases, especially myocardial infarction (MI) are one of the major causes of mortality and cause heavy expenditure of money. Nowadays, investigations are done to prevent and control the risk factors, especially identification of prognostic factors that elevated levels of serum Ctpn-I is one of them. METHODS: 100 patients with UA and diagnosis of CHF or PIE who had ischemic changes in their EKG with regard to occurrence of MI or cardiac death and serum Ctpn-I level were followed in a 6 week period The incidence of MI and cardiac death in elevated Ctpn- I and normal groups were compared and analysed statistically. FINDINGS: From 100 selected patients, 24 cases had positive elevated level of serum Ctpn-I who 6 of them had MI or died and among 76 cases, only 3 of them had MI or died (RR=6.33). CONCLUSION: In this study, elevated levels of serum Ctpn-I, is an independent prognostic factor for occurrence of MI or cardiac death during 6 weeks.      

OBJECTIVE: Developmental dysplasia or dislocation of the hip (DDH) is a common and serious problem of newborns and infants. In different parts of the world, the incidence of DDH is different according to their geographical area, race, tribe and culture. With regard to epidemiological characteristics and risk factors, by early diagnosis and treatment can reach a pleasing conclusion and make it possible to reduce individual and social problems. METHODS: With simple sequential sampling method, 3498 newborns in two governmental and private maternity were examined by Ortolani and Barlow tests for diagnosing DDH. Also, all suspicious and affected cases were evaluated by sonography. FINDINGS: Suspicious and unstable cases and dislocation of the hip were %6.4, %7, %5 respectively. Females were affected 3 times more than males; Newborns who were born by abdominal delivery were affected 4.7 times more than ones who were born by vaginal delivery (p<0.001). Newborns of first delivery were affected more than subsequent ones. For diagnosis of DDH, Barlow test was more specific and Ortolani test was more sensitive. Sonography confirmed all cases. Newborns with breech condition were not affected by DDH. Right hip was affected 3.2 times more than left hip. All suspicious immature newborns after complete evaluation were affected by DDH and immature newborns were affected more than mature ones by DDH. CONCLUSION: Dysplasia of the hip with some characteristics such as affected hip, prevalence in immature infants connected with breech and cesarian conditions. Barlow test was more specific in diagnosis of DDH in comparison to Ortolani test and sonography examination was known as a certain method for paraclinical diagnosis.        

OBJECTIVE: β - thalassemia major is one of the common genetic disorders in Iran. In Isfahan, the prevalence of gene carriers is about 8%. As yet, no many information about skin manifestations of these patients has been published. This study was done to evaluate skin manifestations in thalassemia major patients and compared them with laboratory and pathologic findings. METHODS: 367 cases of β -thalassemiamajor who referred to this center, were clinically examined during (1998-99). Routine and special lab tests were done on all cases and skin biopsy was done on selected cases. The findings were analyzed by statistical methods and compared with the sex, age, serum ferritin, thyroid hormone level, liver enzymes and amount of injected desferal. FINDINGS: Skin dryness (53%), freckling (33%), lentigo (28%), coarse hair (24%), scar and hyperpigmentation at the desferal injection site (28% & 30% respectively), distal nail brittlleness (23%), nail plate roughness (21%) and hard palate pigmentation (30%) were the most common findings. Some skin lesions related to age, sex, serum ferritin level, thyroid hormone and hemoglobin. A11lesions, except hair and skin dryness, were severe in older patients. CONCLUSION: Skin and mucosal manifestations are common in thalassemia major cases. Most manifestations are related to iron deposition in skin and other organs and incomplete treatment by present methods.    

OBJECTIVE: Intestinal parasites are one of the major medical and health problems in developing world and cause malnutrition, diarrhea, weight loss and anemia in human, especially in children. This study was done to determine prevalence of intestinal parasites in primary school children in Bandpay. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 1999. Stool samples from all children were examined by direct and floculation methods. The data analysed by chi-square test. FINDINGS: From all of 3429 students, 49.7% were male and 50.3% were female. 28.5% of them were infected. The frequency of the most important kinds of intestinal parasites was as follows: Giardia 21.4%, Entamoeba coli 3.4%, Hymenolepis nana 1.3%, Enterobius vermicularis 0.7%, Trichostrongylus 0.6%, Trichocephale 0.5% and Entamoeba histolytica 0.3%. X2 test showed that the boys were significantly infected more than the girls by all kinds of parasites (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: According to the results, giardia is the most common parasite in this region and the boys were infected more than the girls. Education of school children and people in the field of health program and chlorination of water supply are necessary for prevention of parasite transmission.      

OBJECTIVE: Nosocomial infections are one of the important factors in mortality and morbidity that are being increased in all over the world every year. Staphylococcus aureus has been known as one of the most important causative factors. This investigation was done to determine what percent of personnel were the carriers of staphylococcus aureus in their noses in Babol hospitals. METHODS: 210 nasal swab samples from the personnel of 3 educational hospitals of the university were randomly taken and inoculated at the laboratory. FINDIGS: 42% of the samples were positive for staphylococcus aureus. In Yahyanejad, Amirkola. And Shahid Beheshti hospitals, the percent of positive samples were 59%, 42% and 32% respectively. The percent of positive samples among laboratory and infectious ward staff (67%, 65% respectively) were more than other wards. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus in personnel noses should be considered seriously. For decreasing such nosocomial infections among hospital staff and their relative, it is necessary to be planned practical methods for preventing and eradicating this bacterium.      

OBJECTIVE: Applying occupational health as a part of primary health care (P.H.C) and enacting laws in regard to workers health providing cause general practitioners to be known as one of the most essential service providers. This study was done to determine the knowledge level and encountering of general practitioners (GPs) regarding the occupational health in Babol (1999). METHODS: This cross – sectional study was conducted on all of Gps during second six month of year. The data were gathered by questionnaires and visiting GPs and then analyzed by using of descriptive statistics. FINDIGS: In this study, from 183 GPs, 149 persons participated and the others refused or didn't participate because of higher education. Among physicians, 69% were familiar with occupational health science, 79.6% were asked by their patients about complications that are caused by working and 85% faced with patients who had occupational diseases. 10% of physicians cooperated with industries in providing health of workers. CONCLUSION: According to the results, for orienting medical students, revision of occupational health education on the basis of the community requirement is necessary.    

OBJECTIVE: The most common cause of acute onset of bleeding in children is autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that appears 1-4 weeks after viral infections with petechia, mucosal and gumbleeding. The cause of ITP is antiplatelet antibody IgG/lgM and one of the methods for its treatment is Mg infusion. CASE: The patient was a 11-year - old girl with purpura on her foot that were diffused on other parts of her body, especially on her thigh. At first time, by diagnosing ITP, the patient with a history of bleeding and arthritis in two stages with platelet counts 110000 and 72000 was treated with prednisone. When drugs were interrupted, complications relapsed again. In second stage, she was hospitalized and treated with Mg infusion (400 mg/kg/day). After 3 days with symptoms such as headache, vomiting, neck rigidity cast doubt on meningitis. Therefore, LP was done and CSF findings confirmed aseptic meningitis and using of antibiotic was recommended. CONCLUSION: IVIg infusion that is used for treatment of different diseases such as primary immunodeficiencies, infection in LBW infants and patients with CLL and ITP has different complications. Aseptic meningitis is one of the complications in patients who use this drug.