Journal of Mashhad Dental School
Year:2019 | Volume:42 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:12

Introduction: Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a product of DNA damage. Considering the role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the present study aimed to evaluate the DNA damage caused by oxidative stress in these patients. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 30 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 30 healthy subjects. The subjects were matched in terms of age and gender. The inclusion criteria for enrollment were the absence of systemic diseases, no drug use, no tobacco and alcohol use, and no use of antioxidant supplements for the past 3 months. The inclusion criterion for recruitment in the study groups was the presence of a recurrent aphthous ulcer for a minimum of three times per year. Unstimulated saliva sampling was performed. Data were analyzed by t-student. Conclusion: No significant difference was observed between the patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and healthy subjects regarding the level of 8-OHdG (P=0. 427).

Introduction: Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers, the latter with the commercial trademark of “ Essix” , are commonly used for retention after orthodontic treatment. The present study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with Hawley and Essix retainers. Materials and Methods: This clinical study was conducted on 90 patients aged 14-25 years who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment and required retainers. The selected patients were divided into three groups based on the retention protocols. In the first group, Hawley retainers were used for four months full time and then night-only. The patients in the second group (Essix4M) used Essix retainers for four months full-time and then night-only. In the third group (Essix1W), the patients used Essix retainers for one week full-time and then night-only. Patient satisfaction was assessed using questionnaires one week and eight months after applying the retainers. Data analysis was performed in SPSS at the significance level of P<0. 05. Results: Total score of patient satisfaction based on the completed questionnaires was higher in the Essix1W group after one week of retention compared to the other groups, while the difference between the groups was not significant (P=0. 885). After eight months of using the retainers, the total score of patient satisfaction was higher in the Hawley group compared to the other groups, while the difference between the groups was not considered significant in this regard (P=0. 118). Conclusion: According to the results, there was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between the Hawley and Essix groups (with different wear-time protocols). However, the insignificant differences in this regard indicated that the Essix1W protocol was more accepted at short-term intervals, whereas long-term satisfaction was higher with the Hawley retainers.

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a prevalent odontogenic maxillofacial tumor. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered to be one of the main risk factors for ameloblastoma. The current research aimed to investigate the presence of HPV in the ameloblastoma of jaw samples using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 77 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, which were obtained from the archives of the Department of Pathology at Mashhad Dentistry School and Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Deparaffinization and DNA extraction in the samples were performed in accordance with the instructions of the YTA genomic DNA extraction mini kit. After PCR, the presence of HPV was evaluated in the samples. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistic (frequency distribution tables and charts), Chi-square, and logistic regression. Results: Among 77 lesions, 20 cases were follicular, four cases were acanthomatous, three cases were basal cells, eight cases were desmoblastic, 17 cases were unicystic, and 25 cases were plexiform. Moreover, five samples (6. 5%) were positive for HPV. HPV was detected in one follicular case, two unicystic cases, and two plexiform cases. Conclusion: Considering the low prevalence of HPV in the examined lesions, it could not be concluded that the virus was involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of the lesions. Therefore, further investigations must be conducted on larger sample sizes for more accurate results.

Introduction: Nomadic tribes are a population often with low education levels, poor economic status, and limited access to health care. The present study aimed to assess the oral health and oral hygiene behaviors of this specific population. Materials and Methods: This survey was conducted on 200 participants aged 18-60 years. The subjects were selected via two-stage sampling (convenience and cluster sampling) in Dehestan Ashayeri and Cheshmeh Langan regions in Fereydoon Shahr, Iran in the spring and summer of 2016. Community periodontal index (CPI) and DMFT indices were recorded during dental examination. In addition, oral hygiene behaviors and nutritional habits were recorded in checklists. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using t-test, Chi-square, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α =0. 05). Results: Among the participants, 83 males (41. 5%) and 117 females (58. 8%) (total: 81. 5%; n=163) were selected from Dehestan Ashayeri region, and 18. 5% of the subjects (n=37) were selected from Cheshmeh Langan region. According to the findings, 29. 1% of the subjects (n=58) never cleaned their teeth, and only 3% reported to brush their teeth daily. Mean of DMFT was 9. 6± 5. 6 (range: 0-28), and 56% and 40% of this index was due to tooth extraction and dental caries, respectively. No significant difference was observed between men and women in terms of DMFT, while a significant difference was denoted between various age groups in this regard (P<0. 001). Accordingly, DMFT was 6. 7± 4. 3 in the age group of 18-34 years, 12. 5± 5. 1 in the age group of 35-51 years, and 14. 3± 5. 1 in the age group of 52-68 years. No significant difference was observed in the DMFT between the age groups of 35-51 and 52-68 years. Moreover, codes zero and one were frequent in 2% (n=4) and 29. 5% of the subjects (n=59), while 61% (n=123) and 7% of the subjects (n=14) were codes three and four, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, dental caries is highly prevalent in the nomadic tribes of Fereydoon Shahr, and most of the dental referrals of this population are for tooth extraction. Furthermore, a high percentage of the subjects reported gingival bleeding. Based on the periodontal and edentulous health status of these individuals, their oral health status was considered poor compared to the general population.

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of various tissue inhibitors, including dentin powder, dentin matrix, bovine serum albumin, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, on the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and a new silver nanoparticle irrigant (Im-based AgNPs). Materials and Methods: In the first set of experiments, 950 μ L of each irrigating solution was mixed with 50 μ L of an Enterococcus faecalis suspension, and bacterial survival was assessed after 10, 30, and 60 seconds. In the second set of experiments, 100 μ L of each inhibitor suspension was mixed with 100 μ L of each irrigating solution and incubated for one hour. Afterwards, 100 μ L of the bacterial suspension was added. Bacterial survival was assessed after 10 seconds and 10 and 60 minutes. Both sets of experiments were performed in triplicate. The colony-forming units were counted, and the log-transformed number was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. In the statistical analysis, P-value of less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: In the first set of the experiments, the antibacterial activity of NaOCl and CHX was significantly higher compared to the AgNPs and saline solutions at all the times (P˂ 0. 05). In the second set of the experiments, the four inhibitors significantly inhibited the antibacterial effects of CHX and NaOCl (P˂ 0. 05), with the exception of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which had no effect on NaOCl. Similar to the negative control, AgNPs showed the high survival of the bacteria regardless of the presence or absence of the tissue inhibitors. Conclusion: According to the results, the tissue inhibitors affected the antibacterial activity of NaOCl and CHX at variables degrees. However, AgNPs showed no antibacterial activity regardless of the presence or absence of the inhibitors.

Introduction: Although oral health behaviors are associated with the personal attitude of individuals, proper behaviors through instilling positive attitudes should be discussed. Self-efficacy in tooth brushing is an effective predictor of oral health behaviors. The present study aimed to describe the attitude toward tooth brushing among the adolescent students in Isfahan and investigate the association between the attitudes and self-efficacy in brushing. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students aged 13-15 years in the public schools of Isfahan, Iran. The participants were selected via random two-stage stratified sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaire of brushing (40 items) and self-efficacy brushing tool (six items), and the two constructs were measured within the score ranges of 0-160 and 6-24, respectively. After extracting the descriptive findings, attitude and its domains and the association with self-efficacy in tooth brushing were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’ s correlation-coefficient. Results: In total, 381 questionnaires were completed, and the mean age of the students was 14. 2 years. In addition, the gender ratio was the same. The mean score of attitude was 76± 13. 3. Total score of attitude (P=0. 021) and score of the responsibility domain (P=0. 008) were significantly higher in girls compared to boys. The mean score of self-efficacy was 15. 9± 4. 3, and the total score of attitude had no significant correlation with self-efficacy. However, significant associations were observed between the values, emotions, and accountability domains. Moreover, the scores of attitude (P=0. 01) and self-efficacy (P=0. 001) were significantly correlated with the frequency of tooth brushing. Conclusion: According to the results, the overall status of the attitudes toward tooth brushing was at an average level. Although the questionnaire of attitude showed a significant correlation with self-reported tooth brushing habits, the criterion validity was not confirmed based on self-efficacy. Moreover, gender was observed to affect the attitude toward tooth brushing, while it had no effect on self-efficacy.

Introduction: Impacted teeth are a common incident with significant frequency and distribution variation in various populations. Several complications may arise if immediate diagnosis and proper treatment are not performed in the case of impacted lower wisdom teeth. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency and difficulty score of lower third molar impaction in the patients referring to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Mashhad Dental School, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 743 patients referring to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Mashhad Dental School during September 2017-March 2018. The position, impaction angle, and difficulty score were determined by panoramic views. Results: Out of 1, 118 impacted lower third molars, 456 cases (41%) had a mesioangular position, 293 cases (26%) were horizontal, 276 cases (25%) were vertical, and 94 cases (8%) had a distoangular position. In addition, impaction was more prevalent in women (58%) compared to men. The most frequent impaction was the moderate type (53%). However, no significant correlation was observed between gender and the difficulty score of the impacted teeth. On the other hand, a significant correlation was denoted between gender and the angle of wisdom teeth impaction based on the Schiller and Winter classification, as well as the impaction depth and ramus relation based on the Pell and Gregory classification (P<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, the frequency of moderate-to-severe impacted lower third molars was high in the patients referring to Mashhad Dental School. Therefore, it is critical to perform accurate screening, timely diagnosis, and proper treatment in these cases.

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the level of clinical competency and the influential factors in senior dentistry students at dental schools type one, two, and three using the self-assessment method. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 senior dentistry students at dental schools type one, two, and three in 2017. Data were collected using a checklist consisting of 135 items and two sections, including demographic characteristics and clinical competency in dentistry based on the dental curriculum of the past year and the influential factors in clinical competency. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical tests, including Spearman's correlationcoefficient, Chi-square, Mann– Whitney U test, and independent t-test at the significance level of P<0. 05. Results: Comparison of the similar departments in the selected dental schools indicated statistically significant differences in the prosthetic, endodontic, and orthodontic departments (P<0. 05). In general, community oral health department students were the most competent, while the students in the orthodontic department were the least competent. However, age and average university scores had no effects on the competency skills of the students. According to regression analysis, the differences between the dental schools and competency of the students in the periodontology, endodontic, and oral medicine departments were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Considering that the average scores of the dentistry students were close to medium, it is strongly recommended that the educational method and curriculum of dentistry be reviewed and revised in the clinical section.

Introduction: Revision of educational curricula is inevitable for various reasons, including the emergence of new sciences, personal interest of new faculty members, demographic changes, advancement in biological sciences, and fundamental changes in the delivery of health services. Therefore, assessing the views of the stakeholders of educational curricula could be a guide for educational planners. The present study aimed to investigate the challenges of implementing the general dentistry curriculum in the viewpoint of the students in the academic year 2017-2018. Materials and Methods: This study was based on the conventional quality content analysis, and data were collected via group interviews. The participants were selected via purposive sampling. In total, 10 general dentistry students assigned with the recently revised general dentistry curriculum were enrolled in the research. Data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA10 software. Results: After conducting the interviews and data analysis, 104 codes, 20 subcategories, and four categories emerged, including executive challenges (imprecise and inexperienced execution, lack of executive planning, and lack of coordination between the professors in the presentation of the integrated courses), educational challenges (inadequate sources of information to justify the students, limited time for training, inability to employ specialist professors for the new courses, educational injustice, inadequate integration, use of non-domiciled and untrained residents in educating the students, manners based on topic presentation, inappropriate contents in the new courses, non-compliance with the educational and preparatory prerequisites, and non-observance of the standards of medical hypotheses by the faculty members), additional and subjective challenges (reset-oriented and expert-oriented faculty members, lack of resources for problem design and practical solutions, habits of using the previous curriculum, and negative attitudes toward the new curriculum), and structural challenges (changes in the curriculum structure, physical facilities, and staff shortage of the faculty members). Conclusion: According to the results, the challenges expressed by the students highlighted the need for a curriculum-led revision team, developing change-based backgrounds, provision of physical and human resources, pilot implementation of the curriculum, and monitoring by medical education professionals.

Introduction: Definitive diagnosis of restoring worn surfaces and simultaneous control of the causes of these wears is considered a viable therapeutic option. In this paper, we have described the surgical therapeutic sequence of esthetic crown lengthening and restoration in a patient with bruxism and moderately worn dentition. Case Report: An 18-year-old male patient referred to the Periodontology Department of the School of Dentistry at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The treatment plan involved a crown lengthening surgery in the maxillary anterior sextant and an internal bleaching procedure for the maxillary left central incisor of the patient, followed by the reconstruction of the anterior maxillary sextant with ceramic veneer (IPS e. max). Conclusion: Two months after the recovery of the crown lengthening surgery, crown reconstruction was accomplished. In addition to preventing biologic violation, the crown of the lost tooth and the vertical dimensions of the teeth were also restored.