Geography and Development
Year:2009 | Volume:7 | Issue:14|Papers Count:9

The main aim of this research is investigation about adaptation of climatological conditions with bioclimatological requirements of olive plant for the selected climatological stations (Oroumiyyeh, Khoy, Salmas, Kahriz, Maku). Qualitative and quantitative considerations of climatological factors were also carried out according to olive plant cultivation conditions in the study area. Daily climatological data of the stations were collected for 15 statistical years (1989-2003) and were used for calculations.The study area is located between 32/37 to 37/39 north latitude and 26/44 to 45/5 east longitude. Stations with capability of olive cultivation were determined after consideration of climatological data and comparison of the result with required conditions of olive cultivation. The obtained results from analysis of climatological factors and adaptation of them with bioclimatological requirements of olive plant shows that this plant is very sensitive to heat decrease and heat makes limitation for olive cultivation in most part of the study area. Therefore, cultivation of olive is restricted only for Kahriz and Oroumiyyeh areas.According to the investigations that were carried out in this study, time table of cultivation and harvesting of olive yield was determined. Because of cold mountainous climatic conditions that is dominated in the study area, periods of blossom and harvesting of olive yield is later than the other areas. Blossom and harvesting periods are during June and September to early October respectively. Harvesting period for oil-pressing is in December.

The civil tourism management is classed as a balance to achievement frame in civil sustainable tourism. Each ineptitude in civil tourism management entails negative consequences. Thus, the importance of civil tourism management study considering to mentioned discussion is a reasonable solution for evaluation position and the other results according to tourism in cities.Related to civil tourism management analysis, there are several qualitative and quantitative models concerning to characteristics of tourism. One of these desirable models is SWOT.This model is used in some geographical researches in recent years. This qualitative model has some limitation. So, the authors have conflated two models SWOT with MADM, named MS- SWOT combination model.Basically, Mashhad Metropolis was viwed by three connected organs such as tourism and cultural herritage organization, Astan Qods Razavi and municipality. The research showed that just Mashhad municipality has positive operation. Two others had weak activities with exogenous system challenge and threats. Some keys and suggestions around management formation of centered tourism in Mashhad have been introduced according on conclusions.

Climate variation is one of the natural characteristics of atmospheric calculation which can cause some oscillation or effect prohibited on process of aerology parameters, such as precipitation and temperature (Razi, et.al, 1882). Drought is a normal feature and may occur in every climate regions.In the present study, standard precipitation index (SPI) was selected and it's advantages in regional analysis and creating chronological relations between occurrences of drought in different areas has been considered for studying the states characteristic of monthly precipitation, we have used GIS software such as ArcMap, Arcveiw, Smada , … .The most severe drought has happened in 2001. The least SPI is related to Nehbandan station with (-2.18). In this statistical period, the strong humidity has occurred in 1982, which Qaen had the highest SPI, around 2.65.Finally, considering the high capability of time series analysis in predicting different phenomena, and after analyzing the time series the average monthly drought intensity for different parts of province had been identified.

Women as a half of population of each country have an important role in the rural production and social services as well as their responsibilities as a mother and wife. In this regard, the role of the women in rural areas are catching points, as they have to participate in agricultural activities such as farming, harvesting, animal husbandry, and gardening. Therefore their important role in the family cannot be denied. In other words, their absence would not only affect their duties as a member of the family, mother and wife, it will also lead to an economical crisis. In this research, we will reply to two questions: 1- What relationship is there between the value of man-power of women in rural areas of Divandareh town, in Kordestan province and their participation in the family’s income?2- What relationship is there between the educational level of women in the rural areas of Divandareh town, in Kordestan province and their participation in the family’s income?For replying to this two questions, the data was collected by the means of documental research analytic method and semi-structured interview. For analyzing the data, the descriptive and statistical tests have been used. Findings show that:-There is a direct (significant) relationship between the value of man-power of women in the rural areas of Divandareh town, in Kordestan and their participation in the family’s income, with r=0.75 correlation coefficient.-There is a diverse (significant) relationship between the educational level of women in the rural areas of Divandareh town, in Kordestan and their participation in the family’s income, r=-71% correlation coefficient.

Topographic parameters extracted from digital elevation model (DEM), provide valuable information about characteristics of the earth surface. These parameters are used in quantitative geomorphology with regard to terrain analysis. By using these topographic parameters along with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and computer technology, feasible classification, mapping and geometric description of geomorphologic land views would be accessible. In this survey part of northwest land views of Shiraz were classified by using 4 topographic parameters (height, slope, profile curvature and planimetric curvature) extracted from DEM in GIS, and via interative self-organizing data analysis technique (ISODAT). The results of classification show five classes (and 7 land views) including: 1-relatively high mountains, 2-alluvial fans & high foothills, 3-low hills, 4-plains & flat surfaces and 5- low mountains & high hills. These results were compared with Shiraz land type's maps. According to The pertaining analysis, the application of topographic parameters & ISODAT method would be considered as a fairly efficient and suitable technique regarding to land views classification. It is argued that the method is easy, low cost, fast and relatively precise and well available in most software’s of GISs.

Knowledge produces human ability so it should invest for making. However, many of specialists in rural development believe that awareness is the basis of rural development. By having essential warning, they can participate in the development of their rural areas. Educational organizations have been teaching rural communities directly and indirectly for many years. However, mass media has a much more important role in the education, information and developmental participation of rural communities. The new geography approach that is important, increasing the awareness to rural communities by mass media. Therefore, this study is a survey research on the rurals of Gazvin province and its object review of mass media effect rate on the increasing the awareness part economy in the rural communities. It is concluded that despite, rurals availability to suitable infrastructure but they used often face to face process and mass media role is very weak for giving awareness to rural communities.

Akhlamad basin is karst formation of Mozdouran and Chaman-Bid in the south west of Mashhad. This karst area pertains to Mesozoic and affected by climatical, hydrological, lithological and Tectonical factores. Landscape of karst in area (Epi-karst and Endo-karst) in limestone and dolomite zone leading development of tourism. From this karst aquifers are used for drinking water of Mashhad. In present time 25% world population depend on karst drinking water.These paper ideas: classification geomorphic of karst in macro and micro in Akhlamad area. The karst is managemented for water pollution karst from geomorphic land form.

To logistics a global and regional trade of multi-trillion dollars magnitude, Iran enjoys an exceptional geographical location. Taking advantage of such an opportunity can create new capacities for making a more dynamic economic environment in which expanded employment chances and capital formation would promote the process of sustainable development. The “eastern axis” has promising comparative advantages, particularly in view of the importance of Chabahar for the transit of goods and helping the trade potentials of Afghanistan and the significance of pipeline routes and the commercial relations of landlocked Central Asia. The eastern axis has a "transit" potential and Chabahar is its center of "gravity". The transit industry of the eastern axis could undoubtedly bring social and economic vitality to this impoverished region. The resulting economic prosperity would complement the economic situation of the southern and northern part of the province and the neighboring Khorasan provinces. More importantly, the created social dynamics would enhance the historical coexistence and tolerance in the region by intertwining the interests of different players. Achieving such objectives requires a renewed emphasis on the development of the port, building new transit routes and refurbishing the old ones and, at the same time, modernizing equipments and legal instruments. All of these would not happen until necessary investments are made for the development of the transit corridors, a venture that is "certainly economically viable." Actualizing these potentials would create attractive national and international investment climate. Given "geopolitical" and "geo economic" imperatives of the region, the Islamic Republic of Iran can consolidate its position as a vital nexus of the north-south and east-west corridors, thereby enhancing its strategic weight and national economic development.