JOURNAL OF GORGAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2014 | Volume:15 | Issue:4 (48)|Papers Count:25

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common serious metabolic disorders. This study was done to determine the effect of 12-week yoga intervention on glucose, insulin and triglyceride serum levels in women with type II diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 26 women with Type II diabetes were divided into interventional (n=16) and control groups (n=10). Program of yoga exercise including: 75 minutes daily, three sessions in a week, and for 12 weeks. The level of glucose, insulin, leptin, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured prior and post - training period.Results: The levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides in the interventional group significantly reduced compared to control group following the training period (P<0.05). The level of leptin, HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol was not significantly altered in intervention group in compare to controls.Conclusion: 12 weeks of yoga exercises can improve blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride in women with type II diabetes.

Tissue engineering is based on three main factors including scaffolds, cells and growth factors. Natural scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering. Decellularization studies have shown that natural scaffolds which maintaine their main structure and properties could be a suitable tool for studying cellular behaviors and preparation of such scaffolds is an important part of future research in biology that may have extensive applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Blastema tissue which is produced after injuries in some organisms has embryonic cell characteristics, and can be a suitable model for evaluation of cell behaviors in various tissues. In this review, the process of decellularization, process involved in preparation of 3D scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix of various tissues including cartilage, bone, gingiva, aorta and bladder, and assessment of their interactions with blastema tissue under in vitro conditions are discussed.

Background and Objective: Ferula gummosa Boiss. (Barije.) contain medical and antimicrobial properties. This study was done to determine the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of roots of Ferula gummosa Boiss. on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, the plant was dried in dark place and aqueous, alcoholic extracts of Barije’s root, powder were prepared using Soxhlet method. The efficacy of 0.1 dilution of different values of extracts of Ferula gummosa Boiss. on the strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTCC 1430) were evaluated by disk diffusion, Agar-well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods.Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was completely resistant to the aqueous extract, and the MIC for the methanol and ethanol extracts was 1.25×104 mg/ml and 6.25×103 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Ferula gummosa Boiss. have antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in-vitro model.

Background and Objective: Reduction in cerebral blood flow following cereblal ischemia cause the production of oxygen free radicals and finally leads to brain tissue destruction. Pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of hippocampus are highly sensitive to hypoxic condition. This study was done to determine the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and vitamine E on cellular density of CA1 hippocampal area, learning ability and memory, following ischemia - reperfusion injury in mice.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done on 40 male mice in 5 groups as follow: sham control, ischemia, hCG treated, vitamine E treated and hCG+vitamine E treated groups. Single dose of vitamin E was injected intraperitonaly during the establishment of reperfusion and hCG was injected from 48h after ischemia for 5 days. Folowing the treatment period, mice brains were fixated by transcardial perfusion and stained by nissle method. The shuttle box was used to evaluate the learning memory.Results: Co-administartion of vitamine E and hCG, significantly increased the cell numbers in hippocampus compared to the ischemic group (P<0.001). Also learning and memory improved in treatment group in comparison with ischemia group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Co-administration of vitamin E and hCG improved ischemia-induced neurodegenration and memory impairment.

Background and Objective: Compression or sciatic axotomy induces neuronal death in spinal cord alpha motor neuron.  This study was carried out to determine the effect of Nigella sativa seed alcoholic extract on spinal motor neuron density in anterior horn after sciatic nerve compression in rat.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 24 wistar rats were divided into four groups A: control, B: compression, C: compression+treatment with 75 mg/kg alcoholic extract, D: compression+treatment with 50 mg/kg alcoholic extract. In control group muscle was exposed without any injury to sciatic nerve. In compression and treatment group, the right leg sciatic nerve compressed for 60 sec. After four weeks of post operation, L2-L4 and S1, S2 and S3 segments of spinal cord were sampled, processed, serially sectioned and stained with toluidine blue. The number of alpha motor neurons was counted using dissector method.Results: Neuronal density in compression group (650±32) significantly decreased in comparison with control group (1803±24). Neuronal density in C treated group (1581±47) and D treated group (1543±49) significantly increased compare to compression group (P<0.001).Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seed increased the density of alpha motor neurons in spinal cord after sciatic nerve compression in rats.

Background and Objective: Kombucha (fungal) tea is a sugar sweetened black tea obtained through a fermentation process containing symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. This study was done to determine the effect of Kombucha tea on rat liver histophatological alterations due to Thioacetamide (TAA).Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 adult male Wistar rats randomly allocated into four groups as follow: 1) control, 2) TAA group, treated with (TAA), (400 mg/kg/bw) for two weeks, 3) treated with (TAA), (400 mg/kg/bw) and then with Kombucha tea (50 mg/kg) and finally 4) preventive, treated with Kombucha tea, (50 mg/kg) and then (TAA), (400 mg/kg) for three weeks. The serum level of aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total bilirubin were meseared and liver tissue samples were stained by hematoxilin and eosin.Results: Serum level of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and total bilirubin significantly increased in TAA group compare to control group (P<0.05). Serum level of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and total bilirubin significantly reduced in treated and protective groups in comparision with TAA group (P<0.05). Mitosis and apptosis increased in TAA group. These liver histopathological alterations reduced in terated and protective groups.Conclusion: Kombucha tea contains theraputic and protective effects on enzyms and liver histophatological damage due to Thioacetamide in rat.

Background and Objective: Diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke. Some studies have shown that difference between clinical signs and prognosis in diabetic patients with stroke compared to non-diabetic patients with stroke is due to difference in pattern of cerebral vascular involvement. This study was done to compare the findings of extracranial and transcranial doppler sonography in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with thrombotic stroke.Materials and Methods: This case – control study was done on 70 diabetic patients and 70 non-diabetic patients with thrombotic stroke. All patients were new cases. Extracranial and transcranial doppler sonography was performed for all subjects.Results: Basilar artery stenosis was significantly more frequent in diabetic cases in comparison with non-diabetic patients (P<0.05). The prevalenc of posterior circulation stenosis in diabetic patients was significantly higher than non-diabetic patients (P<0.05).Conclusion: In diabetic patients, stenosis in vertebrobasilar circulation was more frequent. Higher morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients may be due to vascular stenosis pattern.

Background and Objective: Some studies have shown that pregnant women with abnormal glucose challenge test (GCT) and normal oral glucose challenge test (OGTT) have the chance of adverse pregnancy outcomes including macrosomia, pre-eclampsia and increase of cesarean section rate. This study was performed to determine the pregnancy outcomes in women with abnormal glucose challenge test.Materials and Methods: This case –control study was done on 60 pregnant women with abnormal GCT (more than 130 mg/dl) and normal OGTT and 67 pregnant women with normal GCT (less than 130 mg/dl) in Kermanshah ,Iran during September 2010-March 2011.Results: Delivery with Vacum, polyhydroamnus, pre-eclampsia pyelonephritis and low birth weight significantly was higher in cases than controls (P<0.05). But there was a non significant difference in stillbirth, neonatal abnormality, neonatal respiratory distress and shoulder dystocia between case and control groups.Conclusion: Polyhydramnious, preeclampsia and pyelonephrities and low birth weight are more frequent in pregnant women with abnormal GCT and normal OGTT in compare to pregnant women with normal GCT.

Background and Objective: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a important disinfectant. Fungal infections with resistant isolates in patients culminate in recurrence of disease even with worse condition. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of ultraviolet radiation on drug susceptibility of Candida Spp. to itraconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B.Materials and Methods: This laboratory study was done on 12 Candida spp. isolated from patients according to NCCLS M27- A method. Samples were suspended with sterile saline and optical density was read by spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 530 nm. Serial dilutions (0.0313-16 mg/ml) and (0.0313-128 mg/ml) were supplied for itraconazole, amphotericin and fluconazole, respectively. MICs were determined after 48h incubation at 35oC. Following UV radiation for 1, 2, 5, 10, 60, 90 and 120 seconds MICs were determined, subsequently.Results: The highest MIC pre UV radiation was (>128 mg/ml) for fluconazole. After UV radiation, MICs were steadily decreased for all mentioned drugs while after 10 sec, MICs of itraconazole and amphotericin B were >0.0313 mg/ml. Secondary MICs significantly decreased with respect to MICs obtained in pre UV radiation (P<0.05).Conclusion: UV radiation reduces MICs of Candida spp. to itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B.

Background and Objective: Candida albicans is the most frequent etiological agent of oral candidiasis. This study was done to compare the anticandidal effect of Thymus vulgaris and Myrtus communis to nystatin on Candida albicans.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study thirty-two strains of Candida albicans isolated from patients with oral candidiasis. Yeast suspension of Candida yeast cells was provided, subsquntly a serial dilution from Thymus vulgaris and Myrtus communis and Nystatin in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium were prepared. Then a loop of Candida suspension was cultured on all of the solid media and was incubated at 25oC. The findings of fungus growing were recorded during 7 days.Results: MIC of Thymus vulgaris, Myrtus communis L, mix of these essences and Nystatin was 0.390ml/ml, 12.5 ml/ml, 0.78 ml/ml and 160 IU/ml, respectively.Conclusion: Thymus vulgaris contained antifungal activity against Candida albicans, but Myrtus communis demonstrated a very low activity against Candida albicans.

Background and Objective: Aspergillosis is the most current causative agent of exogenous fungal nosocomial infection. This study was done to evaluate the drug susceptibility of Aspergillus flavus and A.fumigatus to itraconazole and amphotericin B.Materials and Methods: This Laboratory study was done on 25 Aspergillus fumigatus and 25 Aspergillus flavus species isolated from transplant's patients. Drug susceptibility test was done according to NCCLS M38-P document. Fungal suspensions of mentioned fungi were supplied with ranges 0.5–5×104 by spectrophotometer at 530 nm. Serial dilutions of drugs were supplied from 0.03125 to 16 mg/ml and MICs determined following 48h incubation at 35oC.Results: Obtained MICs ranges for Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus were 1-4 mg/ml and 0.5–4 mg/ml for itraconazole, respectively while MICs ranges against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus were 0.5-2 mg/ml and 0.25-2 mg/ml for amphotericin B, respectively. Amphotericin B MICs were significantly lower than itraconazole (P<0.05).Conclusion: Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigatus were susceptible to amphotericin B and itraconazole.

Background and Objective: Proprioceptive, vestibular and visual senses control human movements. This study was carried out to compare the posture of head and shoulder in blind, deaf and ordinary pupiles.Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytic study was done on 16 blind, 30 deaf and 60 ordinary pupiles in Ardabil city, Noth-west of Iran. Sagital and frontal planes Photos for each child was used for determination of head and shoulder deviation.Results: Forward head in blind group significantly was lower than deaf and ordinary pupiles (P<0.05). Rounded shoulder in blind and deaf pupiles significantly was lower than ordinary pupiles (P<0.05). Uneven shoulders in deaf pupiles significantly was lower than ordinary and blind children (P<0.05). Lateral flexion of the head in blind and deaf pupiles significantly was higher than ordinary children (P<0.05).Conclusion: There is a relationship between sensory impairment and postural problems paticularly in blindness Pupils.

Background and Objective: Fanconi anemia is the most prevalent inherited aplastic anemia. Diagnosis based solely on the recognition of clinical symptoms is not reliable. This study was done to determine chromosomal aberrations in patients suspected with the risk of Fanconi anemia in the Eastern Azarbaijan province- Iran.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 20 patients in the Eastern Azarbaijan province-Iran. The cytogenetic method was used to determine type and number of chromosomal disorders.Results: Nine eight and nine patients had co-morbid anemia, platelet deficiency and 9 patients had hand and finger deformities, respectively. Using cytogenetic method, Fanconi anemia was confirmed in 5 (25%) of the cases. The percentage of mitotic abnormalities in the chromosomes without administration of mitomycin C varied between 5-30% in the cultures of the 5 affected and between 0-4% in the 15 unaffected patients with the administration of mitomycin C, the percentages were increased up to 35-78% and 0-20% in affected and unaffected patients, respectively.Conclusion: Fanconi anemia is confirmed precisely in 25% of suspected patients using cytogenetic method.

Background and Objective: Leishmaniasis is one of the main Zoonotic Vector-Born disease which is transmitted by sand flies to human and animals. This study was carried out to determine the ecological characteristics of sand flies in Golestan province, North of Iran.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 3 villages in Aliabad Katul district in north of Iran were selected according to rural geography distribution and positive detected samples of human infection during 2010-02. Sand flies were collected by sticky traps. Three places were sampled in each village and in indoor and outdoor places 10 traps were installed. Sand flies were collected and their species was determined.Results: Totally 299 sand flies (160 from indoors and 139 from outdoors) were collected and consequently, 7 species of sandflies were identified including 4 species of phlebotomus genus and 3 species of Sergentomiya genus Ph. papatasi (55%) and S. sintoni (51%) were predominant species in indoor resting places and outdoor places, respectively. Sand flies seasonal activity extended from mid May through early October. Sand flies had one peak of activity in early August. Among the detected species, S. hodgsoni reported for first time from Golestan province.Conclusion: Ph. papatasi was recognized as predominant species in Aliabad Katul district, Golestan provincein northern Iran.

Background and Objective: Surgical wound infection is the most common complication following surgery. This study was done to determine the incidence risk factors of surgical wound infection following abdominal hysterectomy.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 400 patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy in Babol, North of Iran, during 2008-10. Age, underlying disease, BMI, use of immunosuppressive drugs hospitalization period prior to surgery, shaving and bath time, prophylactic antibiotic, duration of surgery, diagnosis and pathology were recorded for each patient. Evidence of surgical location of infection including surgical discharge, erythema and dehiscence of surgical wound with and without fever during 10 days after surgery were recorded.Results: Surgical wound infection was seen in 26 patients (6.5%) following abdominal hysterectomy. Regression analysis determined, use of immune-suppressive (95% CI: 1.71-480.30, P=0.020, OR: 28.70) and emergency operation (95% CI: 1.42-14.39, P=0.011, OR: 4.52), diabetes (95% CI: 1.23-11.26, P=0.020, OR: 3.72) were risk factors for surgical wound infection.Conclusion: Immuno-suppressive agents, emergency operation and diabetes increased surgical wound infection in post- abdominal hysterectomy.

Background and Objective: Coronary artery diseases are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. This study was done to determine the prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery diseases in patients referred to angiography center in Sari, Northern Iran.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 2540 patients referred to angiography center in Sari city, northern Iran, during 2005-10. Risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, Family history, CRP and also ECG changes, type and number of involved artery and the severity of vascular involvement were recorded for each patient.Results: Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking were seen in 40.8%, 40.5%, 29.1%, 12.5% of patients, respectively. Positive family history and CRP were found in 10% and 3.4% of the patients, respectively. 23.8% of patients had abnormal ECG. One, two and three vessel diseases were observed in 26.5%, 48.3%, 48.3% of cases, respectively. Left anterior descending artery constriction was seen in 75.8% and 80.4% of males and females, respectively. A significant relationship was found between diabetes and left coronary circumflex (P<0.04) and left anterior descending artery (P<0.03) constriction.Conclusion: Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, family history, abnormal ECG are among the risk factors of coronary artery diseases in this area.

Background and Objective: Dissection of the axillary lymph nodes is considered as one of the common measures in management of breast cancer. Edema and limitation in hand movement are accompanied with dissection of axillary lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be used to evaluate axillary metastasis. This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer.Materials and Methods: This descriptive  study was performed on 30 selected patients with breast cancer less than 5 cm without any involvement of axillary lymph nodes in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, North-East of Iran during 2009 -10. Initially, the lymphoscintigraphy was performed. Subsequently, prior, to the surgery, the blue dye as a marker was injected for detecting sentinel lymph node and with the use of probe gamma counter and observing blue color on lymph nodes, the sentinel node was determined and separated. Finally, axillary dissection was performed for removing the lymph nodes of I and II level in all patients.Results: Among 30 patients who were evaluated for sentinel lymph nodes and axillary dissection, false negative were observed only in two cases (6.6%). The sensitivity rate was determined to be 84.6%.Conclusion: Considering the high success rate of detection of sentinel lymph node and limited false negative cases, sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended in cases of breast cancer without axillary involvement.

Background and Objective: Four percent of fractures were happened in clavicle bone. This study was done to evaluate the outcomes of superior reconstruction plating method in middle third of clavicle fracture.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 31 patients with middle third of clavicle fracture in Tehran-Iran, during 2009-12. The patients were treated surgically with superior reconstruction plating method. The treatment outcomes were determined by regular follow up in constant shoulder score, duration of union and complications of surgery.Results: The mean value of constant shoulder score was 87.6 which are reduced by chronical age. Non union rate and infection occurred in 3.2% and 6.5% of subjects. Duration of union and pre-scapular pain is increased by chronical age.Conclusion: Superior reconstruction plating method is recommended for middle third of clavicle fractures due to low complication, high constant shoulder score and lower treatment cost.

Helminthic infections were reported from tropical and subtropical locations in the world. The parasitic helminths develop and migrate to different organs. Unusual cases may afflict the gallbladder and the biliary tract. The parasites invade the bile ducts and cause inflammation, fibrotic lesions, acute and chronic cholecystitis. In this article, we reported three unusual cases of parasitic infection in Kermanshah, Iran. The worms were isolated from gallbladder and biliary tract. The specimens were diagnosed by macroscopic features and staining methods. Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia saginata and adult type fasciola hepatica isolated from gall bladder and biliary duct. Cholecystectomy was done on all patients suffering from gall bladder inflammation and obstruction.

Temporary pace marker (TPM) usually has been used in emergency conditions. Insertion of TPM is accompanied with vein thrombosis and pulmonary Emboli. TPM was inserted via right femoral vein in 73 years male due to complete heart block. Thereafter, he was suffered from deep vein thrombosis. Echocardiography revealed multiple mobile clots in right atrium, ventricle and impending pulmonary thromboemboli following insertion of permanent pacemaker. Despite of contraindication for the application of thrombolytic agents due to surgical incision for permanent pacemaker and presence of patent foramen oval, the patient survived from massive pulmonary thromboemboli and death due to rapid diagnosis and on time treatment with anticoagulation agents without performing surgery.