Anatomical Sciences Journal
Year:2006 | Volume:4 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Purpose: The aim is to downregulate the expression level of NS as an important factor in sustaining stem cells and certain types of cancer cells self-renewal ability in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by RNAi strategy and investigate the effects of absence of NS in these cells.Materials and Methods: Double strand NS-specific and control siRNA oligos were designed and transfected into the cultured Rat bone marrow stromal stem cells by lipofection. Changes in gene expression pattern after downregulation of nucleostemin were investigated by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Also changes in rate of cell proliferation and cell cycle profile were studied.Results: The isolated cells had fibroblastic morphology and were able to differentiated to neuron-like cells as well as expressing stem cells and mesenchymal lineage specific genes. Expression of nucleostemin highly decrease upon trasfection by siRNA accompanied by reduction in the rate of cell proliferation, driving cells into senescence and reducing the expression of cyclin D1 and survivin.Conclusion: Analysis Studies revealed that introduction of nucleostemin-specific siRNA into the cultured cell was successful and caused a proportional reduction in expression of NS. Growth curve and cell cycle profile analysis as well as expression profile of certain genes involved in self-renewal processes represent an upstream role for nucleostemin in controlling bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells self-renewal.

Purpose: Co-culture systems of marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) with mature chondrocytes have theoretically been considered as a putative way of MSCs chondrogenic differentiation. MSCs differentiated in this system could be used for transplantation purpose without of any need to their purification since the cells with which MSCs are co cultured are native cartilage cells. Despite of the importance of this system, the data is very rare in this context which is subject of the present study. Materials and Methods: The mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of 4-6 weeks old NMRI mice by low-density primary culture system and expanded by performing two successive subcultures. Chondrocytes were obtained from rat costal cartilage and cultivated in 25-cm2 flasks for a period of two weeks. To prepare co culture systems, passaged-2 mesenchymal cells and primary-cultured chondrocytes were used. In present study, the different cell ratios of MSCs and chondrocytes including 1/1, 1/2 and 2/1 were prepared and cultivated in a micro mass culture systems in a medium lacking the factors known to induce cartilage differentiation. In the end of cultivation periods (21 days), the groups were examined by toluidine blue staining technique and RT-PCR analysis for murine cartilage differentiation.Results: Spindly–shaped murine mesenchymal cells were dominated the culture by second subculture. In the case of rat chondrocyte, these cells were reached to confluency 2 weeks after culture initiation. Co culture results indicated that in the group of 1/2 ratio (when the number of chondrocyte were as twice as MSCs), the abundant of metachromatic matrix containing collagen II, X and aggreacan were produced whereas in other groups this matrix were rarely observed.Conclusion: Chondrocyte co cultured with mesenchymal stem cells seemed to practically produce chondrogenic signal enough to promote intensive MSCs cartilage differentiation. In this system the ratio of the co cultured cells is important.

Purpose: The aim of this study is investigating the effect of quercetin on behavioral and nigrostriatal tissue in the experimental model of Parkinson in adult rat Materials and Methods: In this study we used 80 male rats from Wistar spring with body weight of 200-250 g. In order to make parkinson model, 6-OHDA (12.5 mg/kg) was injected intrastriatal unilaterally using stereotaxic method. Lesion rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with quercetin (20 mg/kg) one hour before surgery and once a day with 10 & 20 mg/kg doses up to one month after surgery. Rotational behaviore of apomorphine-induced postlesion was measured during the fifth week after surgery considered as treatment efficiency indicator. SNC cells were studied with nissle staning method.Results: Behavioral tests in the fifth week revealed that Apomorphine caused evident contralateral rotation in lesion group (P<0.001) and very low rotation in treatment group (P<0.01) comparing with sham group. Treatment group showed decrease in numbers of rotation (P<0.01) comparing with lesion group. Treatment groups with 10 and 20 mg/kg Quercetin did not show significant differences statistically. The number of SNC neurons in left side showed significant reduction in lesion group (P<0.001) and treatment groups (P<0.01) comparing with right side, but did not show significant changes in sham group.Conclusion: Behavioral and structural results indicated short-term intra-peritoneal administration of quercetin is effective as an antioxidant in treatment of early PD and may enhance the survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons.

Purpose: The study of MTBE as one of addetive substance to gasoline composition is important. on the other hand lack of sufficient and precedents from it’s application on organisms, we have tried to study the effects of its in two gavage and respiratory methods on lung structureMaterials and Methods: Experiments have done on four mice groups: A: control, B: solvent, C: gavage, D: respiratory groups. In gavage method, 0.1 cc of MTBE solution (0.06 cc MTBE+0.04 cc olive oil) was administrated orally for 25 days every day at a dose of 1600 mg/kg of body weight for 25 days. at the respiratory method for the same times, 0.4 cc of LC50 (72000 PPM) of MTBE is administrated in respiratory way in every day for 15 minutes. At the end of every period, after the dissection and removed of long. The samples are weighted and are prepared for microscopic studies.Results: Macroscopic and Microscopic studies the prepared samples, showed that there are some significant abnormalities in treatment mice.The principal abnormalities are: congestion of lung and increase of percentage lung weight to body weight, blood capillary development between the alveoli, thickness of septa, increase of mean of pnemocyte II and decrease of pneumocyte I cells number. Thickness of lung epithelium, decrease of alveolar size and alveolar duct width, increase of internal diameter and thickness of respiratory bronchiole, terminal bronchiole and bronchus walls.Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that the using MTBE in the gavage and respiratory methods produces lung abnormalities in experimental mice.

Purpose: Determination of changes of glycoconjugates, which have special terminal sugars, in embryonic developmental processes of brain stem and trigeminal nucleus in Balb/C mouse.Materials and Methods: In this study mice embryos between 10-17 embryonic days were used. They were fixed according to ordinary laboratory procedures. The specimens were embedded in paraffin and serial sections with a thickness of 5 µm were cut. To determine the presence of terminal sugars, in brain stem and trigeminal nucleus, 8 lectin conjugates with peroxidase were used.Results: The findings from this study showed that the intensity and the time of reaction of brain stem, trigeminal nucleus and its surrounding tissue, to lectins was different both with lectins and different embryonic days. The terminal sugar fucose was present in the first developmental stages in brain stem while in trigeminal nucleus it was present in later stages. The lectins SBA, PNA, MPA, and WFA identified the presence of N-acetylgalactose and D-saccharide galactose-N-acetylgalactoseamine in the trigeminal nucleus and its surrounding structures in different stages.Conclusions: Analyzing the results obtained from this study demonstrates that presence of surface glycoconjugates with N-acetylgalactoseamine, D-saccharide galactose-N-acetylgalactoseamine and fucose sugar terminals, may suggest that these sugars take part in the development neuron precursor cells in early gestation stages of brain stem and trigeminal nucleus, and be present in molecules of FGF-8 and BPM and control characteristics and differentiation of sensory dorsal neurons.

Purpose: In each society approximately 15% of couples suffer from fertility disorders and half of these are up to male factors. The aim of this study was to design and perform a prospective study to analyze and compare sperm parameters of feriite and sub fertile couples, in order to determine the minimum values required for fertility in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: 20o semen samples from patients which referred to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility centre as sub fertile samples were evaluated. 234 semen samples from individuals who their wives were pregnant, analyzed as fertile samples (summer 2004 to 2005). Volume, Density, motility, progressive linear motility, normal morphology, total count, motile count, normal count and normal motile count were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 and mean, median, range and 5, 10 percentile per each of parameters in fertile and sub fertile samples were calculated. The Receiver operative curves (ROC) i.e. area under curve and cut off values for semen parameters in 434 semen samples were recorded. Results: The results reveal that only the mean value of volume between fertile and sub fertile couples show no significant difference (p=0.142) and the volume of samples should not be considered as diagnostic value in order to determine potential or fertility status of individuals. Normal morphology (AUC=0.790) and progressive linear motility (AUC=0.783) have high specificity and sensitivity to predict fertility potential of individuals.Conclusion: The comparison between the results of this study with similar international studies high lighted the necessity of performance the similar regional studies. Since the geographic and genetic differences could be factors which produce the different values in semen parameters in each area. Obviously these values play and have a basic rule in selection suitable treatment procedure in sub fertile individuals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluated the effect of corn oil on mouse sperm count, motility, viability, quality of chromosome, testicular spermatid number per gram testis (TSN), anddaily sperm production (DSP). Materials and Methods: The protocol for corn oil adminstration was that male NMRI mice (the age groupe of 4weeks) received 100 and 150 ml corn oil orally for 14 days. The control group did not receive corn oil.All animals were weighed on the first and terminal day of experiment and then killed by cervical dislocation. The right and left testis weight without fat were recorded for each animal. sperm analysis was evaluated the end of this time. Epididymal spermatozoa from adult mice were collected in T6 medium supplemented with 4mg/kg BSA and the preserved sample at incubator 37oc for 1 hour. All the samples were assessed according to world healt organization criteria.Abnormal morphlogy was assessed using papanicula staining. Quality of choromosome sperm also was assessed using anilin-blue staining. After detached capsule right testis, the paranchyma was homogenized at low speed for 4 minutes in 2 ml of 0.4% Nacl solution. Homogenization-resistant spermatid heads were counted by aimproved neubar haemocytometer. Number of spermatid were expressed at TSN. DSP was calculated by dividing the total number of spermatid per gram testis by 4.84 (The duration of step 14-16 spermatids in the mouse seminiferous epithelial cycle.) One-way ANOVA and Kruscal-Walis H were utilized on parameters. Results: The results showed that 100 and 150 ml corn oil daily adminstration decrease count, viability, motility, abnormal morphlogy and quality of chromosome epididymal sperm, TSN, DSP, and body weight mouse compared the control group, but there wasnot seen significant difference (p>0.05). It is no effect on testis weight.Conclusion: The result of this study demonstrated that corn oil admistration is low negative effect on parameters sperm mouse.It is good solvent for reproductive system research studies.

Purpose: The main concern of this research is a fundamental study in ruling elements of Hovers bone system and making relationship between Bionic and Cybernetic sciences in order to make a better understanding of different sciences and effective use of biologic models and systems for industrial designs. Materials and Methods: the research was done with Origami science, using paper as a basic material in hand and also modeling the split circle in Hovers system in comparison with triangle and square models. In this way, the level of deformation against pressure and the maximum force resistance was studied. Result: the results confirmed that the circle model in comparison with triangle and square models showed the maximum resistance against the sustained pressure both in single and multi forms.Conclusion: In fact the presence of Hovers systems and righteously situated Osteoblades and their organic discipline can be ideal models in designing protective systems used in industry for protecting and stabilizing the means.