Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2014 | Volume:20 | Issue:4|Papers Count:23

Background and purpose: one of the main mission of the university is trainivy the professional manpower for the society. They must make efforts to reach this goal by identifying the problems, compiling and implementing plans and finally modifying them. Nursing and midwifery are applied professions dealing with human life and clinical education makes the core of these jobs. The present study is intended to investigate the problems of clinical education from the views of clinical instructors and ways of enhancing its quality.Methods and materials: this descriptive study involved senior students of nursing and midwifery (n=116) and instructors(n=13). Data were collected by a questionnaire including three Sections: personal information, clinical problems and solutions. The data were analyzed in spss using descriptive statistics.Results: the sample comprised of 75 nursing students (64.7%) and the rest were students of midwifery. Also, 19.8% (n=23) were male and the rest female, with the mean age of 22.19±0.98. Instructors, mean age was 38.53±7.61, and 53.8% (n=7) were male. The most important causes of demotivation for instructors were fatigue due to high education load (36.2% students and 84.6% instructors). The most important problems against teaching skills were facilities and circumstances, less or no cooperation by the staff, students overload in wards and the noneducational status of the hospitals.Conclusion: turning hospitals into educational, oriention of deputies of education and treatment in the university to provide facilies, reducing the number of students in rounds can be considered as solutions.

Background & Purpose: Preeclampsia is a significant threat to public health and the leading cause of maternal and fetal death and disability worldwide. Its incidence is between 5 to 12 percent in Iran, which has many causes. Husband’s occupation is one of these factors that has not been considered till now. This study was performed to determine the effect of husband’s occupation on preeclampsia in pregnant women in Tehran.Materials & Methods: This is a retrospective study with a total case of 195 pregnant women (65 women with preeclampsia and 130 controls) admitted to selected hospitals in Tehran, 2011. Among the hospitals with higher number of deliveriesin the north, south, east, west and central of Tehran, 4 reference hospitals wereselected based onobjectiveand non-randomized methodand given referrals for prenatal care and delivery; every hospital was given a quota. Data collecting tools were questionnaire and checklist that were filled by interview with qualified women and their cases. Women were divided into worker, employee, unemployed and self employed groups. Confounding factors were controlledthrough randomizing. We used independent t test for quantitative variables and chi-square test for relationships between categorical variables. Odds ratio was used to show the statistics relationship between some variables and preeclampsia.All data analysiswas performed bySPSSversion 18.Results: The results of this study showed that there is a statistically significant association between husband’s occupationand preeclampsia (P=0.01). In preeclamptic group, the worker husbands and in healthy group the self employed husbands were the most.Conclusion: It seems that husband’s occupation is related to preeclampsia and the incidence of preeclampsia in worker’s family is more than families that are employee and selfemployed.

Background: Antibiotics are important pollutants of water resources, and because of hard biodegradability, they can be filtered through adsorption method. Activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents. The aim of this study was to investigate the amoxicillin removal rate of a standard granular activated carbon.Materials and methods: The adsorption experiments were conducted in the stirred (100 rpm) glass reactor. In each test, 50 ml of aqueous solution contaminated by amoxicillin was transferred into the reactor, and the influence of adsorbent dose, adsorbent type, amoxicillin concentration, reaction time, solution pH and temperature was tested on the amoxicillin adsorption. At the end of each of adsorption tests, the suspension was filtered using a cellulose acetate filter with 0.45mm pore size and the filtrate was analyzed for residual amoxicillin using HPLC.Results: The obtained data showed that the best conditions for removal of amoxicillin from contaminated water using granular activated carbon were as follow: pH: 6, adsorbent concentration: 1.6 g/l, reaction time: 60 min, temperature: 25oc. In these conditions up to 86% of amoxicillin (concentration: 50 mg/l) could be adsorb by a granular 16-20 activated carbon.Conclusion: Adsorption onto activated carbon is an efficient method for the removal of non-degradable water pollutants such as antibiotics and toxins.

Background and Purpose: It showed that antidepressants may reduce the abuse potential of opioid. In other hand, studies showed avena sativa has antidepressant and sedative properties. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa on morphine withdrawal signs in male mice.Material and Methods: In this experimental studyforty male NMRI mice (20-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: control groups received morphine and normal saline (10ml/kg) and other groups received ethanol (3%) and different doses of ethanolic extractof Avena sativa (50,100 and 200mg/kg).Morphine dependency was induced using a four- day schedule method with 50, 50, 75 and 50mg/kg dosing respectively. In fourth day 2 hours after single dose of morphine, naloxone was injected (5 mg /kg) and withdrawal signs were recorded with number of jumping and diarrhea, grooming, wet dog shake, teeth chattering, writing, climbing as scores of 0 to 3 during 30min.The data were expressed with one-way ANOVA for quantities and Mann-Whitney U test for qualities data’s and they were analyzed with SPSS 15 and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: The present study findings showed that all doses of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa compared to control group, significantly and dose- dependently decrease the number of jumping in morphine dependent mice (56.12±6.46, 40.0±5.33 and 31.5±2.5 respectively) P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively).Grooming and teeth chattering also decreased with all doses of extract (P<0.05).Wet dog shakes, climbing and rearing significantly decreased only by high doses (200mg/kg) of extract. Diarrhea also decreased with 100 and 200 mg/kg of extract (P<0.05).Conclusion: Findings of present study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of avena sativa attenuate morphine withdrawal signs. But, Further studies need to be carried out to better understanding of their mechanism.

Background: The world's elderly population is increasing and fall is an outcome of ageing. Visual disturbance is one of the internal risk factors of falling. The aim of this study was to compare of the visual perception as a subgroup of visual disturbance in the City of Sabzevar, Iran.Materials and Methods: In the present case-control study, based on convenience sampling method, 89 older adults (46 faller and 43 non-faller) were enrolled. All participants were assessed as follow: dementia (Hachinski ischemia score), fall (fear of fall questionnaire) and visual perception (Developmental test of visual perception adolescence and Adult). Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 17.0 using Mann-Whitney U test.Results: A significant difference was observed between general visual perception (p<0.001), Motor-Reduced visual perception (p<0.001) and Visual-Motor integration (p<0.001) skills of faller and non-faller older adults.Conclusion: Because the faller older adults had less visual perception ability than non-faller counterparts, it might be assumed that visual perception disorder is one of the causes of fall.

Introduction: Morphine has been known as a drug with different paradoxical effects, analgesic and hyperalgesic. On the other hand, repeated morphine administration, induces morphine tolerance in mammals. The aim of recent study is investigating tolerance to morphine in Drosophila melanogaster and the effect of Oseltamivir (an inhibitor of G2 receptors) on hyperalgesia induced by low concentrations of morphine and morphine tolerance.Materials and methods: In this study, stage 3 of larvae and adult state of wild Drosophila melanogaster were used. For evaluating the effect of Oseltamivir on hyperalgesic effect of low concentration Morphine, Oseltamivir (0.2 mg/l) and low concentrations of morphine were added to media culture. Then behavior of larvae and adults to thermal (using Hot plate, 47oC) and chemical (capsaicin and acetic acid) pain stimulations were recorded. For morphine tolerance experiments in larvae, repeated morphine administration (0.1 and 0.01 mg/l) was done and their response to thermal pain was evaluated. The same method was used in adults but with other doses of morphine (200 and 300 mg/l). Finally to investigate the mechanism of morphine tolerance, Oseltamivir was administered too.Results: morphine tolerance was occurred in Drosophila melanogaster similar to mammals. Repeated morphine administration diminished anti nociceptive effects of morphine (p<0.001). Oseltamivir reduced morphine tolerance and hyperalgesic effects of low concentration morphine in both pain models (thermal and chemical nociception), (p<0.01).Conclusion: opioid systems can involve pain modulation (hyperalgesia and analgesia) in Drosophila like vertebrates. Our results showed inhibition of excitatory G-protein (Gs) by Oseltamivir, inhibit morphine induced hyperalgesia and this is another confirmation for involvement of excitatory G-proteins in morphine induced tolerance.

Background and Purpose: Inequality in health is a challenging issue in developed and developing countries. In modern health care system, the justiceand attainment to it in all aspects of health is a principal affair. The inequality in health care and food expenditure is one of the influential factors on household’s health status. This article examined the distribution of rural and urban health and food expenditure by using Gini coefficient from1998 to 2009.Methods and Material: All data has been collected from Iranian Households Income- Expenditure Report which published by Iranian Statistics Center annually, then were analyzed by DASP package 2 in STATA10 environment.Results: The Gini coefficient calculated 0.13 and 0.28 for rural food expenditure and 0.13 and 0.22 for rural health expenditure in 1998 and 2009 respectively. Also these calculations were 0.11 and 0.21 for urban food expenditure and 0.18 And 0.14 for urban health expenditure in 1998 and 2009 respectively. All calculations were based on constant price.Conclusion: The distribution of health and food expenditure wasfavorable relatively for both rural and urban households.

Background: The Length of Hospital Stay is an important issue for the hospital managers, patients and their families. Regarding to the importance of this issue and few similar researches, thisstudy aimed to model the Length of Hospital Stay for myocardial infarction (MI) patients admitted in Vasei hospital of Sabzevar, and to investigate its effective factors.Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed to model the Length of Hospital Stay for myocardial infarction (MI) patients admitted in Vasei hospital of Sabzevar, in 2012. By using census method, 201 patients were entered to this study and the value of the length of hospitalization as the response variable, and the value of gender, age and residence location of the patients as the independent variables are considered. The data were analyzed using an advanced and new model, zero-truncated generalized poisson regression model, and SAS9.2 software.Results: The results showed that the average Length of Hospital Stay of MI patients was 4.876 days in Vasei hospital. Also, it was found that one year increase in age was related to one day increase in hospitalization of the MI patients. Moreover, the regression models predicted that the average Length of Hospital Stay for female patients was less than male patients, and the average Length of Hospital Stay for the urban residence patients was less than those of rural residence.Conclusions: In this study, a suitable statistical method for analyzing and modeling of the Length of Hospital Stay was obtained. Because of differences in Length of Hospital Stay in different units of hospitals, use of these advanced statistical models is proposed for another hospitals and cities.

Background and Purpose: Cost-benefit equations is one of the most important by of GNP and a training a Sustainable development as designated by professionals of occupational health. Therefore‚ drivers as a forgotten index in sustainable development and its effect on community health.Methods & Material: This descriptive analytical study involved the statistical community of 55000 vehicles in Sabzenar‚ Iran‚ from which 380 cases were splected by systematic sampling during six months from 17:00 to 20:00‚winter and spring 2011 with a traffic load peak‚ where right-trun violations were recorded at two major crossroads The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 10.5 using normal Kolmogroff-smironoff and chi-square.Results: significant relationship was observed between. occupation type and attitude (P=0.013)‚ occupational history and attitude (P=0.03)‚ as well as residential area and attitude (P=0.011)‚ however‚ no significant relationship was found between age and attitude (P=0.0149)‚ education and attitude (P=0.0118) ‚ at a confidence interval of 95%. Total wasted time per year at a crossroad with three outlets was 1/123/260 hours per year. Given a 4-cross road typical city in Iran with 340 cities‚ an estimated 1/527/633/600 hours per year will be wasted. As far as the cost is concerned‚ the total amount of gas wasted (7000 Rials/litre)will amount to 1/226/534/400 Rials per year in one single cross road in Sabzevar‚ Iran .The same equation applies here to produce a cost estimation of 167/280/000/000 Rials/year nationwide.Conclusion: Immediate action for geometric correction of crossroads is required for preventing wastage of national resources and imposing economic costs on community members and the wasted time due to abnormal traffic behavior‚ increased GNP and moving toward Sustainable development will follow as a Consequence.

Background: Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a retrovirus, is the causative agent of adult T-lymphocytic leukemia (ATL) and tropical spastic paraparesia (TSP). HTLV-1 is transmitted mainly through blood transfusion. Sabzevar is an endemic region for HTLV infection; hence it is essential to detect the prevalence of HTLV1/2 infection in the blood donors of this city.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples of all donors referring to Sabzevar Blood Transfusion Center from 2007 to 2008 were screened for HTLV infectionusing ELISA, and positive samples were confirmed by western blotting. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 17.0 using Chi squared and Student's t-test.Results: The results showed that 56 of donors (44 male: 78.6% and 12 female: 21.4%) were infected to HTLV, with average age 40.27±10.02. The prevalence of HTLV infection among all donors was 0.26%. There was a significant correlation between age, marital status, times of blood donation and educational levels and HTLV infection.Conclusions: Regarding lower rate of infection among younger and regular blood donors and donors with higher educational levels, it should be considered to select donors from this population.

Background: AIDS is one of the most challenging diseases in recent years that can influence quality of life and even survival rate of AIDS patients due to the wrong thoughts and social stigma that exists among society in relation to these patients. This study aimed to describe the social stigma experienced by AIDS patients.Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, the phenomenological procedure was utilized. The population under study was 13 AIDS patients who were selected on a purpose based sampling approach, and selection continued until saturation of the data occurred. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi procedure. The validity and reliability of study was based on its real value, practicality, continuity and reality.Results: After analysis of interview transcripts, the most extracted sub-concepts were as follows: inappropriate labels, rejection, worthlessness and lack of support which all named under the main concept of stigma.Conclusions: This study showed that AIDS patients experience a wide range of problems after the other people find out about their disease and also due to the social stigma about them. In the process of caring of AIDS patients, it should be taken into consideration not only the physical needs, but also the spiritual mental and social needs of these patients. Being familiar with the stigma experienced by AIDS patients helps the nursing team to present necessary cares and instructions, and promote the quality of life and survival rate of AIDS patients. Raising society’s awareness and changing of the attitudes regarding AIDS patient should be taken into account as essential and undeniable issues.

Background: Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has been recently suggested as an antiepileptic method in treating the drugresistant epileptic syndromes such as temporal lobe epilepsy. So far, in the most clinical and experimental studies, LFS has been applied to the seizure focus itself. Considering the role of dentate gyrus in spreading of the limbic seizures, in the present study the effect of LFS of dentate gyrus on amygdala kindling-induced seizures was investigated.Materials and methods: To kindle the animals, using stereotaxic instrument, a tripolar electrode was inserted into right basolateral area of amygdala and a bipolar electrode was ipsilaterally placed in dentate gyrus of male Wistar rats. After a 10 days recovery period, animals divided into two groups. The animals of kindled group were received daily electrical stimulations. In kindled+LFS group, LFS was delivered to dentate gyrus 1 min after cessation of amygdala kindling stimulation. The maximum seizure stage and duration of afterdischarges were evaluated after kindling stimulation. The effect of LFS on behavioral seizure stages and afterdischarges was compared using Kruskall Wallis and repeated measures 2-way AVOVA. A P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant level.Results: The required time to achieve a stage 5 seizure was 12 days in kindled group animals. However, animals of kindled+LFS group did not show more than stage 2 seizure following 12 days of stimulation. LFS of dentate gyrus significantly prevented the increment of behavioral seizure stages and afterdischarge duration in kindled-LFS group compared with kindled group.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that application of LFS in the dentate gyrus can be an effective therapeutic method for controlling the amygdala kindling-induced seizures. Furthermore, this study provide further evidences showing LFS of brain areas involved in spreading the seizures, other than seizure focus can have anticonvulsant affect.

Background: Hospitals are hazardous environments for the emergence and transmission of tuberculosis. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and chest X-ray findings in health care workers (HCWs) with and without LTBI.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Rasool Akram hospital, Tehran, Iran. One hundred HCWs were tuberculin skin tested to measure LTBI and were asked for Chest X-ray to detect any lesions compatible with active or latent tuberculosis in two groups with and without LTBI. Chest x-ray findings were reported as: calcified nodule, fibrotic lesions, hilar adenopathy, tuberculoma, pleural effusion, and miliary. Statistical significances were analyzed by Chi-squared test. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 software.Results: A total of 100 HCWs were included in our study. Tuberculin skin test (TST) was positive in 49 (49%) cases. There was no significant difference between sex and positive tuberculin skin test. Abnormal findings in chest radiography were reported in 9 (9%) cases. There was no significant difference between LTBI and gender (P=0.8). There was no significant difference between chest x-ray findings and LTBI (P=0.5).Conclusion: Although nearly half of participants had positive tuberculin skin test, chest abnormality was reported only in nine percent. Specific tests and imaging such as QuantiFERON and chest CT scan seems to be more effective for latent tuberculosis diagnosis than TST among HCWs.

Background: During the last decades efforts related to waste water treatment, has improved significantly in Different places of our country with various climate conditions.To reach this aim using systems are considered that have appropriate applications technically and economically. One of the low cost and native options is using Land-plant system for advanced waste water treatment. The aim of this study was determination of efficiency of local soil of Ahvaz and vetiver plant to the final reduce the organic load from Municipal wastewater treatment.Materials and Methods: In order to, a pilot including three Lysimeter swere installed in Ahvaz West wastewater treatment plant. ThreeLysimeter were utilized that local soil was used in one of them, local soil with vetiver plant were used in the other one and soil artificial arrangement (local soil, silica sand (0.5-1mm), sand (15-30mm) was used in third Lysimeter. The effluent was transferred from Secondary settling outlet by pump for system that slow current in three filtration rate of 0.2, 0.6, 1 ml/min and three replication in each rate was used.Results: The average removal efficiency of BOD5 and COD output from three Lysimeter local soil with vetiver plant, local soil without vetiver plant and soil artificial arrangement for filtration rate of 0.2 ml/min were; 73.27%, 68.39%, 58.91%, 50.34%, 37.62% and 35.9%.For filtration rate of 0.6 ml/min were;49.47%,41.97%, 43.16, 28.31%, 33/68% and 25/55%.For filtration rate of 0.6ml/min; 26.44%, 31.44%, 19.95, 17.81%, 12.06% and 14.79%, respectively.Conclusion: The results from this study showed that the best removing percent was assigned to local soil with vetiver plant lysimeter in 0.2 ml/min current. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that a land- plant system as advanced treatment had the ability to meet effluent discharge permit limits and was an economical replacement for stabilization ponds and mechanical treatment options.

Background and aims: Development and rapid increase of computer usage in all aspects of industry and society has been caused remarkable increase in musculoskeletal disorders of upper limbs. So, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of upper musculoskeletal limbs disorders, to assess potential risk to them and their relations with demographic characteristics among computer users of a power company’s Computer Users.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional and descriptive-analytic study, all computer users who worked in official units (60 people) of a power company that had entry criteria were chosen in 1390. In this study, Nordic questionnaire and RULA method were used. Data gathering was analyzed by applying SPSS13 software, statistical tests, Chi-Square and Independent Sample T- test.Results: The results of the questionnaire revealed that the most pain was related to back (80.00%), neck (73.30%), arms/ wrists (73.30%), and shoulder (46.70%) respectively, in past year. There was also significant relation between the outbreak of back musculoskeletal disorders with age variations, job experience, and users’ length (p<0.05). The results of RULA revealed that 73.3%, 6.7% and 20% of computer users were exposed to medium, high, and very high risk of exposure to work, respectively.Conclusion: Computer users were determined from the medium risk level to very high risk level. Thus, in accordance with determined priority level of corrective action, ergonomic intervention and changes commensurate with working condition should be carried out. In order to prevent disorders and obtaining more efficiency, ergonomic instructions related to working with computer were trained to staffs and recommendations were presented in this field.

Background & Objective: According to the existing documents a major portion of municipal solid wastes in Iran is being land filled and small portion of this material is recycled, while the municipal waste management in developing countries has moved towards source separation and recycling .This research was conducted by the purpose of estimating Qom municipal solid waste recycling potential and cost benefit’s in a 20-year vision since 2006.Materials & Methods: This Research is a cross-sectional study. Firstly, according to the reports given by waste management organization in Qom city, dry solid waste recycling in 2006 and 2011 was estimated. Then two scenarios consisted of 20 and 60 percents of recycling were estimated to process the solid waste in 2011 and 2028 for enhancing recycling level, and then cost benefit of them was determined.Results: The average of produced solid waste was 718 ton per day in Qom city in 2011. Due to this producing process in 1407 we will have 1145 ton solid waste per day in this city. Daily economic benefit of dry solid waste recycling in 2011 was 15801520 Rials. If the recycling programs promotes, this benefit can be increased to 63211640 and 189664400 Rials for 20 to 60%recycling level.Conclusion: Despite of 21 % potential for dry solid waste recycling in Qom city, nowadays about 5% of this substances are recycling. By upgrading the plan for 10 to 20 years, amount of economic benefit can be increased to 4 to 12 times.

Background: Phonological awareness skills include three levels syllabic, intra- syllabic and phonemic awareness, and have major influence on speech and reading and writing abilities. Thus, the assessment of children abilities in these levels is important. This study aimed to investigate and compare the performance of normal and cochlear implanted children in two types of phonological awareness tests.Method & Materials: The population of this cross-sectional study eighteen normal and eighteen cochlear implanted children 5-5.5 years from the cochlear implant centers in three hospitals in Tehran and the Tehran University dormitory married, respectively. Thereafter, their phonological awareness skills were evaluated in auditory-visual modality (2010) and visual modality (2009). Finally, the data were analyzed using Mann Whithney and Spearman non-parametric tests in the spss (16.0) software.Results: Cochlear implanted children, when compared with normal children, had lower scores in both Visual - Auditory and Auditory phonological awareness tests (p<0.001). Average cochlear implantation group in both “Visual-Auditory” and “Auditory” tests was: 16.17 (6.1) and 6.72 (5.9), respectively and in normal children group was 40.5 (3.9) and 77.76 (13.5). Both groups had better performances in the first test than the later one (p<0.001). There was also a correlation between children's scores on the two tests; but in the cochlear implanted children, this correlation was lower (r=0.582) than the normal ones (r=0.785).Conclusion: The visual–auditory test for use of the images, for assessment of phonological awareness skills in children with cochlear implants are more suitable and hearing test for the assessment of phonological awareness skills in a more sophisticated level, is useful.

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is less invasive treatment for kidney stones. This technique is preferred in patients with a history of open nephrolithotomy surgery due to fewer side effects. In this study, bleeding complication was compared in patients with and without history of open kidney surgery.Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, PCNL was performed in 73 patients (17 patients with a history of open nephrolithotomy surgery (group 1) and 56 patients without any history of surgery (group 2)) referring to Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, between 2010-2011. Serum hematocrit (Hct) before and after surgery, irrigation fluid volume used in operation room, and Hct of irrigation fluid were considered as a measure of bleeding. Obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software, version 15, using independent-sample T-test, Man-Whitney U test and Pearson test. A P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The irrigation fluid used in group 1 was 14.8 liters, while this was 7.9 liters in another group (p<0.001). Decrease in hematocrit level was 10 in group 1 and 4.05 in group 2. This difference was statistically quite significant (P<0.001). Mean blood loss volume was 405.7cc and 103.2cc in group 1 and 2, respectively (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the PCNL bleeding complications is seen more in patients with a history of open kidney surgery. Irrigation fluid hematocrit may be considered as a reliable index for the bleeding measurement of patient, independent of serum intake and hydration.

Background: Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that is hypothesized to be involved in insulin resistance and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different single-session aquatic exercises on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods: In an experimental study with crossover design, eight postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (mean age 56.6±4.9 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: control (Con), low duration (LD) exercise (45-50 min), and moderate duration (MD) exercise (65-70 min). Blood samples were taken immediately and 24 hours after exercise. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance, in SPSS software version 16 (P<0.05).Results: There were no significant differences in adiponectin level between groups immediately and 24 hours after exercise (P=0.70, P=0.97 respectively). Increase in insulin level after exercise was lower in LD and MD groups compared to Con. group (P=0.013). Insulin level was lower in LD group than MD group, 24 hour after exercise (P<0.042). Immediately after exercise, more significant increase in glucose was observed in LD group than MD group (P<0.02). There were no significant difference between groups in glucose concentration, 24 after exercise (P=0.88). HOMA-IR significantly reduced in LD and MD groups immediately after exercise (P<0.01). However, There were no significant differences between groups, 24 after exercise (P=0.06).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that acute aquatic exercise reduces insulin resistance without any changes in adiponectin levels.