Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2014 | Volume:21 | Issue:3|Papers Count:27

Background and Objective: Regarding to the “person–environment fit”, although, having a personality which matches the values of the overarching culture should increase subjective wellbeing, a mismatch will decrease it. This study compared the mental status in individualistic and collectivistic students in Iranian culture.Materials and Methods: Used method in this study was descriptive and comparative. Among all undergraduate students at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 91 - 92 school year, the number of 150 students were selected based on quota sampling and according to school and were evaluated with using Auckland Individualism and Collectivism Scale (AICS) and SCL_ 90 Questionnaire.Findings: Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the two groups in terms of their overall performance in SCL_ 90 Questionnaire have significant difference. Also, results of Tests of Between-Subjects Effects showed that between two groups, there is a significant difference in Interpersonal sensitivity, Hostility and Paranoid ideation; such that individualistic students had higher scores on the three subscales.Conclusion: The results in this study confirmed the “person–environment fit”. The Iranian culture that is recognized as one of collectivist cultures, Individualist student shad more psychological problems; Whereas, collectivist Student shad a better mental state.

Background: With respect to antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of Daucus carota seeds extract in improvement diabetes mellitus, in this study, effects of this extract on renal function indicators and liver function enzymes were investigated in diabetic male rats.Materials and Methods: Diabete type 1 was induced in male wistar rats weighting 200-250g by injection of 70 mg/kg, i.p of streptozotocin. Before this and 5 days postinjection fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of serum levels of glucose and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and kidney indicators (urea, creatinine, uric acid). Diabetes was confirmed in rats having FBS above 250 mg/dL. Diabetic animals were devided to 10 groups received 100, 200, 300 mg/kg extract, 0.5 mL distilled water and 600mg/kg glibenclamide daily for 3 and 14 days individually by gavage. After 3 and, 14 days rats sacrified and fasting blood samples were collected and above serum parameters were measured with commertial kits by spectrophotometery Results: Administration of different doses of D. Carota seeds extract for 3 and 14 days did not increase serum levels of renal indicators or liver enzymes. Also administration of extract (300 mg/kg) for 3 days significantly decreased urea and for 14 days decreased creatinine serum level. Also administration of extract at doses 100, 300 mg/kg for 3 days decreased AST and at 200 mg/kg for 14 days decreased ALT serum levels.Conclusion: Using Daucus carota seeds extract for 3 or 14 days in remedy diabetes mellitus complications had no hepatotoxicity or renal damage.

Background: Pain after appendectomy is the most common complaint of appendectomy patients. The most common treatment of this pain is the use of narcotic analgesics. Because of the narcotic side effects, the researchers have evaluated appropriate alternative medications to alleviate postoperative pain of appendectomy patients. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac and morphine in appendectomy patients.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients undergoing appendectomy. The study population was appendectomy patients aged 49-15 years, who had hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti hospital of Sabzevar city, in 2012. To perform the study, two groups of 30 subjects were triple-blind randomized. The first group received narcotic analgesics, and the second group received diclofenac. Based on the numeric pain standard scale, patient’s pain was assessed within the first hour after the drugs uptake. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 using the Pearson correlation coefficient and chi square test; and P<0.05 was statistically considered significant.Results: There was no significant difference in pain relief between the two groups after one hour of dicloenac and morphine uptake, (p=0.098); but after half an hour, the difference was significant (p=0.001), so that pain, after injection of diclofenac was less than after injection of morphine (5.04 ±2.26 vs.6.47 ± 1.30, respectively).Conclusions: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most effective pain relief after appendectomy. So the basic plan to change this situation, and replace them with opioids is recommended.

Background: Understanding the epidemiology and main leading factors of endocarditis, accelerate the process of diagnosis and treatment, and reduce mortality from this disease. This study was performed due to uncertain epidemiological situation of endocarditis in different parts of Iran, especially city of Qom.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, epidemiological status of hospitalized patients with endocarditis in Qom city hospitals between 2004-2013 was reviewed. In this study, 74 patients who had duke criteria for infective endocarditis, were studied. Demographic data and the disease information were recorded on a Check list. Data collection method was the patients' hospital records. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Results: In this study, 74 patients, including 49 males and 25 females were studied. The patients' mean age ± SD was 28 ±15.78. According to information obtained, age range 20-23 years with 29 patients (39/1%), was the most affected. The most common cause of hospital admission was fever with 80% (59 patients). Tricuspid valve involvement was 67.5% (29 patients).The most common underlying disease was heart diseases by as much as 44.5% (33 patients).42.4 % (14 patients) had a history of mitral valve replacement. Among those who had positive cultures, 85.7% (12 patients) Staphylococcus aureus, and 14.2% (2 paients) Klebsiella were reported. Mortality rate was 7.5%.Conclusion: Fever, if accompanied with a heart murmur, or a history of mitral valve replacement in young men who have had a history of intravenous drug abuse, strongly suspected endocarditis.

Background: It is obvious that authors cite documents that are relevant to their topic, which provide useful background for their research. The purpose of this study is to investigate citation behavior among faculty members of Yazd University of Medical Sciences about papers published in Persian by the university.Methods: The descriptive study was carried out on 410 articles published with the name of at least one faculty member that indexed in four Yazd Medical University journals in Persian. The data contained in the first and references pages were collected by a valid checklist and were analyzed by Excel 2007.Results: Most authors were male (80.76%).410 articles were examined in this study, had 8781 citations and only (1.2%) were self-citations. The percentage of citations made referred to journal articles and books were 82.1%, 9.5% respectively.8.4% others made to other documents. Only 15.68% of the articles were in Persian.65 authors had 107 cited themselves. The maximum percentage (83.12 %) of self-citations was author selfcitations, followed by 16.8% journal self-citations.Conclusion: It is clear that citation to Latin journals is significant among faculty members of Yazd University of Medical Sciences and reveals that the authors of the university do not have the tendency to cite themselves.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of creatine supplementation in combination with vibration exercise on physical fitness and neuromuscular performance of elderly women.Materials and Methods: The study population included women aged over 60 years. For this purpose, 22 healthy elderly females were selected and randomly divided into three groups: vibration exercise with creatine supplementation (n=8), vibration exercise with placebo (n=7), and control (n=7) groups. Vibration exercise with creatine supplementation group, performed exercises which included six posture exercises, based on the principle of overload, for 10 days, with a frequency of 30-35 Hz and amplitude of 5 mm; and at the same time, received 20 grams creatine, for the first 5-day, and 5 grams creatine, for the later 5-day, daily. Vibration exercise with placebo group, instead of creatine, received dextrose. Evaluation factors were the static strength of hands and feet (dynamometer), the dynamic power of leg (knee open device), the static balance (standing on one leg), and dynamic balance (lifted and walking), the lower body performance (30 meters walk, tandem gate and get up and sit on a chair), and flexibility (sit and delivery). ANOVA and analysis of covariance statistical tests were used to examine the main effects; and post hoc Tukey and Sidak tests, were used to compare pairs of groups (P≤0.05).Results: The results of ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in the static power (P=0.89), lower body function in tandem gate test (P=0.25), and flexibility (P=0.59); but the static power and performance of leg in 30-meter walk test, was better in vibration exercise with creatine supplementation group than the control group (P<0.016 and 0.02, respectively). In addition, the results of covariance test showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in the static balance variables (P=0.11) and the getting up and sitting on performances (P=0.68); but both groups of vibration exercise with creatine supplementation, and vibration exercise and placebo, had better performance in the dynamic balance (P=0.001and P=0.009, respectively), and the dynamic power of leg (P=0.001and P=0.001, respectively), than the control group.Conclusion: Regarding to the results of the present study, it seems that vibration exercise with creatine supplementation in the short term, can lead to a significant improvement in the static and dynamic power of feet, dynamic balance and 30-meter walk performance in elderly women. Furthermore, it appears that creatine supplementation along with whole-body vibration exercise may have further impact on the static power of leg, and 30-meter walk performance.

Background: The first and most important step in planning for any system is need assessment and with identifying the most important needs, is a basis for setting goals and appropriate context for organizing other elements. This study aimed to evaluate of restorative treatment need in dental services and was done based on community needs.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-cross sectional study and data gathering was done by an objective form that confirmed its validity. Restorative dental services of 1027 visited patients with non-randomized judgment sampling consecutive during three months at summer in 2012 in Isfahan Farhangian dental clinic was noted on forms and entered into statistical software SPSS (version 17) and results reported. Chi-square test was used for data analyzing. Significant level P<0.05 was considered.Results: Most of the patients were female (65%). Restoration of posterior teeth, including 78.5% of total services and most patients’ needs for restorative services based on numberof teeth were amalgam (67.4%) and least was glass ionomer (0.5%).Amalgam and composite build up restorations had high proportion in restorative services (42%).Conclusion: Totally women referring to dentist is more than men and more patients have more than one restorative dentistry need.High prevalence of need to build up restoration means that many caries in the population are at high level, it seems that low level of oral hygiene and neglect and lack of access to have visit, are its reasons.

Background: Disintegration and dewatering of produced sludge during wastewater treatment is one of the main challenges in wastewater treatment process. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of ultrasonic method on dewatering of bio sludge in wastewater treatment plant under different conditions and select the best conditions.Materials and Methods: In the present study, sludge disintegration and sludge dewatering after undergoing different conditions of frequency (35 and 130 KHz) and detention time (3, 5, 10 and 30 min) were investigated and finally the changes of SCOD, CST and SRF were determined.Results: The results illustrated that the maximum ability of dewatering was obtained at a detention time of 5 min and frequency of 35 KHz for ultrasonic. Under this conditions SCOD%, CST and SRF were achieved to 4.3%, 151 S and 2.1×1013 m/kg respectively.Conclusion: According to the results, ultrasonic method significantly increases the sludge disintegration and improves the sludge dewatering.

Background and objective: Using Coping Styles with Stress in coronary heart disease patients can lead to significant changes in levels of CRP. But up to now researchers have not explored it empirically. So, The main objective of this study was to recognize the relationship between Coping Ways with Stress and Biomarker CRP and also discovering Coping Styles which predict changes in the concentration of CRP.Materials and methods: This descriptive-correlational study was carried out in 2001. The statistical sample is CHD patients who referred to Tehran Shahid Rajaie Heart Hospital, 44 patients with CHD selected through judgmental sampling method. These patients suffer from coronary artery disease which was approved by angiography. Coping Ways questionnaire- Lazarus and kit of CRP (produced by Pars Azmoon Co) were used. Indicators and descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with stepwise method with significant level 0/01 were used for statistical analysis of research data. The computer software used in this study for data processing was SPSS/17.Results: The results showed there are Positive and significant correlation between Emotional Focused Coping Styles with Stress (Inefficient) and CRP and negative and significant correlation between Problem Focused Coping Styles with Stress (Efficient) and CRP. The impact factor of positive re-evaluation coping way according to the T test indicate that among 8ways of coping ways only this kind of variable with 99% confidence can be predicted the changes related to CRP.Conclusion: This study showed that the increase of Application in Emotional Focused Coping Styles (Inefficient) lead to increase in levels of CRP and increase in using Problem Focused Coping Styles (Efficient) lead to decrease in levels of CRP.

Background: The most dangerous period of life of pregnant women during this period maternal nutrition affects the embryo & maternal nutrition. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of nutrition educationwith group discussion method on the scope and application of multimedia learning packages pregnant women.Materials and Methods: This semi-experimentalis before and after control study on 150 pregnant women in the control group before the year 2013 a quota method selected at random from among the health centers of Mashhad was performed. Before the intervention, the subjects took the pre -test questionnaire andCronbach's alpha coefficient.Finally, a month after the intervention, post-test questionnaires were completed After data is collected using the software spss20 and p<0.05 was analyzed.Results: Before the intervention, statistically significant differences were observed between the three groups. Emotional scores after the intervention was statistically no significant difference between the three groups.Conclusions: Both methods use multi -media packages and group discussion led to a significant improvement Brnmrat cognitive intervention groups compared to pre- intervention and control groups were compared.

Background: Flowers aromatic compounds are the major inhaled allergens. The aim of this research was the comparison of petals allergenicity of in two ontogenetic stages, middle-aged and older of Cytisus scoparius; and Identifying dependence of allergenicity with developmental stages of extremely aromatic petals.Materials & Methods: In order to evaluate the petals allergenicity, 18 Hartley guinea pigs were randomly selected and divided into three equal groups.16% petals buffered extracts were prepared and then subcutaneous injection of extracts and also macroscopic examinations was performed. In order to confirm the petals allergenicity, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels was measured using ELISA method, and the number of eosinophils and finally blood glucose in guinea pig blood samples was evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS16 software using independent t-test.Results: In guinea pigs treated with middle-aged petal extract, IgE, eosinophil count and also blood glucose significantly increased in comparison to control group, whereas in guinea pigs treated with older petal extract, there was no significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Only, the diameter of wheals in skin test significantly increased in both treatment groups compared to control group (p<0.001). In the electrophoretic profiles, in the area of allergen band, about 4 more specific protein bands ranged 27-85 kDa in the middle-aged petals; and 3 bands ranged 46-85 kDa in older petals was observed.Conclusion: This study showed that the potency of immune system stimulation of middle-aged petals is more than older petals.

Background: After happening anger events, we experience repetitive thoughts that can be influenced in mind for long times and these repetitive thoughts have negative psychological consequences. The aim of present study was to investigate of the psychometric characteristics of Anger Rumination Scale amongst a sample of Shahid Chamran University students.Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, the sample has been carried out on 273 students of Shahid Chamran University which were selected through stratified multi-stage random sampling. The reliability coefficients were calculated by three different methods: Cronbach Alpha, Spearman– Brown and Guttmanspiliting and to determine the validity of the scale, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Concurrent Validity were used. For analysis the data Spss version 19 and Amos version 20soft ware were used and significant level was 0.05.Results: The findings of this study indicate that the scale has desired reliability and validity. (RMSEA=0.63, reliability by Cronbach Alpha=0.90, Spearman– Brown spiliting Alpha=0.85 and Guttmanspiliting Alpha=0.84 were calculated). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the four factor model of Anger Rumination Scale fits among the students sample.Conclusion: The results of the present study have provided an acceptable reliability and validity evidence for the Anger Rumination Scale in Shahid Chamran University students which can be applied in future researches.

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been found to be expressed in ovaries in addition to hypothalamus to modulate cell differentiation and induces atretic follicles. Since the death of granulosa cells during the process of follicular atresia occurs by apoptosis phenomenon, in this study, we investigated the occurrence of apoptosis of granulosa cells of rat ovarian follicles under the influence of Buserelin acetate, a GnRH agonist.Materials and Methods: In this experimental case-control study, twelve 25-day-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The study and control groups received 0.2 mg/kg/d Buserelin acetate and normal saline, respectively, for 4 days.24 hours after the last injection, the rats were anesthetized with a lethal dose of chloroform and ovaries were removed. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin. After the passage, five-micron sections were prepared using a rotary microtome. Measurement of apoptosis was performed using a calibrated light microscope after TUNEL POD staining. Data were analyzed in GraphPad In Stat software using independent t-test. P ≤ 0/05 was statistically considered significant.Results: These data showed the average percentage of apoptotic cells in the control group 2/14 ± 0/52, and in the experimental group 3.75 ± 1.71. This difference was statistically significant (p≤0.0001).Conclusion: These findings suggest that Buserelin acetate increases apoptosis in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles.

Backgrounds: Low values of neonates’ anthropometric indices are considered as an important factor in increased neonatal mortality. This research tried to examine the relationship between early pregnancy blood lead levels of pregnant women and their neonates’ anthropometric indices at birth.Materials and Methods: This longitudinal prospective study was carried out on 1033 pregnant women referred to prenatal clinics in Tehran. Upon entry into the study, a blood sample was taken to determine lead levels, and a demographic questionnaire was filled out for all participants and they were followed up with routine prenatal care till delivery. Anthropometric indices were extracted from the neonatal cards. In statistical analysis, pvalues< 0.05 were considered significant.Results: The mean blood lead levels in mothers were 4.7±4.9 mg/dl. Considering the results obtained by Spearman’s correlation, there was a significant negative relationship between blood lead levels of mothers and 5-minute Apgar scores (p=0.002, r=0.09). However, no significant relationship between blood lead levels and other indices was found. To evaluate the true effects of maternal blood lead levels and potentially effective factors on anthropometric indices, in linear regression analysis, only gestational age at delivery had a significant relationship with all anthropometric indices and 5-minute Apgar score of neonates (p<0.01).Conclusion: The results showed that early pregnancy maternal blood lead levels were not related to anthropometric indices at birth, and the only important factor for improvement of neonates’ anthropometric indices, was higher gestational age at the time of delivery.

Background & objective: The concept of Psychological Well-Being symbolizes a multi-dimensional structure consisting of life attitudes and was designed to review whether a person is aware from his potential, his goals, the quality of his relationships with others, and what he feels about his life or not. The aim of this study was to investigate the some variables such as psychological capital, social capital, psychological hardiness and spiritual intelligence as predictor factors for psychological wellbeing.Materials and methods: This descriptive–correlation study carried on all students of Kharazmi, Islamic-Azad and Payam_e_Noor universities of Karaj in the 2012-13 school-year and the sample consisted of 377 persons that were selected by multi stage cluster sampling. For data gathering, questionnaires such as Ryff’s Psychological Well-being (PWBS), Lutanz’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Delaviz Social Capital Scale, Kobassa Personal Views Survey Questionnaire (PVSQ) and King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self‐Report Inventory (SISRI-24) were used. Data analysis were performed via Pearson correlation and enter multiple regression methods with SPSS18 software in 0/05 P-Value.Results: Results of regression showed that variables of psychological capital, social capital, psychological hardiness and spiritual intelligence predict 59.1% of variance of the psychological well-being and positively and significantly (r=0.76, P<0.05) correlated with psychological well-being.Conclusion: The variables of psychological capital, social capital, psychological hardiness and spiritual intelligence can predict students’ psychological well-being and psycho therapists can manipulate these factors to enhance the students’ psychological well-being.

Diabetes is considered as one of the most important health issues in 3rd millenary that the number of the patients is increasing. Self-care has been known as one of the most effective method for The prevention and control of diabetes complications. This research was performed to assess the selfcaring grades in diabetic patients who come to Qom diabetes community in 1391.Materials and Methods: this cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study was conducted on 251 diabetic patients referring to the Qom diabetes community and was selected randomly.Demographic and information record checklist and also standard SDSCA questionnaire were used to collect data. Obtained information was analyzed through SPSS software 18 and p value lower than 0.05 was considered as significant level.Results: Results showed a proportion of 32.99% have never performed any self-caring activity and only 7.97% of them followed these every day. The mean values of FBS and HbA1c were 157.74 mg/dl and 7.74 mg/dl, respectively and also selfcaring score was 46.53. There was observed a significant reverse association between FBS and HbA1c values.Conclusion: Self-caring is substantially unacceptable in diabetic patients who are under covered of Qom diabetes community and they don’t perform some self-caring actions like diary regime, appropriate exercise, control of blood glucose, foot caring and also taking medicine or insulin injection completely and regular.For this reason, these patients had inappropriate values of FBS and HbA1c.

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine disorders. In this disease due to increased blood glucose levels, protein glycation increases. Protein glycation in diabetes leads to irreparable consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergic effect of Bee venom and aspirin on human hemoglobin glycation in the presence of glucose.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, hemoglobin (10 mg/ml) was incubated in the presence and absence of glucose (40 mM), aspirin (2.5 mM) and Bee venom (in different concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml) for 5 weeks. Amount of hemoglobin glycation was evaluated via investigation of changes in soret band, amount of hemoglobin heme degradation and alteration in secondary structure of protein using UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorometry and Circular Dichroism Spectropolarimetry methods. The data were analyzed using In Stat 3 software and statistical tests including one way variance analysis and Turkey test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Hemoglobin incubation in the presence of glucose led to reduction of soret band absorption, degradation of heme and increment of beta sheet value in secondary structure of hemoglobin. Simultaneous presence of Bee venom and aspirin reduced the rate of heme degradation (p<0.001) up to 36%, and the beta sheet formation up to 54% (p<0.001). Also, the amount of structural alteration and hemoglobin glycation significantly decreased.Conclusion: Bee venom and aspirin have significant antiglycation properties and simultaneous use of them can decrease protein glycation.

Background: Damage caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on the extent of primary and secondary damages. The latter can cause induced neurological inflammation by releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Measurement of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, can be useful in predicting outcome in patients with TBI.Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 44 patients with GCS≤8 (Glasgow Coma Scale) and age ³ 14 years, hospitalized in Poursina teaching hospital, were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from patients in the first 6 hours after the accident; and serum was tested by ELISA method for the determination of IL-6 levels. Patients' outcomes were recorded 6 months after head injury according to Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and were divided in two good (GOS ≥4) and bad (GOS<3) outcome groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version18 using the Spearman's rho, independent-t test, Fisher Exact test and Mann-Whitney test.Results: Comparison of IL-6 serum levels, in the two groups after 6 months of head injury, showed that mean serum levels of IL-6 in good outcome group was lower than bad outcome group (85.2±51.6 vs.162.3±141.1, respectively) (P<0.03).Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of IL-6 in patients with severe TBI, is associated with poor clinical outcome.

Background and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases are major factor in reducing the amount of sleep and increased nighttime wakefulness. Due to the many complications resulting from medication, non-pharmacological methods that can improve the quality of sleep in patients with chronic heart disease, seems to be reasonable. This study aimed to assess the effect of the Benson relaxation technique on quality of sleep in patients with chronic heart disease.Materials and Methods: The study design is a randomized clinical trial. The study population comprised 60 patients with chronic heart disease referring to Vasei hospital in Sabzevar that randomly divided into control group (n=30) and intervention group (n=30). The intervention Group did Benson relaxation exercises for 20 minutes twice a day over a month. Tools for data collection Consists of demographic form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index that in two times before and after the intervention were completed. Data with Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square, Fisher exact, Wilcoxon tests and Analysis of Covariance and using SPSS statistical software version 11.5 and with significance levelp˂0.05 were analyzed.Results: The mean ± SD quality of sleep in the intervention group before making a gentle Benson relaxation was; 10.33±4.41 that after the intervention was decreased to 7.5±4.01. Analysis of the data in average sleep quality of participants in the intervention group before and after the intervention showed significant differences (P<0.001).Conclusion: Benson relaxation has desired effect on sleep quality of patients with chronic heart diseases, so it can be used as a complementary therapy to improve sleep quality in these patients.

Dyes are used in many industries. The discharge of colored wastewater and effluents from these industries to receiving water bodies could cause many significant problems such as increasing the toxicity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). So, these types of wastewater should be appropriately treated. The efficiencies of activated carbon derived from date stone in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions were assessed in this study.Material and Methods: In this research that was an experimental study and was done in laboratory scale, the effects of different parameters such as initial pH (2-12), adsorbent dose (0.25-5 mg/L), initial dye concentration (50 -400 mg/L), and contact time (20-430 min) on methylene blue adsorption with activated carbon derived from date stone were evaluated. The reaction isotherm using the appropriate equations was also investigated.Results: The results showed that dye adsorption with high efficiencies were obtained at pH 8. The evaluation of adsorption isotherm showed that laboratory data was best fit with Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.998) and maximum adsorption capacity was obtained 478.3 mg/g.Conclusion: Based on the removal efficiency of used MBconcentrations in this study, we found that activated carbon derived from date stones could be applied as an efficient and inexpensive adsorbent in the removal of dyes from wastewater.

Background: Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) has industrial and medical applications and is used in the treatment of several diseases. Infertility is a medical important issue that its treatment with chemical medicines has various side effects. Due to fewer side effects of herbal medicines, yet little research has been done on the hops. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of hops extract on sexual hormone levels and sexual dynastic cells in Syrian adult male mice.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 40 Syrian adult male mice that were divided into 5 groups of 8: two controls groups and three experimental groups receiving various doses of hops extract (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg).Administrations were done by gavage for 35 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were taken from the heart of animals and testosterone, estrogen and progesterone levels was measured. Also, after isolation of mouse testis, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatid were counted.Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests.Results: The results showed that hop caused a significant increase in estrogen and testosterone levels and spermatogonia and spermatocytes cells number; but has no effect on progesterone levels.Conclusion: Hops extract, possibly by having phytoestrogen compounds and by stimulating LH secretion, increases estrogen and testosterone levels, and spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatid cells number. Therefore, further investigation on hops can utilize to help infertile men.