Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:23 | Issue:1|Papers Count:28

Background & Objectives: For the past 50 years, anabolic steroids have been at the forefront of the controversy due to their various effects on athletes' performance. So the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of anabolic steroids abuse, during and after the withdrawal of the drug usage, on liver enzymes and blood albumin of bodybuilders.Materials & Methods: The study is causative-comparative research, and 40 males (Age: 26.62±6.8 years, height: 175.89±9.2 cm, weight: 77.17±12.7) were participated in this study, who were divided into four groups of ten members: athletes are using steroids, athletes with a history of drug usage who had given away its usage at least for 2 months, athletes with a history of at least 6 months of giving away using steroid and athletes with no history of steroid use.12-hour fasting blood samples were collected at eight o' clock in the morning, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and a post hoc test.Results: The results of this study showed higher degradation of both enzymes (ALT, AST) in the first group as compared to the other groups (p<%5). The destruction of these two enzymes (AST, ALT) was higher in second group as compared to the third and fourth groups (p<%5). However, the destruction of the two enzymes (ALT, AST) in the third group was not significant as compared to the fourth group. (p<%5). Albumin and (ALP) levels were normal in all groups and their changes were not significant (p>%5).Conclusion: Steroid drugs have devastating effects on the liver cells. So those, even after two months of stopping drug consumption, their side effects are still apparent in athletes who had used them. But it seems that their negative effects on liver enzymes decrease over time.

Background & Objectives: Pain after surgery, especially in appendectomy, is one of the most common causes of patients’ dissatisfaction. Regarding common side effects of existing analgesics, the researchers decided to replace conventional medicine for overcoming postoperative pain in such patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the pain relief effects of diclofenac and promethazine in patients with appendectomy.Materials & Methodes: This triple blind clinical trial was performed on 60 patients of 49 -15 years old undergoing appendectomy in Shahid Doctor Beheshti Hospital of Sabzevar in 2012. Participants were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two 30-cases groups of control and intervention, respectively received diclofenac promethazine by muscle depth injection in Dursuglutyal muscle. According to the standard numeric pain scale, the pain was investigated in the first hours after treatment. Data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and SPSS version 18, and the level of significance was selected as 0.05.Results: The difference of postoperative pain relief was significant (P=0.018) between the two groups at a half an hour. The average amount of pain in half an hour after injection of diclofenac and promethazine were 5.04±2.26 and 3.96±1.33, respectively. Also, the average amount of pain in one hour after injection of diclofenac and promethazine were 4.59±5.31 and 3.30±1.33, respectively. However, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.177).Conclusion: Promethazine is of greater analgesic efficacy than diclofenac. Therefore, a basic planing is recommended for the use of phenothiazines instead of highly morbid analgesics like non -steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Background & Objectives: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic disorder that disables different functions of patients and the treatment is difficult and complicated because of signs inherent of disorder and tending to be chronic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metacognition believes and personality characteristics of obsessive-compulsive patients.Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional design (one year, from 12/2012 to 11/2013), 62 patients diagnosed with OCD from psychological clinic of Qazvin were selected by the method of time random sampling. Data were collected using Wells’ MCBQ-30, FFI-60 Costa & Mccare and MOCI questionnaire. Data were analyzed by version 21 SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistical methods at the level 5 and 1 percent of Significant.Results: Personality components and metacognition believes do not make meaningful effect in obsession severity. Most of obsessed patients are in spectrum of neuroticism and then conscientiousness with extraversion and openness experience which neuroticism and conscientiousness is more in both and extraversion and openness experience is lower in patients. There is meaningful difference between cognitive confidences and other cognitive believe, and these are less than another believes in obsessed patients. The relationship between personality characteristics and cognition believes are the only meaningful relation which is observed. These meaningful relationships pertain to negative relationship of extraversion and cognitive confidence and the other coefficients are not meaningful.Conclusion: The research findings are consistent with meta-cognitive and personality characteristics conceptualizations of obsessive-compulsive disorders. This finding could be an important concept for etiology, continuation, and treatment of this disorder.

Background & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of aac (6’)-Ie-aph (2’’)-Ia gene among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Mashhad hospitals.Materials & Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic (from September 2013 to July 2014 performed on clinical samples of Ghaem, Pasteur, Imam Hadi, Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad). After collecting 45 clinical isolates of MRSA antimicrobial, sensitivity pattern of isolates was determined by disk diffusion method using disks of oxacillin, gentamicin, tubramycin, amikacin, and kanamycin according to the CLSI guidelines. PCR method was used for detection and determination of prevalence of mecA antimicrobial-resistance gene (used to confirm the diagnosis of MRSA) and aac (6’)-Ie-aph (2’’)-Ia genes. Data collected after the entry into SPSS version 18 using chi-square test.Results: In this study, 45 cases of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. %51 of cases was isolated from ulcers; while %37, %7 and %5 were respectively isolated from blood, urine and sputum. According to the antibiotic sensitivity test results, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant against kanamycin (%80), tobramycin (%71), amikacin (%53) and gentamicin (%31). The aac (6’)-Ie-aph (2’’)-Ia gene at %44.24 of isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected.Discussion: Compared to others, this study shows lower rate of antimicrobial resistance which could be due to lower frequency of resistance mechanisms (Aminoglycoside-resistance genes, efflux pomps, …) in these isolates. The discrepancy between results could also point to diversity in aminoglycoside-resistance in different geographical regions.

Background & Objectives: Common methods for water disinfection are using chlorine which can efficiently control microbial agents. Researches in recent decades have shown a relationship between the disinfection of water and disinfection by-products. Nanotechnology in the last decades has provided opportunities for discovering the bactericide property of metal nanoparticles. Among all anti-microbial nanoparticles, silver is the most applicable one. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanosilver on inactivating of the heterotrophic bacteria in contaminated waters.Materials & Methods: This bench-scale experimental study was carried out in a batch system on artificially contaminated water samples prepared by adding 10 ml effluent to 90 liters of distilled water. In each run, the nanosilver (30-180 mgL-1) was added to 6 containers of contaminated water and then a sample was taken every 20 minutes for a 100-minute period. Numbers of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) were determined for all samples according to the standard methods book instructions (21st edition).Results: Results revealed that the heterotrophic bacteria inactivation significantly increased with increasing the contact time of nonosilver (P=0.001), but there was no significant correlation between the nanosilver concentrations and heterotrophic bacteria inactivation (P=0.13). The maximum heterotrophic bacteria inactivation (83.6%) was achieved within 100 minutes of contact time for 180 mgL-1 of nanosilver.Conclusion: Nanosilver treatment is effective in heterotrophic bacteria inactivation in contaminated water and can be advised as a new method for water disinfection.

Background & Objectives: With increasing the dairy products, particularly cheese, the problem of pollution arisen from the corresponding wastewaters and their treatment is being more serious than before. One of the used treatment methods for such wastewaters is coagulation process. This study was done with the aim of determining optimal condition of coagulation process for dairy wastewater treatment using poly Aluminium chloride (PAC).Materials & Methods: At first, the coagulation process with PAC coagulant was used under laboratory conditions. By changing important parameters affecting the system pH (2-12) and coagulant dosage (5-100 mg/L), the decreasing of quality parameters of effluent such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Kjehldahl nitrogen (TKN), Total Phosphorous (TP) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were obtained.Results: Experiments showed the removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TKN, TP, and TDS in pH 8 and coagulant dosage of 50 mg/L at 22±2oC can be reached to 74.51, 84.81, 68.24, 65.46 and 85.69, respectively, which were the highest amounts among the pHs and coagulant dosages studied.Conclusion: The results showed that PAC coagulant is able to improve quality parameters of dairy wastewaters to standard levels. Because of availability, easy operation and acceptable removal efficiency for this wastewater type, PAC coagulant can be used for treatment of dairy industries wastewater.

Background and aims: Awkward posture can cause musculoskeletal disorders while working with computers for the computer users. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an ergonomic training program in poor condition physically at work and reduction of other causes of musculoskeletal disorders in one of the subsidiaries of National Iranian Gas Company. Evaluation of posture before and after the training was done by Rula.Methods: The statistical population consisted of 52 employees had an administrative unit. After an initial assessment of body condition during operation, ergonomics intervention program to reduce the factors causing musculoskeletal disorders over a period of two months was given to the users. Then the data using SPSS version 19 and by chi-square and t-test analysis was performed.Results: the final score is based on a minimum of three and maximum of seven subjects before training and over two months, the final score was a minimum of 2 and maximum of 4.Conclusion: Chi-square test showed a significant effect between ergonomic training intervention programs on reduction of awkward musculoskeletal postures of users.

Purpose: Epilepsy, as a plastic change lead to hyperexcitability and structural change. Kindling is the process of repetitive subconvulsive electrical or chemical stimulation induced synaptic and circuit alterations. Lateral hypothalamus (LH) contains the main constellation of orexinergic neurons involved in sleep and waking and even excitability with high numbers of receptors in hippocampus. Thus, we investigate the effect of LH inactivation on kindling development and kindling induced hippocampal neuronal population.Method: Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 45 mg/kg) was used to induce chemical kindling every 48 h up to 13 injections, intraperitoneally. Three consecutive 4 or 5 seizure stages were criteria for kindling. Lidocaine (2%) was injected stereotaxically into right LH, 0.5 h prior to PTZ administration. Nissl staining was used to demonstrate neuronal population survival in CA3 and hilar regions of hippocampus.Results: LH inactivation prevented PTZ kindling development. Although kindling increased neuronal dispersion in CA3 and hilar regions, LH inactivation was unable to reduce the dispersion. Moreover, kindling did not affect neuronal survival in CA3 and hilus, qualitatively.Conclusion: It is concluded that kindling induced structural changes is to some extent independent of kindling development and it is not prevented by kindling inhibition through LH inactivation.

Background: In Iran, as in many developing countries, a report that reflects the impact of different cultures on the elderly abuse does not exist. Therefore this study conducted to compare elderly abuse and related factors in groups of Persian and Turk in Chahatmahal Bakhtiari province.Materials & Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was carried out on 400 elderly people in Chahatmahal Bakhtiari province. Sampling method was random. The researcher visiting several parks and places which elderly people were eligible for the study and Elder Abuse Questionnaires were completed. For analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results: Finding showed that 17.14% of participants have experienced at least one type of abuse, which 35.9% was physical abuse, 15.9% verbal-psychological abuse, 16% Nonverbal abuse, 10.1% self-neglect, 4.5% others neglect, 23.3% experience of rejection from others, and 14.3% financial abuse. All types of abuse in both Persian and Turkish groups were significantly different.Conclusion: Despite our cultural emphasis on respecting to the elderly people, they experience various forms of abuses. Therefore, understanding their abuse and related factors can promote the awareness and sensitivity of community and related organizations which finally prevents this health problem.

Background & Objectives: Antibiotics can cause negative impacts on animals and bacterial resistance by entering to the environment. Catalytic ozonation process is a method for increasing the efficiency of the simple ozonation. This study evaluated the efficiency of catalytic ozonation process with activated carbon modified with MgO to remove metronidazole from aqueous solutions in a fluidized bed reactor.Materials & Methods: Catalytic ozonation experiments were performed in a fluidized bed reactor. Impact of pH, reaction time, catalyst dosage, initial concentration, radical scavengers and hydroxyl radicals was found. The degradation kinetic of metronidazole was determined as well as FTIR spectra of the catalysts. The concentration change of metronidazole was determined by HPLC.Results: The results showed that the catalyst prepared increases metronidazole decomposition rate as high as 7.32 times, compared to conventional ozonation. The optimum pH of 10, the optimal dose of 1.5 g/L of catalyst and the optimum time of 30 min were determined. The results of radical scavengers’ effect showed the main reactions of metronidazole decomposition are on the catalyst surface.Conclusions: The results showed that, due to the high performance activated carbon coated with MgO in catalytic ozonation process, increased removal of metronidazole, compared with simple ozonation, and easy access to raw materials, the use of these catalysts in ozonation process are recommended to increase efficiency and accelerate the metronidazole decomposition reaction and similar compounds.

Background: Anthrax is a common illness between human and animal which the agent of that is Bacillus anthracis. The modified protective antigen cab be used in treatment and vaccination. The aim of this study is the recombinant expression of modified protective antigen in E. coli.Material and Methods: Gene fragments were amplified with PCR from pXOI and fusion gene from SOEing PCR was cloned in a cloning vector and finally sub cloned in pET28a (+) vector and transferred to E. coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. Recombinant expression of modified PA was induced by IPTG and after protein purification with affinity chromatography, resulted antigen was injected to mice in 4 repeats. Polyclonal antibodies produced in mice serum was accessed.Results: The modified protective antigen cloned in expression vector pET28a (+) was confirmed by PCR, enzymatic digestion and sequencing. Recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. Serum was separated from mice blood and titre of antibody against modified PA was assessed by indirect ELYSA.Conclusion: resulted protein has high inhibitory property for LF and EF virulence factors. By consideration in PA detection by polyclonal antibody against modified PA from Bacillus anthracis, it can be used in for treatment and prophylaxis against anthrax in individual or combination forms with other PA domains.

Background and purpose: Diabetes is a global problem and one of the main reasons for debility and mortality in present-day societies. Some studies have indicated that Sleep Duration and blood sugar levels in diabetics are correlated, but this has not been confirmed in other research. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between Sleep Duration and blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods and materials: In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 244 type 2 diabetes patients referred to the Diabetes Screening Center in south Tehran were studied. After obtaining written consent from the patients, demographic information and information regarding their sleep patterns was collected, and blood samples were taken from them. The data was analyzed using the statistical analyses chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression.Findings: Of the 244 studied patients, 168 (68.9%) were females and 67 (31.1%) males, and their overall average age was 58.30±11.22. Study of the relationship between blood sugar level control and sleep hours controlling for demographic variables and duration of the disease showed that Sleep Duration on holidays and working days had no significant correlation with blood sugar level control in the studied patients (p>0.05).Conclusions: There was no correlation between Sleep Duration and fasting blood sugar and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. We recommend longitudinal studies be carried out in this regard.

Background & Objectives: Textile industry is one of the largest industries producing dying wastewater. Discharge of this wastewater to acceptor waters endangers aquatics life through reducing light transmission, reducing dissolve oxygen, and increasing COD. This study investigated the efficiency of calcium peroxide nanoparticles in removal of Reactive Red 198 from synthetic wastewater and wastewater of YAZDBAF textile factory.Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed in spring and summer of 2014 in Environmental Health Engineering Research Center of Kerman University of Medical Science. Characteristic of synthesized nanoparticles was determined by TEM and XRD. Adsorption experiments in batch system were performed on synthetic sample and real wastewater. The effect of solution pH (3-13), initial concentration of dye (10-300 mg/L), contact time (5-90 min) and adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.6 g) was investigated and adsorption isotherms were determined. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21, Excel 2007 softwares and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: Synthesized adsorbent particles had uniformly spherical shape with approximately diameter of 15-25 nm. The optimum pH for removal of reactive red 198 was 3-7. The equilibrium contact time was 50 minutes and optimum dosage of adsorbent was 0.4 g/100 mL. In these optimum conditions, removal efficiency in synthetic and real sample was 99.58 and 76.18 percent, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results, calcium peroxide is an efficient adsorbent in removing reactive red 198 and, with attention to simplicity of synthesis, it can be used as an applied in treating textile wastewaters.

Background and Objective: Heart disease, a disorder psycho-physiological risk factors in addition to physical, psychological factors such as personality traits and coping strategies in the incidence and severity it is very important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality traits and Coping Styles in healthy men and women compared to those with heart disease outpatient.Materials & Methods: The methodology of the study is causal-comparative research. The study population consisted of all heart disease outpatients and their relatives in May 2015 to the hospital Madani had come out of them, 50 patients with heart disease outpatients (26 males and 24 females) 50 healthy subjects (28 males and 22 females) were matched with healthy controls. The Eysenck Personality questionnaires (EPQ-R) and coping styles of Folkman and Lazarus (WCQ) study was conducted on groups. To analyze the data, descriptive, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and software version 18 (SPSS18) was used. significant level a=0.01 were considered as well.Findings: The results showed that people with heart diseases of neuroticism and psychopathic sense of difference with normal group (P<0.001). The emotion-focused coping styles are different between the two groups problem-focused coping styles between them but no difference was found. About the role of gender also showed that extraversion and emotional and problem focused coping styles between men and women patients there was a significant difference (P<0.001).Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that people with heart disease outpatient those anxious, fearful, violent, and fast developing anxiety, depression and aggression are higher than in healthy individuals deal with problems Styles emotion-oriented coping pressure.

Background & Objectives: Due to time constraints on tasks, critical condition of the patient, and decisions in critical situation, the personnel of emergency medical services (EMS) are highly susceptible to stress which can have serious consequences, such as leaving the profession. This study aimed to investigate occupational stress and its relation with intention to stay as employee of Kerman, s EMS center, Iran.Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 employees of Kerman’s EMS center who were selected by stratified sampling. Data collecting method was obtained by a questionnaire consisting of two parts: HSE job stress questionnaire, and Need intention to stay questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, T-test, regression test, and SPSS software. The results were considered significant when p<0.05.Results: The average of job stress and intention to stay was 89.35±26.67 and 3.32±0.3, respectively. The results of Pearson analysis showed negative correlation between job stress and intention to stay in employees (r=-0.21, p<0.01) and positive correlation between dimensions of job stress (p<0.05). Based on regression analysis, no significant relationship was found between job stress and number of children and work experience. It means that these two variables cannot be considered as predictor variables of job stress with 95% confidence (p>0.05).Conclusion: Due to finding that employees with low job stress tend to have higher intention to stay, effective strategies to decrease level of job stress for employees, like supervisor supports, employees consultation and participation in decisions, and changes the organization, should be developed.

Background & Objectives: Considering the importance of poetry in reducing stress, the aim of this study was to evaluating the use of poetry to reduce irrational beliefs in female students.Materials & methods: The research design was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest with control group. The research population included all secondary school female students in Urmia in the 2013-2014 school years. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster. The random sample of 30 students who have high scores on the questionnaire irrational beliefs were selected randomly in two experimental and control group and Poetry therapy sessions were conducted on the experimental group and irrational beliefs questionnaire Jones was administered on them. Data were analyzed by using of descriptive statistics and MANCOVA method was used to analyze the research data was analyzed in SPSS.16 software.Results: The finds showed that the students in the experimental group reported less irrational beliefs, after intervention, as compared to those in the control group (P=<0.005).Conclusion: we can use poetry therapy according to Sohrab sepehri poet for decrease irrational believes.

Background and Objectives: About half to one percent of the world population suffer from epilepsy.Seizure is the most common symptoms of epilepsy due to abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Due to side effects of chemical drugs, herbal plants are widely used to control seizures. In this study, Anticonvulsant activity of hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) was investigated in mice.Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male mice (25-30 g) were randomly selected and divided into five groups of 8, that included a control group (receiving saline and PTZ) and 4 treatment groups (receiving the extract doses of 150, 300, 600, 900 mg/kg).30 minutes after IP administration with saline (in control group) and different doses of extract (in treatment groups), PTZ (8 0 mg/kg) were injectedAnd were transferred to a special cage immediately and convulsive behaviors were recorded by a camera during the 20 minutes. Then, the different phases of seizure were evaluated.Results: Extract injection in all doses by dose- dependently delayed the onset time of clonic, tonic and tonic-clonic seizures, but doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg had showed the greatest effect on onset time. The duration time of tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in animals that received extract also reduced. Extract injection also dose-dependently decreased the rate of mortality and the number of suddenly jumping during seizures, these effects in doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg was significant.Conclusion: Our study showed that, the hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) had an appropriate anticonvulsant activity and it seems the future studies will be necessary to separate its ingredients and understand its mechanism of action.

Background & Objectives: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and toxic gas. It is one of the important indoor and outdoor air pollutants. This study was aimed to measure CO concentrations in outdoor and indoor air of residential homes in Ardabil city and to compare the results with air quality standards.Materials & Methods: For this descriptive-analytical study, concentrations of CO in indoor and outdoor air were measured in 50 dwellings during summer and winter in 2013. Concentrations of CO were measured at breathing zoon using a portable Gas meter for a period of one hour.Results: CO concentrations in outdoor air (2.18±1.13 ppm) were higher than the indoor air (0.57±0.63 ppm). Also, CO concentrations of indoor air in winter (0.63±0.62 ppm) were slightly higher than the summer amounts (0.51±0.65 ppm). The indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratio of 0.37±0.76 was obtained for CO concentration.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, CO concentrations are well below the guideline values and, therefore, Ardabil indoor and outdoor air quality is acceptable in terms of CO indicator.

Nowadays by genetic engineering, recombinant proteins can be produced massively in response to demands of industry. Proteins can be expressed in various expression systems and according to the protein type, the expression system can be cell free system, prokaryotic or eukaryotic-based system. For production of pharmaceutical proteins in most cases post-translational modifications are necessary and mammalian expression systems are the first choice in this regard. However, due to their problems in high production of recombinant proteins, insect expression systems can be an alternative suitable to achieve high expression of many recombinant and complex proteins. In recent year, S2 cell line from Drosophila was used as the host for the expression of human and non-human recombinant proteins. This system has the advantages such as high cell density and ability to produce folded recombinant proteins with accurate post-translational modifications, especially gamma carboxylation, provides the potential for application in industrial and commercial area.

Backgrounds & Objectives: Aggregates of b-amyloid protein are the main constituent of senile plaques and considered to be one of the causative events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compounds that could inhibit Ab fibrils formation and or reduce their associated neurotoxicity might have therapeutic values for treating AD. Although curcumin has shown promising therapeutic utilities for many diseases, including Alzheimer, its clinical application is severely limited because of its poor stability under physiological conditions. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 2, 6-bis (3, 4-dimethoxybenzylidene) -1-cyclohexanone on aggregation and neurotoxicity of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and, also, on spatial learning and memory of rats were evaluated.Methods: 30 male wistar rates (250-280 g) were divided into 5 groups: control, received scopolamine, received lysozyme amyloid aggregates, received lysozyme aggregates formed in presence of Curcumin and/or Curcumin derivative. The Morris Water maze was used for studying the spatial learning memory.Results: The results showed that, in comparison with receiver groups of lysozyme aggregates alone, the receiver rats of the aggregates formed in the presence curcumin and its derivative found platform in less time and with less distance traveled. The hippocampal injection of HEWL aggregates damaged the spatial memory of rates. Meanwhile amyloid aggregates formed in presence of curcumin or curcumin derivative were nontoxic and had no significant effect on spatial memory in rats.Conclusions: These observations suggest that Curcumin and its derivativeare are capable to insert directly into amyloidogenic core of early aggregates and inhibiting amyloid fibril formation. Also, this study showed the importance of using model proteins as a valid tool to investigate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.