Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2007 | Volume:8 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

Background: Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the most important tests for treatment of hemodialysis patients with calcitriol. This drug should be started when the PTH³200 pg/ml. However, the appropriate level of serum alkaline phosphates (ALP) for starting calcitriol is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine a serum ALP as cutoff point for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with calcitriol.Method and Material: This was a cross sectional study. The serum level of PTH and ALP was measured in 75 chronic hemodialysis patients.Results: The correlation between PTH and ALP in diagnosis for treatment with calcitriol was significant (Kappa test P-Value=0.000). In determination of diagnostic value of ALP (at level 300IU/L) for treatment with calcitriol, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 88.9%, 93.9%, 66.7%, 98.4% and 93.3%, respectively. The cutoff point of ALP for treatment with calcitriol was 300 IU/L (normal 100-290 IU/L(Conclusion: These findings suggest that serum ALP is a good test for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The results also indicate that calcitriol administration should not be started with ALP<300 IU/L.

Background: Trichomoniasis is a protozoan infection in lower urinary reproductive tract in males and females. It usually takes place in the pregnancy period in women and is transmitted through sexual inter course. To do this experiment، many females، referring to Taamin Ejtemayi hospital in Hamedan in 2005, were sampled among females for yearly cancer –test and smear, and then educated people under the supervision of the researchers examined the samples.Material and methods: In this study 400 females were selected in an improbable way and through simple sampling in the second half of 2005، and were examined by wet mount and culture procedure. Meanwhile, a questionnaire including questions pertaining to personal, social and hygienical status was administered and analyzed, using Epi 2000 statistical software.Results: on prevalence rates, using wet mount and culture procedure were 2% and 3% respectively، and it was found that the highest percent of infection belonged to people aged 26-35, furthermore, rural areas were more infected than urban areas، however, and it was not significant statistically. Among the women in the childbearing age, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of education and profession. It was also found that the number of pregnancies had no effect of on the rate of infection but using intravaginal contraceptive devices can increase the rate of infection.Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the prevalence rate in culture procedure is 1% more than direct procedure and that this procedure is more sensitive than direct procedure. Since proper diagnosis is the basis for correct treatment, it is recommended to use a culture procedure in cases, which a direct procedure turns out to be negative.

Background: Children and adolescents have a great experience of anxiety. Sometimes these anxieties have such an intensity that may affect their daily life and education negatively. One of these anxieties is test anxiety. Most of researches have reported a strong relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement, whereas earlier investigators found a smaller relationship between these variables. In this study the prevalence of test anxiety and its relationship with educational achievement was investigated. Method and materials: This investigation is a descriptive – analytic study and was done on guidance school students in Zahedan. From Nine schools (5 girl’s and 4 boy’s) 935 students were selected randomly. Data gathering tools were Sarason Test Anxiety Questionnaire (TAQ) and demographic features questionnaire and students, average score was also accounted. For analysis of Data, correlation coefficient, T- test and X2 test were used. Results: Total population was 935(540 girls and 395 boys) students, of whom. 400 students (%42.78) had test anxiety. The results of this study showed that, test anxiety occurs in girls more than boys and this difference was significant (P < 0.01, X2 = 18). Also the average of test anxiety score among girls was higher. A reverse ratio was observed between test anxiety and academic achievement (P = 0.003, r = -0.13). Conclusion: The last matter is that educational achievements and test anxiety level have a reverse ratio. It means that as test anxiety level increases, educational achievement decreases and vice-versa.

Background: It is quite obvious that stretching techniques enhance the joint range of motion.However the permanency of these techniques after the treatment period remains questionable. So this randomized clinical trial was done to determine and compare the permanency of Hold–Relax and static Stretching techniques on extensibility of short hamstring during 4 weeks.Methods and Materials: Twenty non-athlete girls with 18-26 years old with bilateral hamstring muscles shortness (SLR ≤ 650) were selected from Shahid Beheshti rehabilitation faculty in the year 1382. They were randomly assigned to two groups of 10 subjects. The first group received Hold– Relax stretching while the second one received static stretch treatment for 4 weeks. Treatment sessions were 3 times a week. Active and passive SLR, active and passive knee extension, pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis were measured before and after the 4 weeks of treatment, and then for determination of permanency, the measurements were repeated every week for 4 weeks.Results: Both groups showed a significant increase in all variables after 4 weeks of treatment.The gained results significantly maintained up to the end of fourth week. In comparison of treatment results and permanency, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. (P³ 0.05)Conclusion: These findings revealed that there is no clear difference in terms of effects and permanency between the two techniques, so the results of our study enable clinicians to provide the more simple technique in their stretching activities that is “static stretch”.

Stroke after, heart disease and cancer, is the third most common cause of death. Intracranial hemorrhage is the third most frequent cause of stroke. Primary (hypertensive) intracerebral hemorrhage that is due to predominantly to chronic hypertension and degenerative changes in cerebral arteries and gastrointestinal bleeding is one of its acute phase complications. The purpose of this cross sectional analytic study was to find correlation between gastric acidity and location of intracerebral hemorrhages and blood pressure of patients.Methods and Material: This study was performed on 89 patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage that referred to Ahvaz Golestan hospital between1381-1382. The location of hemorrhage was detected by brain CT scan at the first day of admission to hospital. Acidity of patients’ gastric juices was measured four times (2 times in first day and 2 times in fourth day) and simultaneously patients' blood pressure was determined.Results: According to this study there was a significant correlation (P< 0.05) between gastric acidity and intrathalamic hemorrhage in the first day. So that, patient with intrathalamic hemorrhage had higher gastric acidity than others. Patients' mean blood pressure did not have a significant correlation with gastric acidity and location of intracerebral hemorrhage.Conclusion: Regarding the position of thalamus that is near hypothalamus and its role in secretion of gastric acid, one can guess a high gastric acidity in first day due to stimulating effect of intrathalamic hemorrhage; furthermore, prescription of antacid agents in the first day after intrathalamic hemorrhage can prevent gastric bleeding.

Background: Nowadays drug abuse and addiction is one of the most important health, social and political problems in the world. So the aim of this study was to investigate the reasons of drug abuse prevalence among boys of different universities in Rasht in 2005.Methods and Materials: It is a descriptive- cross sectional study. We selected 800 male students through random sampling in different universities in Rasht. The data and information were collected by questionnaire and interview. Then we analyzed the findings and results using SPSS software and chi- square test.Results: The findings and results of this survey showed that 46.75% of students had used cigarette or other drugs at least one time. The frequency of consumption is as follow: cigarette %24.13, alcohol 10.50%, Joy materials 7.25%, and opium 4.87%. 17.90% of married and 27.07% of single students smoked cigarette. The percentage of students who lived with their families was 26.56%, 29.28% and 16.29% respectively. In this study, the reasons of students for using drug were imitating from friends 27.54% amusement 18.98%, satisfying their curiosity (12.30%), toleration of living problems (20.32%) and enjoyment (20.86%).Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking cigarette and using other drug in single students were more than married students and for students who lived in renting house and university dorms were more than those who lived with their families. The reasons for most of students for smoking cigarette and using other drug were imitating their friends. Reading the results of this study, it is suggested that parents and universities authorities have a better over solving students’ emotional and social problems.

Background: Choosing the effective disinfectants and using the standard methods of sterilization in hospitals can be useful in decreasing nosocomial infections. The aims of this study were the evaluation of efficacy of disinfectants being used in surgical rooms, ICU, CCU, burn wards and delivery rooms of Hamedan hospitals and also determination of bacterial contamination.Methods and Materials: In this study 400 samples were collected from different parts of operation rooms, ICU, CCU and delivery rooms of four hospitals (Mobasher Kashani, Imam Khomainy, Ekbatan and Fatemieh) in 2006. The samples were cultured on blood agar, and then the microbial agents were identified by differential and biochemical tests. Disinfectants that were used were as follow: Cidex (Glutaraldeyde), Sodium hypochlorite, Kereoeline 2.5%, Hygiene1%, Betadine, Alcohol 70%, Savlone 3.2%, and Chlorohexidine 1%. The efficacy of disinfectants was evaluated on 60 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 60 Pseudomonas aeroginosa through disk diffusion method. Data were gathered through a questionnaire and analysed using T-test and SPSS software.Results: Contamination tests in the four hospitals were positive in 44.5% of cultures (178 cultures). The highest frequency of contamination was in Mobasher hospital with 38.2% and the less frequency was in Fatemieh hospital with 13.5%. From 400 samples, 52.2% of isolates were gram-positive bacteria and 47.7% were gram-negative bacteria. The most important bacteria isolated were as follow: E.coli, Staphylococcus epidemidis, Micrococci, Bacillus subtili and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The most effective disinfectants on 60 Staphylococcus epidemidis were as follow: Cidex, Sodium Hypochlorite and Kereoeline and the least effective disinfectants and antiseptics was Alcohol 70%. The most effective disinfectants on 60 Pseudomonas aeroginosa were as follow: Cidex and Kereoeline and the least effective disinfectants and antiseptics were Alcohol 70% and Savlone.Conclusion: results showed that kereoline and cidex were among the most effective disinfectants, and there is not a significant difference between their effects on staphylococcus epidermidis (P=0.469) and on pseudomonas aeroginosa (P=0.053). The efficacies of other disinfectants on two mentioned bacteria were different and significant differences were found.

Background: The human being has an important role in the production cycle and it cannot be possible to use him like other manufacturing organizations. Death due to occupational accidents causes loosing years of life, years of working and other relegated costs in addition to hardware assets’ loss. Therefore, controlling the rate of accidents has been one of the continuous efforts of human. The target of this research is estimation of fatal occupational accidents and related human costs.Material & Methods: This research was performed as a cross sectional study in 2003.Population of study included all dead insured staff, about 231 people, in Tehran province. The required data for this survey was collected through particular checklists by referring to various branches of the social security organization. The data then were evaluated by means of Excel and software that had been designed for this purpose.Result: In these three years 19.8 percent of all accidents happening for insured staff occurred in Tehran. 3.1 percent of which led to death. This research showed those 7552 years of life and 3656 years of work were lost because of the occurrences of occupational accidents. Findings also showed that human cost for each fatal occupational accident was 3.36 billion Rials.Conclusion: Reading the significant costs caused by occupational accidents, it is really important to recognize the accidents’ causes, control the rate of them and provide sufficient and appropriate occupational health and safety services.

Merckle cell carcinoma (MCC) is a relatively rare tumor, originating from Neuroendocrine cells, with aggressive behavior and common recurrence.It is more common in males and in head and neck region.Pathologists diagnose it by immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Its definite treatment is not still determined, however radical resection as the main cure and radiotherapy as the supporting treatment are suggested.Based on many reports the most common site of MCC in head and neck region is cheeck and eyelid.The site of MCC in this report is the medial wall of orbit, about which no report was found in medical literature. The interesting point in this case presentation is that one of the differential diagnoses of mass lesions in the medial wall of orbit is MCC and the colleagues should pay attention to this rare disease in such instances. Presently the reported case is under control with surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy.