NEW THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION
Year:2005 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Kant considered reason to be theoretical or practical, hence separating knowledge from values. In practical reason, he established a moral (ethical) system that was based on previolls ethical principles. Most religions, and some of the ethical philosophers, have given primacy to religion rather than ethics and have considered moral values as being religion-based. Kant, on the other hand, tried to establish religion on the basis of ethical values; hencc altering its foundations from theology to ethics and from beliefs to behaviors (practices). As a result. religion was separated from reasoning because it was considered to be pure morality. In doing so, the necessary conditions were created for the separation of religion and knowledge visavis, different social issues. Among the Neo-Kantian philosophers, Windelband considers values as the main issue in philosophy. Vaihanger believes that what is important to us is not important in reality. Hoffding is rather doubtful about an eventual reality but calls for the realization of values. Cohen and other philosophers belonging to the Marburg school of thought believe in an immanent theory in which religion and ethics are considered as one. Such a rcligion is principally, either without a god or if it has a god it cannot be more than a mere concept, i.e. a religion free of any transcendental beliefs.

The relationship between Education as a social institution and the sociopolitical, scientific. and environmental developments is unquestionable. Therefore, the quantity and quality of Educational functions depend upon the quantity and quality of these developmcnts. Nowadays, Education is faced with many sociopolitical, cultural, and global developmcnts that require educational change and adjustment. Considering the changes that have occurred in information and communication technologies, and the subsequent development of theories such as Post Modernism, Feminism, Pluralism, globalization, and... it is only natural that the educational systems clarify their stance in regards to these developments and thcories. One of the more important theories in the field of Education is the theory of cultural pluralism, which has had some implications regarding the problem of identity. In this paper following it theoretical review of cultural pluralism and its implications for students identity, the role of education in this regard is explained.

The effectiveness of Davis Dyslexia Correction Method (DDCM) in improving reading skills has been shown elsewhere many times. To show its effectiveness here in Iran, four dyslexic fourth graders, matched on intelligence, dyslexia problems, parents level of education, and familys socio-economic status, were selected from among students at the "Orumiyeh Special Learning Disabilities Center". Of these, two were randomly selected to form the experimental group and receive reading instructions for three months using the ODCM (orientation counseling and symbol mastery). The other two continued learning with the method customarily used at the Center. Pre- and Post- tests in reading were given to both groups. Results show a significant improvement in the reading skills of the experimental group

The present study aims at the comparison of occupational values of university-educated men and women before entering the labor market. Furthermore, the occupational values among the graduates of different fields of study are compared. The research hypotheses are: womcns occupational values are different than those of the mens, and the graduates of different fields of study have different occupational values. The research population consists of all university students in Tehran city (academic year 2003-2004). A sample of 500 senior-year university students was randomly selected. The instrument used in this study was "the Job Values Questionnaire", which is based on Supers instrument with seven sub-scales of achievcmcnt, autonomy, altruism, prestige, economic return, security, and creativity. The results show that there is a significant difference between women and men in occupational values. Women scored higher on job achievement, altruism, and job security. Results of ANOVA show a significant difference between different fields of study on all subseales except achievement and economic return.

In this paper the results of a study on the marital satisfaction among parents of both normal and retarded children are reported. 110 parents of mentally retarded children and 26 parents having normal children were randomly selected from among all such parents residing in Tehran. The children were all attending either special or ordinary schools in Tehran during 2003-2004 school year. Using the Farsi translation of the "Enrich Questionnaire", the marital satisfaction of all parents was measured. The validity and reliability of the measure is equal to those of its original form in English. The data gathered were statistically analyzed to see if there were any differences between the two groups considering different levels of childrens retardation and that of the parents education. Results show a statistically significant difference in marital satisfaction between. the two groups of parents. Furthenllore, the marital satisfaction of the parents of children with different levels of retardation differed significantly from that of the other group of parents. Finally, there was a significant difference between the two groups of parents in terms of their level of education.