Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
Year:2006 | Volume:14 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Introduction: For evaluation of age and gender effect on spinal motoneurons death, axotomy or transaction of sciatic nerve were done as an apoptotic model. Material and Methods: The sciatic nerve of Sprague- Dawley rats were axotomized in the middle of left thigh of the male and female at the age of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. After 5 days, the animals were sacrificed, the L4-L6 segments of the spinal cord in all groups were removed, fixed, processed and stained with Tionin as a specific staining for Nissle's Body. The number of anterior horn's health -motoneurons in right side as control group and left side as experimental group were counted by light microscopy and compared with each other using analysis of variance. There were 5 male and 5 female animals in each group. Findings: The results showed that the percentage of reduction of motonurons in 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days male rats were 35.38, 33.15, 30.77, 27.64 and 22.58 and in female rats were 38.95, 36.46, 33.68, 29.50 and 24.97 respectively. On the other hand, the percentage of the reduction in the males compared with the females were significantly lower in all groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the number of motoneurons in the right side in females was less than males and the difference was significant in 3, 5, 7days old new born (p<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that the gender difference due to androgen activity can affect motoneurons death.

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity tends to increase especially in developing countries. Obesity as a health problem is important because of its complications such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gynecologic disorders and ischemic heart diseases. The purpose of this descriptive study was to estimate the prevalence of general and central obesity, overweight, and the patterns of nutrition and mobility in the population of women aged from 15 to 49.Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 420 women who referred to urban health clinics in Ham. Sampling was based on a cluster randomized method and the needed data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic, physical activity and nutritional sections. In addition, the weight, height, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, circumference of waist and hip were measured.Findings: According to BMI, %20/5 of the subjects had general obesity, %48/5 overweight and based on skinfold thickness, %16/4 had central obesity, %51/4 more than 0/85 WHR as critical cutpoint. Conclusion: An increase in obesity prevalence and its complications necessitate the improvement of nutritional and physical activity patterns through administering population based and high risk group strategies.

Introduction: Suitable nutrition is of paramount importance for maintaining the corporeal-mental health. In other words, it is an essential aspect of social health. One of the causes of nutritional problems to be mentioned is in the parent's unawareness of correct nutrition and using the incorrect ways in feeding their children.This study aims at investigating the effects of training the nutrition principles on women knowledge in Ilam NGOs.Materials and Methods: This study has an experimental design which was accomplished in a simple-random method in 1382.312 women of nongovernmental organizations were selected in a simple chance form out of 1212 people. Then a pre-test was administered. After an interval of three weeks in which the participants were provided with enough guidance and training in nutrition principles, a post-test was accomplished. In 214 cases, variables such as age, literacy, job and awareness were studied using the questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using the frequency tables, percent of numbers and the test X2. Findings: Among those selected for this study, 14.7% had poor information about the nutrition principles before the training sessions, but this percent age decreased to 2.3%, after the training. On the other hand, 13.8% of them had good information before the training and after the instruction, this percent age increased up to 43%. 16.7% of the subjects having good information before instruction knew the principles of nutrition groups and after instruction, this percent age increased up to 45.3% (P<0.000). 17.6% participant with good information before the instructions knew the best nutrition sources of iron, and this percentage, after the instructions, increased up to 47.3% (P<0.011). Conclusion: The recent study and the studies conducted at other internal and external universities, are indicating lack of information among people about the nutrition principles. Therefore, the instruction for mothers and women according to their education degrees can have a positive effect on the improvement of nutrition conditions in community.

Introduction: Compared to men, women undergoing CABG appear to have a higher morbidity and mortality, particularly in the pre-operative period. This study was planned to answer the questions of whether such differences in clinical outcomes between men and women still exist and determine whether it is the gender or other associated conditions in women that lead to higher mortality. Materials & Methods: The data were collected from 201 consecutive patients undergoing CABG (1379-1380). The data were analysed retrospectively and presented as mean±SD (p<0.05).Findings: About 46.76 of the patients were female. Compared to men, the women were elder (56.07 versus 52.9) and (p<0.02) showed a higher incidence of diabetes (25.5% versus 16.8%), and hypertension (58.5% versus 43.1% p<0.04) Also, they showed a lower incidence of smoking (16% versus 59.9%, p<0.00), fraction ejection (50.27 versus 47.1, p<0.04), hematocrit (39.7 versus 43.8, p<0.00),longer hospital. stay (18.4 versus 15.9, p<0.001) and weight (69.71 versus 75.7, p<0.00) and tidal volume (622±13 versus 734±13.5, p<0.00).Conclusion: Pre and post operative MI, LAD stenosis (>50%), using balloon pump after the operation, diabetes, inotrop doses following the surgery, showed no difference in women and men. Postoperative myocardial infarction and mortality was the same between the male and female cases.

Introduction: FUO causes many problems and confusions to the patients and physicians. This research was conducted to determine Fuo diagnostic factors in Kermanshah Sina hospital during 1991- 2003. Material and Methods: This cross- sectional- descriptive study covered 72 patient folders, admitted at Sina hospital with diagnosis of FUO during 1991- 2003. The needed data about this variables were collected and analyzed.The included: These age, gender, residential place, final diagnosis, ESR, URP, fever pattern and, fever duration before being hospitalized.Findings: The results of this study showed that only 58% of the patients have correct criteria for Fuo while 42% proved the opposite for FUO. Among the main groups of diseases that can produce FUO the highest percentage belonged to undiagnosed causes (62%) which stood before infections. Infections causes of FUO included: extra pulmonary TB (20%), sepsis with unknown source (15%), pneumonia (10%), UTI (10%), empyema (10%), and sinusitis (10%).The highest range of age in FUO admitted patients was 30-55 y/o (45%), followed by 15-30 y/o (35%), and the last>55 y/o (19%). It is to mention that 15 y/o children were not admitted at this hospital. Conclusion: Compared to other finds previously achieved, The results of this research are somehow the same, but in some cases, they are unexpected. For example, no defining criteria was found for FUO diagnosis in 42% of the patients, the high percentage of 62% for unknown causes as well as finding no neoplasm disorders helped the case. However, the researcher suggests a checklist to be prepared for any admitted patients to see for any FUO.

Introduction: Serous otitis media (SOM) is a common disease of childhood with different etiology. However, in a significant number of cases, bacteriological cultures are negative. There are many similarities between middle ear cavity and paranasal sinuses. Fungi are known as main causes of sinusitis. This research was conducted in order to find any evidence of fungal presence in middle ear cavity.Materials & Methods: 74 patients with serous otitis media admitted in Rasht Amiralmomenin Hospital from Dec 2004 to Dec 2005 were sequentially studied. Following cleaning cerumen of external ear canal and disinfection with betadin for 1 minute, an anterior inferior myringotomy was performed. Middle ear fluid was aspirated and collected in sterile saline. Adenoid tissue was also collected following adenoidectomy and collected in separate sterile saline. Both specimens were transferred to a reference mycology laboratory in ice box in less than 5 hours.Findings: 100 specimens of middle ear fluid and 74 specimens of adenoid tissue were mycologicaly investigated. Fungi were isolated from 6 specimens of adenoid tissues and 10 specimens of middle ear fluid. Only one of them was Fusarium sp. and the rest were different species of Aspergillus with predominance of Aspergillus fumigatus.Conclusion: Fungal elements were seen in 10 percent of middle ear effusions. An allergic response to fungi may be responsible for persistent serous otitis media.

Introduction: Milk is an important part of human nutrition in different ages. Thus, hygiene and control of the milk during processing, transportation, saving and marketing is of uital significance.Methods & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed to consider any to microbial contaminations in raw milk during 1999-2003. Totally, 780 samples were selected from the farms and market using a multi- stage categorical sampling. For primary isolation of E.coli and S.aureus, EMB agar and Chapman medium were used respectively. The data was saved in SPSS software and analyzed by t.test. Findings: 63 samples (19.7%), of all the 320 samples taken during milking, were contaminated with both E.coli and S.aureus, 62 samples (19.3%) and 30 samples (9.3%) were contaminated with only E.coli, and S.aureus, respectively. Also, 165 samples (51.6%) were not contaminated by the two mentioned organisms. During transportation, 200 samples were collected of which 98 samples (49%) were infected with both E.coli and S.aureus were isolated, also in 15 samples (7.5%) and 30 samples (% 15), E.coli and S.aureus seen, respectively. In transportation phase, 57 samples (28.5%) were not contaminated with these organisms. In marketing center, 260 samples were taken of which 152 samples (58.4%) were contaminated with both E.coli and S.aureus, and 28 samples (10.8%) and 72 samples (27%) were contaminated with only E.coli and S.aureus respectively. So, in this phase in 8 samples (3.1%) no contamination with the organisms was proved. Conclusion: According to the results in each stage, microbial contaminations were significantly different (P<0.05). The contamination rate by E.coli and S.aureus increased significantly during the time between the milking stage and market distributions.

Introduction: Fasting during Ramadan can be useful for healthy person. Ramadan fasting has spiritual, physical, psychological, and social benefits. The extensive studies about low calorie diet effects on rodents have shown that its profound effect is on longevity and safety of immune system development. Since a basic aspect of fasting that forbids eating from dawn to dusk can cause low calorie intake and due to the relationship between the immune system and central nerves, endocrine glands and its interference pathogeneses of most diseases, we decided to study the effects of Ramadan fasting on some parameters of immune system on complement components of C3 and C4, which are the major components of complement activity in classic pathway in innate immune response. Material and methods: In this study, fifty normal and healthy male and female students aged 20-25 were selected, blood samples were obtained and analyzed for immunological studies such as C3 and C4 in the method of SRID and CH50 test in the method of veronal in two different occasion, the fourth week of Ramadan and one month later.Findings: Comparing the results of the fourth week and one month after Ramadan, using paired t-test, it was known that fasting had no effect on C3 and C4 concentration and CH50 activity and there was no significant change in the above factors either.Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that Ramadan fasting has no effect on increasing innate immunity including components.