JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2018 | Volume:17 | Issue:66 |Papers Count:10

Physical disabilities in childhood have a lot of negative psychological effects on the parents and their adaptation process with their disabling children is limited, hence one of the ways that can address the psychological problems of such parents It is important to teach mothers using cognitive techniques and behavioral techniques in the form of stress management. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of teaching stress management methods on mothers of children with physical motor disorders on mothers psychological well-being The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-and-post design with control group. Therefore, 24 mothers whose children were physical disabilities were chosen through at-hand sampling and were matched into experimental and control groups. The research instruments were ryff psychological well-being. Training mothers was accomplished in eight 90-minutes sessions. In the end, the two groups completed the questionnaires as post-test. The data was analyzed using ANCOVA. The results indicated the effect of stress management training methods on increase mothers psychological well-being (P<0. 05) in experimental group in comparison control group. The findings show that the training of stress management methods has been effective in improving the psychological well-being of mothers of children with physical disabilities and reducing their psychological problems.

Individuals with emotional problems experience uncontrollable and intensive negative affect. They do not have the ability to manage and regulate their acute emotional experiences. The main aim of the present study was to compare alexithymia and defense mechanisms among patients with Major Depression Disorder (MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and normal individuals. A total of 160 participants (40 patients with MDD, 40 patients with GAD, 40 patients with OCD, and 40 normal individuals) participated in this study. Following a psychiatric diagnosis of the disorders, participants were asked to complete the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia scale-20 (FTAS-20) and Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40). The normal group also completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and were selected based on Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I). The results demonstrated that there are significant differences between clinical and normal groups in terms of alexithymia and defense mechanisms (p<0. 001). Significant differences among clinical groups were also found (p<0. 001). The results of the present study could be used in diagnosis and differentiate among these three high prevalent comorbid disorders. The findings could be used in preventive and therapeutical programs for emotional problems.

The importance of studying the influential components on physical and mental health has been recently increased. Self-knowledge and defense mechanisms are among the psychological parameters which can be effective on physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediatory role of self-knowledge in the relationship between defense styles and somatization. For this purpose, 253 student participants (149 females and 14 males) were included in this study and were asked for Defense Style Questionnaire, Symptoms of Somatization, and General Health Questionnaire. Data was analysis via Pierson correlation and multivariate regression. The results showed that immature and neurotic defense styles have a positive relationship with somatization (P<0. 01). On the other hand, mature defense styles and integrative self-knowledge have a negative relationship with somatization (P<0. 01). In addition, integrative self-knowledge plays as a mediator in the relationship between immature and neurotic defense styles and somatization (P<0. 01). Based on our results, defense styles would have an effective role in prevention of inducing and relapsing of psychosomatic disorders and increasing the physical and mental health.

developmental coordination disorder can interfere with motor coordination in children and Poor motor coordination also causes psychological problems in these children. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of selected resistance training on sensory-motor in 8 to 12 year-old children with developmental coordination disorder in Tehran. The research design was a pre-post test with control group. For this purpose, 30 children 8 to 12 years old (10. 98 ± 1. 02) with a developmental coordination disorder were selected Available form using the developmental coordination disorder Questionnaire and Raven intelligence test and they were randomly divided into control and experimental groups of 15 subjects. The Connors neuropsychological Questionnaire was used to evaluate the dependent variables. The experimental group then received the resistance training program for eight weeks (three sessions per week, 45 minutes each session). The control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using Multivariate analysis of covariance test at a significance level of 0. 05. The findings showed the effect of selective resistance exercises for the experimental group in all variables (P≤ 0. 05). According to the findings of this study, the effect of resistance training on improving motor sensory function in children with developmental coordination disorder, it is recommended that schools and rehabilitation centers take advantage of these exercises.

Delinquency and victimization are two complicated social issues which could be seen in different social environment in different forms. These phenomena are due to personality traits, familial state, mental health and intellectual capacity. This study was done to compare personality traits, familial state, mental health and intellectual capacity between delinquent adolescents and victimized adolescents in Tehran province. The method was causal comparative. Statistical society included delinquent adolescents who were stayed in" Correction and rehabilitation center of Tehran" and victimized one who were referred to legal medicine office of Tehran by the courts for psychological assessment. Of delinquents, 175 were randomly selected as the study group and 85 people who were victimized and referred to psychiatry department of legal medicine as the victimized group. We applied cloninger questionnaire of temperament and character personality traits, Mac master family assessment device (FAD), Goldberg mental health and Tehran-Stanford-Binet intelligence Scale. Results showed that There are meaningful differences between two groups in the dimensions of temperament (persistence, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward-dependence), character (self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence), mental health (anxiety, depression and social functioning) and family specificities (problem solving, affective involvement, affective accompaniment and behavioral control) (P<0. 01), but there was not a meaningful difference in relation of family specifications and non-verbal intelligence between two groups. (P>0. 05).

Recently, emotional trainings and interventions have been designed to improve academic adjustment among students, especially students who are maladaptive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training on emotional processing strategies on academic adjustment of maladaptive students in Kerman. The research is a quasi-experimental design with a pseudo-pre-test design, a post-test with a control group of the control group. The statistical population of this study is maladaptive male students in secondary schools in the second district of district 2 of Kerman, which were referred to the counseling center. The study sample consisted of 30 secondary school students (each group of 15) who were selected randomly following the implementation of the AISS students who were found to be incompatible. They were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of emotional processing strategies and the control group did not receive any training during this training period. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis. The results showed that education of emotional processing strategies has a significant effect on educational adjustment of maladaptive students at the level of P>0. 01.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women throughout the world. In previous studies, parent-child communication and selfefficacy variables have been studied separately. The main problem of the present study is a comprehensive investigation of the differences between parent-child communication and self-efficacy attitudes in women suffering from breast cancer and healthy women. The current study aimed to compare parent-child communication and self-efficacy in women suffering from breast cancer and healthy women. In a descriptive and causal-comparative research, the sample (26 breast cancer women and 26 healthy people) was selected conveniently from the statistical population which consisted of all the patients referring to Shohadaye Tajrish hospital. The data were collected using Sacks Sentence Completion Test (Sack and Levy, 1950). To analysis the data, qualitative and quantitative method were used. The results indicated that there was a significant difference (P=0/001) between the two groups in terms of the two variables of the study. The findings highlight the importance of paying more attention to these variables in treatment process of the patients with breast cancer.

Perfectionism is a multi-dimensional trait which is effective on sports success. Although this factor is correlated with experiencing different emotions, its correlation with emotion regulation strategies is not considered. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the the relationship between dimension of perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies in elite Taekwondo athletes. Present study research method was descriptive-correlational, Statistic population was included all of from Iranian Taekwondo athletes participating in super League competition. Samples were and 132 female and male selected based on random sampling, and completed the Scals of of perfectionism and emotion regulation. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression (inward method) tests. The results revealed that positive perfectionism was positively associated with reappraisal strategies, and negatively correlated with negative suppression strategies. Negative perfectionism had the negative correlation with these strategies. Regression analysis showed that positive and negative perfectionism dimensions predict 33 and 41 percent of reappraisal and Suppression strategies variance respectively. According to the findings, we can conclude that dimensions of perfectionism have an important role in selecting emotion regulation strategies and the kind of strategies which every person uses is correlated with these dimensions.

Positive psychology is the scientific study of optimal human functioning. The focus of positive psychology is on how human life flourishes and reaches its potentials. Psychological well-being and strengths of character are the core concepts of the scientific approach of positive psychology. The main problem of the present study was a lack of comprehensive investigation of Psychological well-being and strengths of character based on academic field. The aim of this study is to compares the psychological well-being and strengths of character in students according to their academic fields. For this purpose, 351 students of Islamic Azad University, Shabestar branch were selected from different faculties and different majors using the stratified clustering method. In order to measure the variables, psychological well-being questionnaire of Ryff (RSPWBSF: Ryff, 1989) and values in action inventory of strengths (VIA-IS: Peterson & Seligman, 2004) questionnaire were used. The methodology of this study is causal-comparative and for data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance was used. After the test assumptions, results indicated that the elements of psychological well-being and character strengths are significantly different in the students based on their majors (P=0. 001). Regarding the obtained results, it seems that the nature of the major affects psychological well-being as well as character strengths of the students. Moreover, as positive attributes of the character affect selecting educational majors, they are influenced by the majors as well.