Urease Enzyme Inhibitory of Heavy Metals and Organic Solvents in Ammonia Making for Synthesis of Nifedipine Antihypertensive Drug

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Tamaddon Fatemah; Noorbala Mohammad Reza; ARAB DAVOOD; Ghazi Somayeh

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Journal: TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT Year:2018 | Volume:17 | Issue:1 (67) Page(s): 96-104

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Title

Urease Enzyme Inhibitory of Heavy Metals and Organic Solvents in Ammonia Making for Synthesis of Nifedipine Antihypertensive Drug

Author(s)

Tamaddon Fatemah | Noorbala Mohammad Reza | ARAB DAVOOD | Ghazi Somayeh | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Urease-UreaQ1

Enzyme inhibitionQ1

Heavy metal ionsQ1

Organic solventsQ1

NifedipineQ1

Abstract

Introduction: Simultaneous development of technology is composed with environmental hazardous with heavy-metals and Organic solvents and thus toxic catalysts/Organic solvents must be replaced with biocatalysts and water. Urease is a hydrolase enzyme and Urease-Urea can be considered a safe source of toxic ammonia in synthesis of Nifedipine. Nifedipine is an antihypertensive drug synthesized by four– component reaction of 2 mmol methyl acetoacetate, 2– nitro-benzaldehyde, and ammonia using catalysts and Organic solvents. The object of this research is replacement of toxic ammonia with Urease-Urea and Organic solvents with water and study of heavy-metals and organic-solvent inhibition of urease on the synthesis of Nifedipine. Methods: In this experimental work, by controlling of yield and time of Nifedipine synthesis via reaction of methyl acetoacetate, 2– nitro-benzaldehyde, and urease/urea in water, optimum urease/urea concentration, temperature, and pH for maximum yield were determined. Then, the effect of heavy-metal/organic solvent inhibitors on the production of ammonia and urease-catalyzed synthesis of Nifedipine have been investigated. Results: Based on the yield of Nifedipine, the activity of urease for ammonia production depends on parameters such as urease/urea amount, temperature, pH, and kind or concentration of inhibitors. The results accorded urease specificity for maximum dissociation of urea in experiment with 10 mg/mL urease, pH=7, and 70 C° in water, while heavy-metal ion/organic solvent inhibitory of urease showed trends of Hg2+>Ag+>Cu2+>Pb2+>Cd2+ and acetonitrile>chloroform>dichloromethane to reduce in ammonia concentration and Nifedipine. Conclusion: Urease-Urea makes a biocompatible source of ammonia for synthesis of anti– hypertension drug of Nifedipine, while inhibitors such as heavy metal cations especially Hg2+, Organic solvents, and sulfuric acid decrease the reaction rate. Biocompatibility, use of water and no organic solvent/catalyst, high yield and selectivity are advantages of this green method in comparison to previous reported methods.

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References

Synthesis, utility and medicinal importance of 1, 2-& 1, 4-dihydropyridines

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APA: Copy

Tamaddon, Fatemah, Noorbala, Mohammad Reza, ARAB, DAVOOD, & Ghazi, Somayeh. (2018). Urease Enzyme Inhibitory of Heavy Metals and Organic Solvents in Ammonia Making for Synthesis of Nifedipine Antihypertensive Drug. TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT, 17(1 (67) ), 96-104. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/102853/en

Vancouver: Copy

Tamaddon Fatemah, Noorbala Mohammad Reza, ARAB DAVOOD, Ghazi Somayeh. Urease Enzyme Inhibitory of Heavy Metals and Organic Solvents in Ammonia Making for Synthesis of Nifedipine Antihypertensive Drug. TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT[Internet]. 2018;17(1 (67) ):96-104. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/102853/en

IEEE: Copy

Fatemah Tamaddon, Mohammad Reza Noorbala, DAVOOD ARAB, and Somayeh Ghazi, “Urease Enzyme Inhibitory of Heavy Metals and Organic Solvents in Ammonia Making for Synthesis of Nifedipine Antihypertensive Drug,” TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT, vol. 17, no. 1 (67) , pp. 96–104, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/102853/en

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