Fear, Anxiety and Depression among Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizens during the Third Wave of COVID-19

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Sljivo Armin; Kulenovic Alma Dzubur

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Iranian Journal of Psychiatry Year:2023 | Volume:18 | Issue:1 Page(s): 1-10

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Title

Fear, Anxiety and Depression among Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizens during the Third Wave of COVID-19

Author(s)

Sljivo Armin | Kulenovic Alma Dzubur | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Anxiety

COVID-19

Depressive Symptoms

Fear

Pandemics

Abstract

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Fear, Anxiety, and depression have become global concerns among the wider public. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of Fear, Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms associated with COVID-19, to assess influencing factors that lead to the development of these mental health conditions and to examine any changes in the mental health patterns of the society since the initial study a year ago in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Method: An anonymous online survey based on Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patients Health Questionnaires (PHQs) was conducted in the general population of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: From 1096 subjects, 81. 3% were females, 33. 8% had a high school degree, 56. 4% were married, 53. 4% were engaged in intellectual labor, 42. 3% experienced Fear, 72. 9% had Anxiety symptoms and 70. 3% had Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and their mean age was 35. 84 ±,10. 86. Half (50. 1%) of the subjects were COVID-19 positive and 63. 8% had COVID-19 symptoms when responding to the questionnaire. Experiencing COVID-19 related Fear (OR = 1. 972) and having moderate to severe Depressive Symptoms (OR = 9. 514) were associated with the development of mild to severe Anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were in turn associated with the development of moderate to severe Depressive Symptoms (OR = 10. 203) and COVID-19 related Fear (OR = 2. 140), respectively, thus creating a potential circulus vicious. COVID-19 positive subjects (OR = 1. 454) were also more likely to develop mild to severe Anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of Fear, Anxiety symptoms and Depressive Symptoms rose dramatically since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They were interconnected and were significantly associated with age, gender, marital status and COVID-19 status. Therefore, an urgent mental health intervention is needed for the prevention of mental health problems.

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APA: Copy

Sljivo, Armin, & Kulenovic, Alma Dzubur. (2023). Fear, Anxiety and Depression among Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizens during the Third Wave of COVID-19. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 18(1), 1-10. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1064770/en

Vancouver: Copy

Sljivo Armin, Kulenovic Alma Dzubur. Fear, Anxiety and Depression among Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizens during the Third Wave of COVID-19. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY[Internet]. 2023;18(1):1-10. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/1064770/en

IEEE: Copy

Armin Sljivo, and Alma Dzubur Kulenovic, “Fear, Anxiety and Depression among Bosnia and Herzegovina Citizens during the Third Wave of COVID-19,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/1064770/en

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