Stigma, Discrimination, and Living with Hepatitis B in Turkey

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Yilmaz Esmeray Mutlu; Yildiz Ilknur Esen; Sehmen Emine

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal Year:2022 | Volume:24 | Issue:10 Page(s): 0-0

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Title

Stigma, Discrimination, and Living with Hepatitis B in Turkey

Author(s)

Yilmaz Esmeray Mutlu | Yildiz Ilknur Esen | Sehmen Emine | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Anxiety

Concealment

Discrimination

Hepatitis B

Stigma

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B is an older and more common infection worldwide than hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nonetheless, there is a dearth of studies on Hepatitis B-related Stigma and Discrimination compared to HCV and HIV. Objectives: It aimed to evaluate Stigma and Discrimination by classifying them as social environment, work environment, and while receiving health care. It was planned to examine the relationship of these data with hiding behaviors and Anxiety levels. Methods: In this study, a questionnaire prepared for chronic Hepatitis B patients was applied using the face-to-face interview technique. The questionnaire used included a total of 43 items, the first 10 of which were descriptive data, and the others were aimed at determining Stigma and Discrimination. Results: A total of 505 patients were interviewed. The mean age of the patients was 41 years, and 56% were male. Moreover, 47. 1% of patients asserted that they hid their illness from those around them, 47% feared Stigma, and 36% feared exclusion. In addition, 20 (4%) cases stated that they broke up with their spouse or lover due to their illness, and 47 (11. 7%) subjects indicated that they did not plan to marry due to their illness. It was determined that 73. 8% of participants were afraid of transmitting the disease to others. Moreover, 21. 6% of patients revealed that they experienced Stigma while receiving health services. The rate of exposure to any Stigma and Discrimination in the workplace was 12. 3% (n=43). Furthermore, 21 (5. 8%) participants asserted that they lost their job due to their illness. There was a significant difference between those who hid their disease and those who did not, in terms of age, education level, marital status, place of residence, worrying about the course of the disease, fear of infecting others, and exposure to any Stigma. It was observed that the individuals shared their hepatitis positivity with fewer people, with a gradual increase in their level of education (P=0. 002). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive people in Turkey accept this situation as a reason for Stigmatization and Discrimination. Participants pointed out that they often avoid disclosing their illness out of fear of being Stigmatized and excluded.

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APA: Copy

Yilmaz, Esmeray Mutlu, Yildiz, Ilknur Esen, & Sehmen, Emine. (2022). Stigma, Discrimination, and Living with Hepatitis B in Turkey. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL (IRCMJ), 24(10), 0-0. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1144767/en

Vancouver: Copy

Yilmaz Esmeray Mutlu, Yildiz Ilknur Esen, Sehmen Emine. Stigma, Discrimination, and Living with Hepatitis B in Turkey. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL (IRCMJ)[Internet]. 2022;24(10):0-0. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/1144767/en

IEEE: Copy

Esmeray Mutlu Yilmaz, Ilknur Esen Yildiz, and Emine Sehmen, “Stigma, Discrimination, and Living with Hepatitis B in Turkey,” IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL (IRCMJ), vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 0–0, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/1144767/en

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