Comparing the concept of freedom according to Ayatollah Naini and Karl Popper

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Jalilfar Mohammad; Kaveh Pishghadam Mohammad Kazem; Haghighat Hamid Reza

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: جامعه شناسی سیاسی انقلاب اسلامی Year:2022 | Volume:5 | Issue:1 Page(s): 323-345

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Comparing the concept of freedom according to Ayatollah Naini and Karl Popper

Author(s)

Jalilfar Mohammad | Kaveh Pishghadam Mohammad Kazem | Haghighat Hamid Reza | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

The concept of freedom

government

Karl Popper

Ayatollah Naini

rulers

Abstract

Freedom has always faced significant constraints, particularly under the rule of despotic rulers. These authoritarian leaders sought to impose slavery and servitude upon the people of their time through looting, oppression, and violations in pursuit of their self-centered goals and the interests of their supporters. Among the Shiite scholars of his era, Ayatollah Naini emerged as a champion of resistance against the despotism and oppression of unworthy rulers. In his famous treatise, "Tanbih al-Ummah wa Tanzih al-Millah, " he urges Muslims to stand against and not submit to autocratic rulers based on the recommendations of God in the Quran and the sayings of the infallible. Naini considers ownership-oriented sovereignty as the usurpation of human rights, emphasizing the transformation of this sovereignty into guardianship and freedom from the tyranny of oppressive rulers. He contends that all conflicts and struggles between prophets and saints of the past against tyrants were aimed at achieving freedom from invaders, which remains the greatest divine blessing. Naini emphasizes that the reality of overcoming oppressive rule lies in the nation's victory in attaining this divine gift: freedom.

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