Which Is More Harmful for the Oral Mucosa: Cigarettes or Hookah? A Cross-Sectional Study

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Shooriabi Mohammad; Aboali Darvish Taheri Elahe; Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care Year:2024 | Volume:13 | Issue:4 Page(s): 1-8

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Which Is More Harmful for the Oral Mucosa: Cigarettes or Hookah? A Cross-Sectional Study

Author(s)

Shooriabi Mohammad | Aboali Darvish Taheri Elahe | Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Smoking Water PipesQ4

Mouth MucosaQ4

Cigarette SmokingQ4

Oral UlcerQ4

Abstract

Background: The popularity of hookah usage is on the rise in contemporary societies. Some individuals believe that using a hookah is less harmful than smoking traditional cigarettes. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among individuals who use hookah and cigarettes. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted at Ahvaz Dental School, 102 individuals seeking examination and treatment for dental problems were recruited from spring 2022 to winter 2023 and categorized into three groups: Cigarette users (A), hookah users (B), and non-users of both (C). A thorough oral examination was performed on each patient to identify any oral mucosal lesions. If necessary, a biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The information for each patient was recorded on individual sheets and subsequently analyzed. To examine the relationship between qualitative variables, a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was employed. Results: The most prevalent oral mucosal lesion observed in both group A (42%) and group B (27%) was hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa. Notably, a premalignant lesion was exclusively observed in individuals belonging to group A (7%). Complaints of bad taste in the mouth were more common in tobacco users (in any form) than in non-users (P = 0. 004). Conclusions: Tobacco users (of any kind) have more oral lesions than non-smokers, although most of these lesions are harmless.

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